Ouvrage Kobenbusch: Difference between revisions

Ouvrage Kobenbusch
Ouvrage Kobenbusch
Type of work:	Large artillery work (Gros ouvrage)
sector; └─sub-sector	Fortified Sector of Thionville; └─Hettange-Grande
Work number:	A13
Regiment:	169th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF), 151st Position Artillery Regiment (RAP)
Number of blocks:	9
Strength:	14 officers, 513 men

Ouvrage Kobenbusch
Ouvrage Kobenbusch
Part of Maginot Line
Northeast France
	Ammunition entrance
	Ouvrage Kobenbusch
Coordinates	49°26′02″N 6°14′17″E / 49.43382°N 6.23796°E
Site information
Controlled by	France
Open to; the public	Surface only
Condition	Flooded
Site history
Built by	CORF
Materials	Concrete, steel, deep excavation
Battles/wars	Battle of France, Lorraine Campaign

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Ouvrage du Kobenbusch is a gros ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Thionville in the Cattenom forest. It possesses seven combat blocks and two entrance blocks, one for ammunition and the other for men. It is located between petit ouvrage Bois-Karre and petit ouvrage Oberheid, and was named for the surrounding Kobenbusch forest.

The position saw little action during World War II. Its deep passages have been flooded by the construction of a cooling water lake for a nearby nuclear power plant, but its surface features are being developed with an interpretive path through the surrounding forest.

Design and construction

The Kobenbusch position forms the point of the Cattenom salient, where the east-west defensive line turns to the south.^[1] The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in 1930. Work by the contractor Verdun-Fortifications began in 1931,^[2] and the position became operational in 1935,^[3] at a cost of 65 million francs.^[4]^[5]

Kobenbusch was served by a 60 cm-gauge narrow-gauge railway, which enters at the munitions entrance and runs all the way out through the galleries to the combat blocks. On the surface, the railway connects to supply points to the rear and to other ouvrages.^{[nb 1]}

Description

Kobenbusch is a relatively compact gros ouvrage, with a short main gallery leading in from the munitions and personnel entrances past to underground barracks to the combat blocks. Unusually for a gros ouvrage, it possesses no "M1" main ammunition magazine.^[2]

Ammunition entrance: Shaft entry, two automatic rifle cloches (GFM), 3 FM embrasures and a machine gun/47mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC47) embrasure.^[8]
Personnel entrance: Shaft entry, one GFM cloche and one JM/AC47 embrasure.^[9]
Block 1: one machine gun turret and GFM cloche.^[10]
Block 2: one machine gun embrasure (JM), a JM/AC47 embrasure and two GFM cloches.^[11]
Block 3: one observation cloche (VDP) and a GFM cloche.^[12]
Block 4: one machine-gun turret, a machine gun cloche (JM) and a GM cloche.^[13]
Block 5: one 75mm turret and a GFm cloche.^[14]
Block 6: one 50mm mortar turret and a GFM cloche.^[15]
Block 7: three 75mm gun embrasures, two GFM cloches and a grenade launcher cloche (LG).^[16]

Block 2, embrasures and the diamant ditch

.

Casemates and shelters

The Abri du Bois-de-Cattenom^{[nb 2]} is nearby to the west, and may be visited.^[18] There are no other casemates, observation points or shelters associated with Kobenbusch, although the petit ouvrage Oberheid is close at hand on the east.^[2]

Manning

The manning of the ouvrage in 1940 comprised 513 men and 14 officers of the 169th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 151st Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 42nd Fortress Corps of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2.^[19] The commandant de l'ouvrage in 1940 was Commandant Charnal.^[2] The Casernement de Cattenom provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Kobenbusch and other ouvrages in the area.^[20]

History

See Fortified Sector of Thionville for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Thionville sector of the Maginot Line.

Kobenbusch did not see significant action in the Battle of France in 1940, nor in the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. Kobenbusch provided suppressing fire against German infiltrators on the surface of Oberheid. About the same time, a party of Germans infiltrated the area of Kobenbusch Block 5.^[21] The Germans largely bypassed the area, advancing along the valley of the Meuse and Saar rivers, threatening the rear of the Thionville sector. An order to fortress troops by sector commander Colonel Jean-Patrice O'Sullivan to prepare for withdrawal on 17 June was reversed by O'Sullivan.^[22] The garrison therefore remained in place. Following negotiations, the positions on the left bank of the Moselle finally surrendered to the Germans on 30 June 1940.^[23]

