Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli: Difference between revisions
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{{Campaignbox First Nagorno-Karabakh War}} |
{{Campaignbox First Nagorno-Karabakh War}} |
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'''Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli''' or '''Malibeyli and Gushchular massacre''' ({{lang-az|Malıbəyli və Quşçular qətliamı}}) were incidents in which 8,<ref name=HW>{{cite book |title=Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh |last1=Denber |first1=Rachel |last2=Goldman |first2=Robert K. |year=1992 |publisher= Praeger Publishers |isbn= 0-275-96241-5 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ywAU3VomIpkC/page/n30 24]–27 |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ywAU3VomIpkC |quote=Kalbajar. |access-date= 2010-12-20}}</ref> |
'''Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli''' or '''Malibeyli and Gushchular massacre''' ({{lang-az|Malıbəyli və Quşçular qətliamı}}) were incidents in which 8,<ref name=HW>{{cite book |title=Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh |last1=Denber |first1=Rachel |last2=Goldman |first2=Robert K. |year=1992 |publisher= Praeger Publishers |isbn= 0-275-96241-5 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ywAU3VomIpkC/page/n30 24]–27 |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ywAU3VomIpkC |quote=Kalbajar. |access-date= 2010-12-20}}</ref> or possibly as high as 50{{efn|According to Azerbaijani government<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azembassy.kz/news/images/press-eYNah.pdf |title=Press-Release, Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan |access-date=March 5, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} ethnic Azerbaijani civilians were killed by Armenian irregular armed units in simultaneous attacks on the villages of [[Malıbəyli|Malibeyli]], [[Aşağı Quşçular|Ashaghi Gushchular]], and [[Yuxarı Quşçular|Yukhari Gushchular]] in the [[Shusha District]] of [[Azerbaijan]], on February 10–12, 1992 during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]].<ref name=vdLeeuw> |
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|url=http://www.azembassy.kz/news/images/press-eYNah.pdf |
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|title=Press-Release, Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan |
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|access-date=March 5, 2012 |
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}}{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ethnic Azerbaijani civilians were killed by Armenian irregular armed units in simultaneous attacks on the villages of [[Malıbəyli|Malibeyli]], [[Aşağı Quşçular|Ashaghi Gushchular]], and [[Yuxarı Quşçular|Yukhari Gushchular]] of [[Shusha District]] of [[Azerbaijan]], on February 10–12, 1992 during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]].<ref name=vdLeeuw> |
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{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: A quest for identity |last1=Charles |first1=van der Leeuw|year=2000 |publisher= Palgrave Macmillan |isbn= 0-312-21903-2}}</ref> |
{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: A quest for identity |last1=Charles |first1=van der Leeuw|year=2000 |publisher= Palgrave Macmillan |isbn= 0-312-21903-2}}</ref> |
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==Overview== |
== Overview == |
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According to the Memorial, the villages of [[Malıbəyli|Malibeyli]] and [[Yuxarı Quşçular|Gushchular]] were attacked by Armenian irregular armed units where the houses were burned and several civilians were killed. Both sides accused the other of using the villages as strategic gathering points, covering the artillery positions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/karabah/HOJALY/Chapter1.htm#_VPID_5 |title="Доклад правозащитного центра "Мемориал" о массовых нарушениях прав человека, связанных с занятием населенного пункта Ходжалы в ночь с 25 на 26 февраля 1992 г. вооружёнными формированиями." Memorial. |access-date=March 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731043945/http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/karabah/Hojaly/Chapter1.htm#_VPID_5 |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to several eyewitnesses, the Azerbaijani self-defense forces were mixed in with civilians as they fled.<ref name=HW/> |
According to the Memorial, the villages of [[Malıbəyli|Malibeyli]] and [[Yuxarı Quşçular|Gushchular]] were attacked by Armenian irregular armed units where the houses were burned and several civilians were killed. Both sides accused the other of using the villages as strategic gathering points, covering the artillery positions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/karabah/HOJALY/Chapter1.htm#_VPID_5 |title="Доклад правозащитного центра "Мемориал" о массовых нарушениях прав человека, связанных с занятием населенного пункта Ходжалы в ночь с 25 на 26 февраля 1992 г. вооружёнными формированиями." Memorial. |access-date=March 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731043945/http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/karabah/Hojaly/Chapter1.htm#_VPID_5 |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to several eyewitnesses, the Azerbaijani self-defense forces were mixed in with civilians as they fled.<ref name=HW/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of massacres |
*[[List of massacres of Azerbaijanis]] |
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*[[Capture of Shusha]] |
*[[Capture of Shusha]] |
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*[[Khojaly massacre]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{notelist}} |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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Revision as of 09:33, 1 March 2021
 | This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (February 2016) |
| Date | February 10–12, 1992 |
|---|---|
