Violence against healthcare professionals by country: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Doctors protest for a safe work environment.jpg|thumb|Doctors' protest demanding justice for a fellow doctor.]] |
[[File:Doctors protest for a safe work environment.jpg|thumb|Doctors' protest demanding justice for a fellow doctor.]] |
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The Indian Medical Association has reported that 75% of doctors face verbal or physical abuse in hospital premises and fear of violence was the most common cause for stress for 43% doctors.<ref>{{cite news |last1=May 4 |first1=Sushmi Dey {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Over 75% of doctors have faced violence at work, study finds India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Over-75-of-doctors-have-faced-violence-at-work-study-finds/articleshow/47143806.cms | |
The Indian Medical Association has reported that 75% of doctors face verbal or physical abuse in hospital premises and fear of violence was the most common cause for stress for 43% doctors.<ref>{{cite news |last1=May 4 |first1=Sushmi Dey {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated |title=Over 75% of doctors have faced violence at work, study finds India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Over-75-of-doctors-have-faced-violence-at-work-study-finds/articleshow/47143806.cms |access-date=14 June 2019 |work=The Times of India |publisher=Times of India |date=4 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name="IMAsurvey">{{cite news |last1=Perappadan |first1=Bindu Shajan |title=Majority of doctors in India fear violence, says IMA survey |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/majority-of-doctors-in-india-fear-violence-says-ima-survey/article19198919.ece |access-date=14 June 2019 |work=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu |date=2 July 2017}}</ref> The highest number of violence was reported at the point of emergency care and 70% of the cases of violence were initiated by the patient's relatives.<ref>{{cite news |title=75 percent of doctors have been attacked at work |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toierrorfound.cms?url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/75-per-cent-of-doctors-have-been-attacked-at-work-by-disgruntled-attendants-study-says/articleshow/49533759cms |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> The incidence of reported violent crimes against doctors in India has been increasing from 2006 to 2017, with the highest violence rate occurring in [[Delhi]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="2017epidemiology">{{cite journal |last1=Ranjan |first1=Rajesh |last2=Meenakshi |last3=Singh |first3=Mitasha |last4=Pal |first4=Ranabir |last5=Das |first5=JayantaK |last6=Gupta |first6=Sanjay |title=Epidemiology of violence against medical practitioners in a developing country (2006-2017) |journal=Journal of Health Research and Reviews |date=2018 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=153 |doi=10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_84_17 |s2cid=80667814 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ranjan |first1=Rajesh |title=View Image |url=http://www.jhrr.org/viewimage.asp?img=JHealthResRev_2018_5_3_153_248449_t2.jpg |website=www.jhrr.org |publisher=Journal of Health Research and Review in Developing Countries |access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref> |
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Factors attributed to violence against doctors are: absence of post graduate training in emergency medicine in India, poor quality of emergency care, poor mechanism for grievance redressal, poor emergency network among hospitals, poor communication skills of healthcare workers, resource poor emergency settings (fewer drugs, fewer facilities for investigations), high patient load, lack of proper training of healthcare staff, high work load and political interference in hospital affairs.<ref name="ghoshijmr"/><ref name="indiansubcontinent"/><ref name="clinicalpharmacology">{{cite journal |last1=Kapoor |first1=Mukul Chandra |title=Violence against the medical profession |journal=Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology |date=2017 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=145–147 |doi=10.4103/joacp.JOACP_102_17 |pmid=28781436 |pmc=5520583 |issn=0970-9185|doi-broken-date= |
Factors attributed to violence against doctors are: absence of post graduate training in emergency medicine in India, poor quality of emergency care, poor mechanism for grievance redressal, poor emergency network among hospitals, poor communication skills of healthcare workers, resource poor emergency settings (fewer drugs, fewer facilities for investigations), high patient load, lack of proper training of healthcare staff, high work load and political interference in hospital affairs.<ref name="ghoshijmr"/><ref name="indiansubcontinent"/><ref name="clinicalpharmacology">{{cite journal |last1=Kapoor |first1=Mukul Chandra |title=Violence against the medical profession |journal=Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology |date=2017 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=145–147 |doi=10.4103/joacp.JOACP_102_17 |pmid=28781436 |pmc=5520583 |issn=0970-9185|doi-broken-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> In addition, the high expectations of the public and their perception that all services should be available for free adds to the problem.