Present status

While the entry and combat blocks remain visible, the underground galleries, barracks, ammunition magazine and utility areas, which lie at an average depth of 30 meters (98 ft) below the surface,^[24] have been flooded by the cooling water lake of the nearby Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant. The site has been owned by EDF since the construction of the power plant in 1981.^[25] It is maintained by the Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom, which manages Bois Karre, the Abri du Bois de Cattenom, Ouvrage Sentzich and Ouvrage Galgenberg. A pedestrian path through the surface installation is under development, and the Abri du Bois de Cattenom may be visited at times.^[18]^[26]

Notes

^ English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defensives in the form of walls and ditches.^[6] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.^[7]
^ An abri is an infantry shelter, sometimes underground or under earth cover. An abri in the main Maginot Line often closely resembles a casemate, but is more lightly armed and can hold more occupants.^[17]

References

^ "Kobenbusch" (in French). Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom. 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mary, Tome 3, p. 94
^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 25
^ Wahl, J.B. "Infanteriewerk (P.O.) Immerhof — A10" (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Mary, Tome 1, p. 52
^ Kaufmann 2006, p.13
^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 20
^ Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 1". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 2". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 3". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 4". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 5". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 6". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 7". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 14
^ ^a ^b Kaufmann 2011, p. 221
^ Mary, Tome 3, p. 79
^ Wahl, J.B. "Festungsabschnitt Thionville" (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
^ Mary, Tome 5, p. 208
^ Kauffmann 2006, pp. 168-169
^ Mary, Tome 5, p. 230
^ Mary, Tome 2, p. 35
^ Kaufmann 2011, p. 181
^ "Kobenbusch" (in French). Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom. 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

Bibliography

Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-84176-646-1
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006. ISBN 0-275-98345-5
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011. ISBN 978-1-84884-068-3
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. ISBN 2-908182-88-2 (in French)
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN 2-908182-97-1 (in French)
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN 2-913903-88-6 (in French)
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009. ISBN 978-2-35250-127-5 (in French)

External links

Ouvrage Kobenbusch official site
Kobenbusch at Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom (LM SFBC) (in French)
Gros Ouvrage du Kobenbusch (in French)
The Maginot Line
Kobenbusch at fortiff.be (in French)
Ouvrage du Kobenbusch at wikimaginot.eu (in French)
L'ouvrage du Kobenbusch at alsacemaginot.com (in French)

[8] English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defensives in the form of walls and ditches.^[6] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.^[7]

[19] An abri is an infantry shelter, sometimes underground or under earth cover. An abri in the main Maginot Line often closely resembles a casemate, but is more lightly armed and can hold more occupants.^[17]

[LMSFBC2-1] "Kobenbusch" (in French). Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom. 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[hetou3-1-2] Mary, Tome 3, p. 94

[kaufmann1-3] Kaufmann 2006, p. 25

[dkpl1-4] Wahl, J.B. "Infanteriewerk (P.O.) Immerhof — A10" (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[hetou1-1-5] Mary, Tome 1, p. 52

[6] Kaufmann 2006, p.13

[7] Kaufmann 2006, p. 20

[fortiffbe1a-9] Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe1b-10] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe1-11] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 1". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe2-12] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 2". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe3-13] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 3". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe4-14] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 4". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe5-15] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 5". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe6-16] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 6". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[fortiffbe7-17] Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 7". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

[18] Kaufmann 2006, p. 14

[kaufmann2011-20] Kaufmann 2011, p. 221

[21] Mary, Tome 3, p. 79

[dkpl0-22] Wahl, J.B. "Festungsabschnitt Thionville" (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 3 May 2010.

[hetou5-1-23] Mary, Tome 5, p. 208

[24] Kauffmann 2006, pp. 168-169

[25] Mary, Tome 5, p. 230

[hetou2-1-26] Mary, Tome 2, p. 35

[27] Kaufmann 2011, p. 181

[LMSFBC1-28] "Kobenbusch" (in French). Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom. 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

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[nb 2]