| Location | Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, Yukhari Gushchular villages of Shusha District, Azerbaijan |
| Participants | Armenian irregular armed units |
| Outcome | 8[1]-50[2] civilians killed |
Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli or Malibeyli and Gushchular massacre (Template:Lang-az) were incidents in which 8,[1] or possibly as high as 50[a] ethnic Azerbaijani civilians were killed by Armenian irregular armed units in simultaneous attacks on the villages of Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, and Yukhari Gushchular in the Shusha District of Azerbaijan, on February 10–12, 1992 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.[4]
Overview
According to the Memorial, the villages of Malibeyli and Gushchular were attacked by Armenian irregular armed units where the houses were burned and several civilians were killed. Both sides accused the other of using the villages as strategic gathering points, covering the artillery positions.[5] According to several eyewitnesses, the Azerbaijani self-defense forces were mixed in with civilians as they fled.[1]
Azerbaijani populated villages of Malibeyli and Gushchular (administratively separated as Ashaghi Gushchular and Yukhari Gushchular) of Shusha District of Azerbaijan are located in the highlands of Karabakh region, close to the regional center of Shusha. The villages had a population of nearly 4,000 people and shared the same village administration. Like Khojaly in 1988, Gushchular and Malibeyli received Azerbaijani refugees from Armenia. The figure ranged from 580 to 1500.[1] When the Nagorno–Karabakh conflict started, the villages became one of the main targets of Armenian armed units. Since October 1991, Malibeyli was in complete blockade.[1][6][7][8]
A report in the newspaper Express Chronicle asserted that on February 5, a helicopter distributed warning leaflets telling villagers they had two days to leave the village before it "would cease to exist", however, no interviews confirmed this report.[1] Since October 1991, the residents were confined to their villages and the only way in or out was by helicopter.[1] The last helicopter to fly into Shusha district was shot down by Armenians on January 28. At midnight on February 10, Armenian armed units, reportedly aided by Russian troops, stormed Malibeyli village. The women and children from Malibeyli fled to Gushchular village. Inhabitants of both villages took positions and fought the enemy until 9 am. All roads to the nearby towns of Shusha and Khojaly were cut off. The closest village was Abdal Gulbaly of Agdam District and required passage through Armenian-held villages. Most of the armed ethnic Armenians were volunteers from Syria, Lebanon, the United States, and France.[4][9] Seizure of Malibeyli and Gushchular villages by Armenian forces took place during the presence of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe peacekeeping mission in Karabakh and set Shusha and Khojaly in full blockade.[10][11][12][13][third-party source needed]
Malibeyli and Gushchular were attacked by Armenian armored personnel carriers and heavy artillery after large-scale Azerbaijani ground assault against Stepanakert and with the aim to end the shelling of neighboring Armenian villages by Azerbaijani forces.[1][14]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Denber, Rachel; Goldman, Robert K. (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Praeger Publishers. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
Kalbajar.
- ^ "Press-Release, Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan" (PDF). Retrieved March 5, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Press-Release, Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan" (PDF). Retrieved March 5, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Charles, van der Leeuw (2000). Azerbaijan: A quest for identity. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-21903-2.
- ^ ""Доклад правозащитного центра "Мемориал" о массовых нарушениях прав человека, связанных с занятием населенного пункта Ходжалы в ночь с 25 на 26 февраля 1992 г. вооружёнными формированиями." Memorial". Archived from the original on July 31, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "ПРОШЛО 18 ЛЕТ СО ДНЯ ОККУПАЦИИ СЕЛ МАЛЫБЕЙЛИ И ГУШЧУЛАР ШУШИ. ПО ЭТОМУ СЛУЧАЮ СОСТОЯЛАСЬ ЦЕРЕМОНИЯ ПОЧТЕНИЯ ПАМЯТИ ПОГИБШИХ". Azerbaijan Community of Nagorno Karabakh. February 11, 2010. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
- ^ Cornell, Svante (2001). Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus (Caucasus World). Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 0-7007-1162-7.
- ^ de Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden. New York University Press. p. 166. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9.
- ^ Markar, Melkonian (2008). My brother's road. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-530-2.
- ^ [dead link] "НЕОБЪЯВЛЕННАЯ ВОЙНА ПРОТИВ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА". Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ "Ходжалы – первоочередная мишень". Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ "Ходжалинский геноцид – чудовищная трагедия ХХ века". Novosti Azerbaijan. February 26, 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ T. Atayev. "Геополитический фон вокруг Карабаха в начале 90-х гг". Ekho. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ Croissant, Michael P. (2006). The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: causes and implications. Praeger Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
Following the collapse of the large-scale Azerbaijani ground assault against Stepanakert by the first week of February, ethnic Armenian forces went on the offensive in areas to the north and southwest of the Karabakh capital. With the stated objective of "suppress[ing ] Azeri fire emplacements," Armenian forces took the village of Malybeyli on 11 February and began a major assault towards Khojaly, a town with both strategic and symbolic value several kilometers north of Stepanakert.