<ref name="ghoshijmr"/> Unrestricted public access to all areas in government hospitals, coupled with lack of security, surveillance and mob-preventing-drills increase the risk of violence.<ref name="ghoshijmr"/> The decreased civic responsibility showed by the public and the negative image of doctors portrayed in the media are also some factors that result in violence against doctors.<ref name="ghoshijmr"/><ref name="indiansubcontinent"/><ref name="clinicalpharmacology"/> At the psychiatry department, the violence of the patients were directed more to nurses than doctors and to women than men.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Binder|first1=R. L.|last2=McNiel|first2=D. E.|date=1994|title=Staff gender and risk of assault on doctors and nurses|journal=The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law|volume=22|issue=4|pages=545–550|issn=0091-634X|pmid=7718927}}</ref> |
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In a tertiary care hospital in [[Delhi]], 40% of doctors reported being exposed to violence in the last year. The point of delivery of emergency services was the most common place of violence and verbal abuse was the most common form of violence. The most common symptoms experienced by the doctors who were subjected to violence were anger, frustration and irritability. Out of those who were exposed to violence, only 44% reported the incidence to the authorities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Tanu |last2=Grover |first2=Shekhar |last3=Kumar |first3=Rajesh |last4=Kumar |first4=Madhan |last5=Ingle |first5=Gopal Krishna |title=Workplace violence against resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi |journal=The National Medical Journal of India |date=November 2016 |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=344–348 |pmid=28327484 |issn=0970-258X}}</ref><section end="Background"/> |
In a tertiary care hospital in [[Delhi]], 40% of doctors reported being exposed to violence in the last year. The point of delivery of emergency services was the most common place of violence and verbal abuse was the most common form of violence. The most common symptoms experienced by the doctors who were subjected to violence were anger, frustration and irritability. Out of those who were exposed to violence, only 44% reported the incidence to the authorities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Tanu |last2=Grover |first2=Shekhar |last3=Kumar |first3=Rajesh |last4=Kumar |first4=Madhan |last5=Ingle |first5=Gopal Krishna |title=Workplace violence against resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi |journal=The National Medical Journal of India |date=November 2016 |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=344–348 |pmid=28327484 |issn=0970-258X}}</ref><section end="Background"/> |
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Revision as of 17:28, 18 January 2021
Violence against healthcare professional has occurred in the form of physical violence, verbal abuse, aggressive gesture, blackmailing, and cyber bullying.[1] Violence against doctors has been observed in the United States, Australia, India, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and others.[2]
Australia
In 2019, a survey showed that in the last three years, there has been a 48 percent increase in assaults against nurses in Queensland. In New South Wales the acts assaults against nurses increased by 44 percent over the same period.[3]
India
The Indian Medical Association has reported that 75% of doctors face verbal or physical abuse in hospital premises and fear of violence was the most common cause for stress for 43% doctors.[4][5] The highest number of violence was reported at the point of emergency care and 70% of the cases of violence were initiated by the patient's relatives.[6] The incidence of reported violent crimes against doctors in India has been increasing from 2006 to 2017, with the highest violence rate occurring in Delhi, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.[7][8]
Factors attributed to violence against doctors are: absence of post graduate training in emergency medicine in India, poor quality of emergency care, poor mechanism for grievance redressal, poor emergency network among hospitals, poor communication skills of healthcare workers, resource poor emergency settings (fewer drugs, fewer facilities for investigations), high patient load, lack of proper training of healthcare staff, high work load and political interference in hospital affairs.[1][2][9] In addition, the high expectations of the public and their perception that all services should be available for free adds to the problem.[1] Unrestricted public access to all areas in government hospitals, coupled with lack of security, surveillance and mob-preventing-drills increase the risk of violence.[1] The decreased civic responsibility showed by the public and the negative image of doctors portrayed in the media are also some factors that result in violence against doctors.[1][2][9] At the psychiatry department, the violence of the patients were directed more to nurses than doctors and to women than men.[10]
In a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, 40% of doctors reported being exposed to violence in the last year. The point of delivery of emergency services was the most common place of violence and verbal abuse was the most common form of violence. The most common symptoms experienced by the doctors who were subjected to violence were anger, frustration and irritability. Out of those who were exposed to violence, only 44% reported the incidence to the authorities.[11]
Due to the increasing reports of violence against doctors, the main source of stress for doctors was fear of violence, followed by fear of being sued. In India, 62% of doctors who answered a survey reported that they were unable to see their patients without any fear of violence, and 57% had considered hiring security staff at their workplace.[5]
China
In China, a 2019 survey by Dingxiang Yuan, a website for healthcare professionals, showed that 85% of doctors had experienced violence in their workplace.[12]
A survey conducted in 2008 found that 80% of healthcare professionals agreed that the doctor–patient relationship was poor or very poor.[13]
The 2014 survey conducted by the Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA) found that the 60% of medical professionals surveyed had faced verbal abuse from patients and their relatives and 13% of the professionals had been physically assaulted and harmed.[13]
United States
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the intentional injury rate for private hospital employees was five times higher than the national rate of all other private industries.[14]
A 2018 survey conducted by the American College of Emergency Physicians showed that out of more than 3,500 E.R. doctors, 47% of the doctors had been assaulted. 97% of the time, the assailant was a patient.[14]
Measures for reducing violence
In the past 10 years, nineteen state governments of India have passed laws for the safeguard of physicians. However, the law could not be effectively implemented due to resistance from administration.[15] Some suggestions for reducing violence against healthcare staff are: posting security personnel at the hospital entrance, confiscation of weapons before entering the hospital, mandatory registration for all visitors at the reception, restricting the number of bystanders to two for every patient, displaying of laws related to punishment for assaulting healthcare staff on the walls of hospitals, creation of an emergency protocol and evacuation plan in case of major violence.[2] Giving training on communication skills for healthcare staff and providing the services of counselors for emotional support could likely reduce violence.[2]
In December 2019 in China, those "disturbing the medical environment, or harming medical workers' safety and dignity" will be subjected to administrative punishments such as detention or a fine under a new law effective from 1 June 2020.[12]
References
- ^ a b c d e Ghosh, Kanjaksha (2018). "Violence against doctors: A wake-up call". The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 148 (2): 130–133. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1299_17. ISSN 0971-5916. PMC 6206759. PMID 30381535.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e Ambesh, Paurush (1 September 2016). "Violence against doctors in the Indian subcontinent: A rising bane". Indian Heart Journal. 68 (5): 749–750. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2016.07.023. ISSN 0019-4832. PMC 5079199. PMID 27773420.
- ^ "Rates of violence against nurses in hospitals increasing rapidly". ABC. 11 June 2019.
- ^ May 4, Sushmi Dey | TNN | Updated (4 May 2015). "Over 75% of doctors have faced violence at work, study finds India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Times of India. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (2 July 2017). "Majority of doctors in India fear violence, says IMA survey". The Hindu. The Hindu. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "75 percent of doctors have been attacked at work". timesofindia.indiatimes.com.
- ^ Ranjan, Rajesh; Meenakshi; Singh, Mitasha; Pal, Ranabir; Das, JayantaK; Gupta, Sanjay (2018). "Epidemiology of violence against medical practitioners in a developing country (2006-2017)". Journal of Health Research and Reviews. 5 (3): 153. doi:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_84_17. S2CID 80667814.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Ranjan, Rajesh. "View Image". www.jhrr.org. Journal of Health Research and Review in Developing Countries. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ a b Kapoor, Mukul Chandra (2017). "Violence against the medical profession". Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 33 (2): 145–147. doi:10.4103/joacp.JOACP_102_17 (inactive 18 January 2021). ISSN 0970-9185. PMC 5520583. PMID 28781436.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Binder, R. L.; McNiel, D. E. (1994). "Staff gender and risk of assault on doctors and nurses". The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 22 (4): 545–550. ISSN 0091-634X. PMID 7718927.
- ^ Anand, Tanu; Grover, Shekhar; Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, Madhan; Ingle, Gopal Krishna (November 2016). "Workplace violence against resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi". The National Medical Journal of India. 29 (6): 344–348. ISSN 0970-258X. PMID 28327484.
- ^ a b "China launches new law to protect doctors". BBC.
- ^ a b "The vicious circle of patientphysician mistrust in China" (PDF). Harvard Library.
- ^ a b "Violence Toward E.R. Nurses and Doctors Is the 'Dirty Little Secret' of Health Care". NBC New York. 20 February 2020.
- ^ Nagpal, Neeraj (March 2017). "Incidents of violence against doctors in India: Can these be prevented?". The National Medical Journal of India. 30 (2): 97–100. ISSN 0970-258X. PMID 28816220.