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@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 == Design and construction ==
-The Kobenbusch position forms the point of the Cattenom salient, where the east-west defensive line turns to the south.<ref name="LMSFBC2">{{cite web|url=http://forticat.com/spip.php?page=carte|title=Kobenbusch|date=2009|publisher=Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010}}</ref> The site was surveyed by CORF (''Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées''), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in 1930. Work by the contractor Verdun-Fortifications began in 1931,<ref name="hetou3-1">Mary, Tome 3, p. 94</ref> and the position became operational in 1935,<ref name="kaufmann1">Kaufmann 2006, p. 25</ref> at a cost of 65 million francs.<ref name="dkpl1">{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_Thionville/GO/Kobenbusch/Kobenbusch.html|title=Infanteriewerk (P.O.) Immerhof&nbsp;— A10 |last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=German|accessdate=11 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="hetou1-1">Mary, Tome 1, p. 52</ref>
+The Kobenbusch position forms the point of the Cattenom salient, where the east-west defensive line turns to the south.<ref name="LMSFBC2">{{cite web|url=http://forticat.com/spip.php?page=carte|title=Kobenbusch|date=2009|publisher=Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010}}</ref> The site was surveyed by CORF (''Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées''), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in 1930. Work by the contractor Verdun-Fortifications began in 1931,<ref name="hetou3-1">Mary, Tome 3, p. 94</ref> and the position became operational in 1935,<ref name="kaufmann1">Kaufmann 2006, p. 25</ref> at a cost of 65 million francs.<ref name="dkpl1">{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_Thionville/GO/Kobenbusch/Kobenbusch.html|title=Infanteriewerk (P.O.) Immerhof&nbsp;— A10 |last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=de|access-date=11 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="hetou1-1">Mary, Tome 1, p. 52</ref>
 Kobenbusch was served by a 60&nbsp;cm-gauge narrow-gauge railway, which enters at the munitions entrance and runs all the way out through the galleries to the combat blocks.  On the surface, the railway connects to supply points to the rear and to other ''ouvrages''.{{#tag:ref|English-language sources use the French term ''ouvrage'' as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defensives in the form of walls and ditches.<ref>Kaufmann 2006, p.13</ref> The literal translation of ''ouvrage'' in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A ''gros ouvrage'' is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a ''petit ouvrage'' is smaller, with lighter arms.<ref>Kaufmann 2006, p. 20</ref>|group="nb"}}
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 == Description ==
 Kobenbusch is a relatively compact ''gros ouvrage'', with a short main gallery leading in from the munitions and personnel entrances past to underground barracks to the combat blocks.  Unusually for a ''gros ouvrage'', it possesses no "M1" main ammunition magazine.<ref name="hetou3-1"/>
-* '''Ammunition entrance''': Shaft entry, two [[GFM cloche|automatic rifle cloches (GFM)]], 3 FM embrasures and a machine gun/[[AC 47 anti-tank gun|47mm anti-tank gun]] (JM/AC47) embrasure.<ref name="fortiffbe1a">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3363|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|last2=Aublet |first2=Jean-Louis |last3=Mainguin |first3=Sylvie|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010}}</ref>
+* '''Ammunition entrance''': Shaft entry, two [[GFM cloche|automatic rifle cloches (GFM)]], 3 FM embrasures and a machine gun/[[AC 47 anti-tank gun|47mm anti-tank gun]] (JM/AC47) embrasure.<ref name="fortiffbe1a">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3363|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|last2=Aublet |first2=Jean-Louis |last3=Mainguin |first3=Sylvie|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010}}</ref>
-* '''Personnel entrance''': Shaft entry, one GFM cloche and one JM/AC47 embrasure.<ref name="fortiffbe1b">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3363|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Personnel entrance''': Shaft entry, one GFM cloche and one JM/AC47 embrasure.<ref name="fortiffbe1b">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3363|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Entrée Munitions|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 1''': one machine gun turret and GFM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3355|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 1|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 1''': one machine gun turret and GFM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3355|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 1|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 2''': one machine gun embrasure (JM), a JM/AC47 embrasure and two GFM cloches.<ref name="fortiffbe2">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3356|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 2|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 2''': one machine gun embrasure (JM), a JM/AC47 embrasure and two GFM cloches.<ref name="fortiffbe2">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3356|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 2|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 3''': one [[VDP cloche|observation cloche (VDP)]] and a GFM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe3">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3357|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 3|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 3''': one [[VDP cloche|observation cloche (VDP)]] and a GFM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe3">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3357|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 3|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 4''': one machine-gun turret, a [[JM cloche|machine gun cloche (JM)]] and a GM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe4">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3358|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 4|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 4''': one machine-gun turret, a [[JM cloche|machine gun cloche (JM)]] and a GM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe4">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3358|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 4|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 5''': one 75mm turret and a GFm cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe5">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3359|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 5|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 5''': one 75mm turret and a GFm cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe5">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3359|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 5|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 6''': one 50mm mortar turret and a GFM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe6">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3360|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 6|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 6''': one 50mm mortar turret and a GFM cloche.<ref name="fortiffbe6">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3360|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 6|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
-* '''Block 7''': three 75mm gun embrasures, two GFM cloches and a [[LG cloche|grenade launcher cloche (LG)]].<ref name="fortiffbe7">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3361|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 7|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
+* '''Block 7''': three 75mm gun embrasures, two GFM cloches and a [[LG cloche|grenade launcher cloche (LG)]].<ref name="fortiffbe7">{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3361|title=Kobenbusch (go A13 du) Bloc 7|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 [[File:Kobenbusch-B2-2004-03-14.jpg|thumb|right|Block 2, embrasures and the diamant ditch]].
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 == Manning ==
-The manning of the ''ouvrage'' in 1940 comprised 513 men and 14 officers of the 169th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 151st Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 42nd Fortress Corps of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2.<ref>Mary, Tome 3, p. 79</ref> The ''commandant de l'ouvrage'' in 1940 was Commandant Charnal.<ref name="hetou3-1"/> The Casernement de Cattenom provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Kobenbusch and other ''ouvrages'' in the area.<ref name="dkpl0">{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_Thionville/SF_de_Thionville.html|title=Festungsabschnitt Thionville|last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=German|accessdate=3 May 2010}}</ref>
+The manning of the ''ouvrage'' in 1940 comprised 513 men and 14 officers of the 169th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 151st Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 42nd Fortress Corps of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2.<ref>Mary, Tome 3, p. 79</ref> The ''commandant de l'ouvrage'' in 1940 was Commandant Charnal.<ref name="hetou3-1"/> The Casernement de Cattenom provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Kobenbusch and other ''ouvrages'' in the area.<ref name="dkpl0">{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_Thionville/SF_de_Thionville.html|title=Festungsabschnitt Thionville|last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=de|access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref>
 == History ==
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 == Present status ==
-While the entry and combat blocks remain visible, the underground galleries, barracks, ammunition magazine and utility areas, which lie at an average depth of {{convert|30|m|ft|sp=us}} below the surface,<ref name="hetou2-1">Mary, Tome 2, p. 35</ref> have been flooded by the cooling water lake of the nearby [[Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant]].  The site has been owned by [[Électricité de France|EDF]] since the construction of the power plant in 1981.<ref>Kaufmann 2011, p. 181</ref> It is maintained by the ''Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom'', which manages Bois Karre, the Abri du Bois de Cattenom, [[Ouvrage Sentzich]] and [[Ouvrage Galgenberg]]. A pedestrian path through the surface installation is under development, and the Abri du Bois de Cattenom may be visited at times.<ref name="kaufmann2011"/><ref name="LMSFBC1">{{cite web|url=http://forticat.com/spip.php?article2|title=Kobenbusch|date=2009|publisher=Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom|language=French|accessdate=11 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929160959/http://www.forticat.com/spip.php?article2|archive-date=29 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+While the entry and combat blocks remain visible, the underground galleries, barracks, ammunition magazine and utility areas, which lie at an average depth of {{convert|30|m|ft|sp=us}} below the surface,<ref name="hetou2-1">Mary, Tome 2, p. 35</ref> have been flooded by the cooling water lake of the nearby [[Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant]].  The site has been owned by [[Électricité de France|EDF]] since the construction of the power plant in 1981.<ref>Kaufmann 2011, p. 181</ref> It is maintained by the ''Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom'', which manages Bois Karre, the Abri du Bois de Cattenom, [[Ouvrage Sentzich]] and [[Ouvrage Galgenberg]]. A pedestrian path through the surface installation is under development, and the Abri du Bois de Cattenom may be visited at times.<ref name="kaufmann2011"/><ref name="LMSFBC1">{{cite web|url=http://forticat.com/spip.php?article2|title=Kobenbusch|date=2009|publisher=Association Ligne Maginot du Secteur Fortifié du Bois de Cattenom|language=fr|access-date=11 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929160959/http://www.forticat.com/spip.php?article2|archive-date=29 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 == See also ==

