Coral reefs in India: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Alexbu2014 (talk | contribs) |
m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 5 templates: del empty params (3×); hyphenate params (8×); |
||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
== List of Coral reefs == |
== List of Coral reefs == |
||
* '''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]''' |
* '''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]''' |
||
:Situated in the [[Bay of Bengal]], exclusively fringing reefs of about 572 islands, most of these islands have a healthy biodiversity.<ref name="Planning Commission Report">{{cite book|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report|series=State Development Report series|author=Planning Commission of India|edition=illustrated|publisher=Academic Foundation|year=2008 |
:Situated in the [[Bay of Bengal]], exclusively fringing reefs of about 572 islands, most of these islands have a healthy biodiversity.<ref name="Planning Commission Report">{{cite book|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report|series=State Development Report series|author=Planning Commission of India|edition=illustrated|publisher=Academic Foundation|year=2008|isbn= 81-7188-652-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref> |
||
* '''[[Gulf of Kutch]]''' |
* '''[[Gulf of Kutch]]''' |
||
:Exclusively consists of [[fringing reef]]s. The reefs are relatively less developed due to large range of temperature and high salinity. The harbours have less biodiversity. The entire Gulf of Kutch is also known as a [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|marine national park]].<ref name="bnhs">{{cite journal|last=Apte|first=Deepak|title=Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh: A conservation challenge|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|pages=26–27|url=http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf| |
:Exclusively consists of [[fringing reef]]s. The reefs are relatively less developed due to large range of temperature and high salinity. The harbours have less biodiversity. The entire Gulf of Kutch is also known as a [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|marine national park]].<ref name="bnhs">{{cite journal|last=Apte|first=Deepak|title=Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh: A conservation challenge|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|pages=26–27|url=http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf|access-date=3 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925110300/http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/GulfofKutch.pdf|archive-date=25 September 2007}}</ref> |
||
* '''[[Gulf of Mannar]]''' |
* '''[[Gulf of Mannar]]''' |
||
:Fringing reefs with a chain of 21 islands from [[Rameswaram]] in the north to [[Thoothukudi]] (Tuticorin) in the south. This part of the gulf forms part of the [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park|Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve]].<ref name=UNDP1>{{cite web|url=http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |title=Conservation and Sustainable-use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve’s Coastal Biodiversity | |
:Fringing reefs with a chain of 21 islands from [[Rameswaram]] in the north to [[Thoothukudi]] (Tuticorin) in the south. This part of the gulf forms part of the [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park|Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve]].<ref name=UNDP1>{{cite web|url=http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |title=Conservation and Sustainable-use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve’s Coastal Biodiversity |access-date=3 November 2014 |author=UNDP |year=1994 |publisher=UNDP, Project Brief, New York |format=PDF |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180802/http://data.undp.org.in/factsheets/ene/oct06/GulfofMannar.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> |
||
* '''[[Lakshadweep]]''' |
* '''[[Lakshadweep]]''' |
||
:Exclusively [[Atoll|coral atolls]] with 36 islands, of which 10 are inhabited. The islands range from less than {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} to about {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, and do not exceed {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} in width.<ref name=lap>{{cite web|title=Location, Area and Population|url=http://lakshadweep.nic.in/KL_locationAreaPopulation.html|publisher=lakshadweep.nic.in| |
:Exclusively [[Atoll|coral atolls]] with 36 islands, of which 10 are inhabited. The islands range from less than {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} to about {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, and do not exceed {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} in width.<ref name=lap>{{cite web|title=Location, Area and Population|url=http://lakshadweep.nic.in/KL_locationAreaPopulation.html|publisher=lakshadweep.nic.in|access-date=3 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512103200/http://lakshadweep.nic.in/KL_locationAreaPopulation.html|archive-date=12 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
* '''Others''' |
* '''Others''' |
||
Revision as of 17:04, 11 December 2020
Coral reefs in India are one of the most ancient and dynamic ecosystems of India. The coral reefs not only provide a sanctuary to a myriad of marine life but also play a key role in protecting the coastline from erosion. India has about 7517 km of coastline including islands but mainland coast is 6100 km.
The Coral reefs in India are mainly restricted to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kutch, Palk Strait and the Lakshadweep islands. All of these reefs are Fringing reefs, except Lakshadweep which are Atolls. There are Patchy corals present along the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast like the intertidal regions of Ratnagiri, Gaveshani Bank etc. The Hermatypic corals are also present along the sea shore from Kollam in Kerala to Enayam Puthenthurai in Tamilnadu.[1]
Research and Institutions
The Major Institutions in India involved in the management, monitoring and research on Coral reefs are the Ministry of Earth Sciences, the Zoological Survey of India, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Madurai Kamaraj University, Annamalai University, National Centre for Earth Science Studies, National Institute of Ocean Technology, National Institute of Oceanography, India etc.[1]
The Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad is involved in the data collection of areas under Coral reefs using remote sensing.[1]
Laws and regulations
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change manages and guidelines for the protection of the Coral reefs in India. If the Coral reef region is under a protected area then it comes under the jurisdiction of the State Wild life department.[1]
The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification of 1991 gives protection to all marine resources. All types of coral reefs are protected under the CRZ1 category. Its Section 7 (2) prohibits the construction of beach resorts or hotels on coral reefs. In Certain States, the quarrying and collecting of massive corals are banned except for scientific purposes.[1]
List of Coral reefs
- Situated in the Bay of Bengal, exclusively fringing reefs of about 572 islands, most of these islands have a healthy biodiversity.[2]
- Exclusively consists of fringing reefs. The reefs are relatively less developed due to large range of temperature and high salinity. The harbours have less biodiversity. The entire Gulf of Kutch is also known as a marine national park.[3]
- Fringing reefs with a chain of 21 islands from Rameswaram in the north to Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) in the south. This part of the gulf forms part of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve.[4]
- Exclusively coral atolls with 36 islands, of which 10 are inhabited. The islands range from less than 1 km (0.62 mi) to about 9 km (5.6 mi) in length, and do not exceed 2 km (1.2 mi) in width.[5]
- Others
- Tarkarli in Malwan, Maharashtra is a smaller reef. There are some coral reefs around small inlets in the western part of the Gulf of Khambat. Angria Bank is a coral reef off Vijaydurg in Maharashtra. There is a coral reef in Netrani Island in Karnataka. Shell reef in Gulf of Kutch is a shell shaped reef made from bio rock and decorated with coral in the deep waters of Gulf of Kutch, off the coast of Gujarat. It helps Coral Polyps to get healed 20% faster than usual.There is a coral reef near the sea between Chandrabhaga coast and Ramachandi in the Konark area of Odisha.
Gallery
-
Gulf of Kutch on the left; image by NASA Earth Observatory -
-
Scene at Lakshadweep Island -
North Sentinel Island is an island in the group of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Vineeta Hoon. "Coral Reefs of India: Review of Their Extent, Condition, Research and Management Status by Vineeta Hoon". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Planning Commission of India (2008). Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report. State Development Report series (illustrated ed.). Academic Foundation. ISBN 81-7188-652-3. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ Apte, Deepak. "Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh: A conservation challenge" (PDF). Bombay Natural History Society: 26–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ UNDP (1994). "Conservation and Sustainable-use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve's Coastal Biodiversity" (PDF). UNDP, Project Brief, New York. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ "Location, Area and Population". lakshadweep.nic.in. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coral reefs in India.
- Coral Reefs in India – National Biodiversity Authority of India
- Official website – National Institute of Oceanography
 | This India-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |