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{{Short description|Hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval Armenia}} |
{{Short description|Hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval Armenia}} |
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'''''Sparapet''''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:սպարապետ|սպարապետ]]}}) was a hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval [[Armenia]]. It originated in the 2nd century BC,<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Suren Yeremian|first=Suren|last=Yeremian|contribution=Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում [Armenia During the Hellenistic Era]|title=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]], volume "Soviet Armenia"|location=Yerevan|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|language=hy|year=1987| |
'''''Sparapet''''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:սպարապետ|սպարապետ]]}}) was a hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval [[Armenia]]. It originated in the 2nd century BC,<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Suren Yeremian|first=Suren|last=Yeremian|contribution=Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում [Armenia During the Hellenistic Era]|title=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]], volume "Soviet Armenia"|location=Yerevan|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|language=hy|year=1987|page=98}}</ref> under the reign of King [[Artaxias I]], and was used in the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] and the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] (in Cilicia, the bearer of the title was known as a '''''Gundstabl''''' (գունդստաբլ, from the Byzantine and Western title of [[constable]]). ''Sparapet'' was the equivalent of the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] ''[[Spahbed]]'' from which it is borrowed (cf. [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] ''[[spaspet]]'' "high constable, [[commander in chief]]"). |
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The title of ''Sparapet'' was traditionally held by the representatives of the House of [[Mamikonian]] since the beginning of the rule of the Arsacid kings of Armenia. Later in history, the title was held by the [[Bagratuni Dynasty|Bagratuni]] and [[Ardzruni|Artsruni]] dynasties. |
The title of ''Sparapet'' was traditionally held by the representatives of the House of [[Mamikonian]] since the beginning of the rule of the Arsacid kings of Armenia. Later in history, the title was held by the [[Bagratuni Dynasty|Bagratuni]] and [[Ardzruni|Artsruni]] dynasties. |
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The title "Sparapet of [[Syunik (historic province)|Syunik]]" (Սյունյաց սպարապետ) was held by the [[Garegin Nzhdeh]], as supreme commander of the [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]], in 1920–21.<ref>{{cite web|title=Նժդեհ Գարեգին|url=http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1285|website=encyclopedia.am|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia]]|language=hy|quote=Դեկտեմբերի 25-ին հռչակվել է Սյունիքի ինքնավարությունը, Նժդեհն ընտրվել է Սյունյաց սպարապետ:}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Որ զանգը զուր չհնչի|url=http://www.aravot.am/2011/04/27/341026/|work=[[Aravot]]|date=27 April 2011|language=hy|quote=1920 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Տաթեւում գումարված համազանգեզուրյան առաջին համագումարում Սյունիքը հռչակվեց ինքնավար: Նժդեհն ընտրվեց Սյունյաց սպարապետ՝ դիկտատորի իրավունքներով:}}</ref> |
The title "Sparapet of [[Syunik (historic province)|Syunik]]" (Սյունյաց սպարապետ) was held by the [[Garegin Nzhdeh]], as supreme commander of the [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]], in 1920–21.<ref>{{cite web|title=Նժդեհ Գարեգին|url=http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1285|website=encyclopedia.am|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia]]|language=hy|quote=Դեկտեմբերի 25-ին հռչակվել է Սյունիքի ինքնավարությունը, Նժդեհն ընտրվել է Սյունյաց սպարապետ:}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Որ զանգը զուր չհնչի|url=http://www.aravot.am/2011/04/27/341026/|work=[[Aravot]]|date=27 April 2011|language=hy|quote=1920 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Տաթեւում գումարված համազանգեզուրյան առաջին համագումարում Սյունիքը հռչակվեց ինքնավար: Նժդեհն ընտրվեց Սյունյաց սպարապետ՝ դիկտատորի իրավունքներով:}}</ref> |
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The title is also used for the Grand Commander of the [[Knights of Vartan]], an [[Armenian-American]] fraternal order. The title was held by [[Alex Manoogian]] during his leadership of that organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alex Manoogyan|url=http://www.persons.am/en/infop.php?id=3201|website=persons.am| |
The title is also used for the Grand Commander of the [[Knights of Vartan]], an [[Armenian-American]] fraternal order. The title was held by [[Alex Manoogian]] during his leadership of that organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alex Manoogyan|url=http://www.persons.am/en/infop.php?id=3201|website=persons.am|access-date=15 November 2014}}</ref> |
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[[Vazgen Sargsyan]], Armenia's Defense Minister in 1991-92 and 1995–99,<ref>{{cite web|title=Vazgen Sargsyan |url=http://gov.am/en/prime-ministers/info/90 |publisher=Government of the Republic of Armenia | |
[[Vazgen Sargsyan]], Armenia's Defense Minister in 1991-92 and 1995–99,<ref>{{cite web|title=Vazgen Sargsyan |url=http://gov.am/en/prime-ministers/info/90 |publisher=Government of the Republic of Armenia |access-date=30 March 2013 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620041228/http://gov.am/en/prime-ministers/info/90 |archive-date=June 20, 2014 }}</ref> is often informally referred to as Sparapet in recognition of his leadership during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]].<ref>{{cite web|title=50th Anniversary of Birth of Sparapet|url=http://www.ysu.am/news/en/vP8TGlrds617U7oZTs13TRqafb|publisher=[[Yerevan State University]]|access-date=3 July 2014|date=20 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenians commemorate Sparapet Vazgen Sargsyan|url=http://en.a1plus.am/1183798.html|access-date=3 July 2014|work=[[A1plus]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | title = ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period | last = Chaumont | first = M. L. | authorlink = | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-ii | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4 | pages = |
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period | last = Chaumont | first = M. L. | authorlink = | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-ii | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4 | pages = 418–438 | location = | publisher = | year = 1986 | isbn = }} |
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* {{ODLA|last=La Porta|first=Sergio|title=Sparapet|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-4457?rskey=1n7H76&result=39|ref=harv}} |
* {{ODLA|last=La Porta|first=Sergio|title=Sparapet|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-4457?rskey=1n7H76&result=39|ref=harv}} |
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Revision as of 14:27, 2 March 2021
Sparapet (Template:Lang-hy) was a hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval Armenia. It originated in the 2nd century BC,[1] under the reign of King Artaxias I, and was used in the Kingdom of Armenia and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (in Cilicia, the bearer of the title was known as a Gundstabl (գունդստաբլ, from the Byzantine and Western title of constable). Sparapet was the equivalent of the Parthian Spahbed from which it is borrowed (cf. Georgian spaspet "high constable, commander in chief").
The title of Sparapet was traditionally held by the representatives of the House of Mamikonian since the beginning of the rule of the Arsacid kings of Armenia. Later in history, the title was held by the Bagratuni and Artsruni dynasties.
Modern usage
The 18th century commander Mkhitar Sparapet led the Armenian efforts for independence in Syunik (Zangezur) region.
The title "Sparapet of Syunik" (Սյունյաց սպարապետ) was held by the Garegin Nzhdeh, as supreme commander of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia, in 1920–21.[2][3]
The title is also used for the Grand Commander of the Knights of Vartan, an Armenian-American fraternal order. The title was held by Alex Manoogian during his leadership of that organization.[4]
Vazgen Sargsyan, Armenia's Defense Minister in 1991-92 and 1995–99,[5] is often informally referred to as Sparapet in recognition of his leadership during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.[6][7]
References
- ^ Yeremian, Suren (1987). "Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում [Armenia During the Hellenistic Era]". Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia, volume "Soviet Armenia" (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. p. 98.
- ^ "Նժդեհ Գարեգին". encyclopedia.am (in Armenian). Armenian Encyclopedia.
Դեկտեմբերի 25-ին հռչակվել է Սյունիքի ինքնավարությունը, Նժդեհն ընտրվել է Սյունյաց սպարապետ:
- ^ "Որ զանգը զուր չհնչի". Aravot (in Armenian). 27 April 2011.
1920 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Տաթեւում գումարված համազանգեզուրյան առաջին համագումարում Սյունիքը հռչակվեց ինքնավար: Նժդեհն ընտրվեց Սյունյաց սպարապետ՝ դիկտատորի իրավունքներով:
- ^ "Alex Manoogyan". persons.am. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ "Vazgen Sargsyan". Government of the Republic of Armenia. Archived from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "50th Anniversary of Birth of Sparapet". Yerevan State University. 20 March 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- ^ "Armenians commemorate Sparapet Vazgen Sargsyan". A1plus. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
External links
- Chaumont, M. L. (1986). "ARMENIA AND IRAN ii. The pre-Islamic period". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4. pp. 418–438.
- La Porta, Sergio (2018). "Sparapet". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
See also
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