v t e Maginot Line Ouvrages
Fortified Sector of the Escaut	Eth
Fortified Sector of Maubeuge	Les Sarts Bersillies La Salmagne Boussois
Fortified Sector of Montmédy	La Ferté Chesnois Thonnelle Vélosnes
Fortified Sector of the Crusnes	Ferme Chappy Fermont Latiremont Mauvais-Bois Bois-du-Four Bréhain Aumetz
Fortified Sector of Thionville	Rochonvillers Molvange Immerhof Soetrich Bois-Karre Kobenbusch Oberheid Galgenberg Sentzich Métrich Billig
Fortified Sector of Boulay	Hackenberg Coucou Mont des Welches Michelsberg Hobling Bousse Anzeling Berenbach Bovenberg Denting Village Coume Coume Annexe Nord Coume Coume Annexe Sud Mottenberg
Fortified Sector of Faulquemont	Kerfent Bambesch Einseling Laudrefang Ouvrage Téting
Fortified Sector of the Sarre	Haut-Poirier
Fortified Sector of Rohrbach	Welschhof Rohrbach Simserhof Schiesseck Otterbiel
Fortified Sector of the Vosges	Grand-Hohékirkel Lembach Four-à-Chaux
Fortified Sector of Haguenau	Hochwald Schoenenbourg
Petit Maginot Line	Alpine Line
Corsica	Defensive Organization of Corsica