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==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Ann Donovan was born circa 1727.<ref name="Humphrey">{{Cite web |last=Humphrey |first=Carol Ann |title=Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=American National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146}}</ref>{{efn|She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,<ref name="Appleby" /> and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,<ref name="Humphrey" /> who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698|page=73 |editor=Filby, P. William, ed. |work=Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |publisher= Gale Research |year= 2012 }}</ref> A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728&ndash;1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donavan |location=Charleston County, South Carolina |work=South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts }}</ref> A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.carolana.com/SC/eBooks/SCHGM/The_South_Carolina_Historical_and_Genealogical_Magazine_Volume_V.pdf|date=1904 |title=Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness |magazine=The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine | publisher=South Carolina Historical Society | location=Charleston, South Carolina |editor=A. S. Salley, Jr. |volume=5 |page=220 |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>}} She married [[Peter Timothy]] on December 8, 1745 in [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref name="Humphrey" /> Peter was the son of [[Elizabeth Timothy]] who operated the first permanent newspaper in South Carolina.<ref name="Appleby" /> Ann and Peter were believed to have had fifteen children, with seven of the children dying as infants.<ref name="Appleby" />{{efn|Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.<ref name="Founders" />}}
Ann Donovan was born circa 1727.<ref name="Humphrey">{{Cite web |last=Humphrey |first=Carol Ann |title=Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=American National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146}}</ref>{{efn|She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,<ref name="Appleby" /> and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,<ref name="Humphrey" /> who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698|page=73 |editor-last=Filby |editor-first=P. William |work=Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |publisher= Gale Research |date=2012}}</ref> A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728&ndash;1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donavan |location=Charleston County, South Carolina |work=South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts }}</ref> A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.carolana.com/SC/eBooks/SCHGM/The_South_Carolina_Historical_and_Genealogical_Magazine_Volume_V.pdf|date=1904 |title=Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness |magazine=The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine | publisher=South Carolina Historical Society | location=Charleston, South Carolina |editor=A. S. Salley, Jr. |volume=5 |page=220 |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>}} She married [[Peter Timothy]] on December 8, 1745 in [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref name="Humphrey" /> Peter was the son of [[Elizabeth Timothy]] who operated the first permanent newspaper in South Carolina.<ref name="Appleby" /> Ann and Peter were believed to have had fifteen children, with seven of the children dying as infants.<ref name="Appleby" />{{efn|Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.<ref name="Founders" />}}


Peter set sail for [[Santo Domingo]]<ref name="Appleby" /> within the [[West Indies]] in 1782, after Peter was captured during the [[Siege of Charleston]], exiled to [[St. Augustine, Florida]] for ten months for failing to take the loyalty oath, and was unable to return to Charleston.<ref name="SCE" /> Two of his daughters and a grandchild met up with Peter intending to travel to [[Antigua]] to visit one of his daughters. Family members perished during a storm off of the Delaware coast.<ref name="SCE">{{Cite web |title=Timothy, Peter |language=en-US |url=https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/timothy-peter/ |publisher=South Carolina Encyclopedia |first=Martha J. |last=King |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> Their surviving children, were Sarah, Robert (disabled), and Benjamin Franklin Timothy.<ref name="SCE" />
Peter set sail for [[Santo Domingo]]<ref name="Appleby" /> within the [[West Indies]] in 1782, after Peter was captured during the [[Siege of Charleston]], exiled to [[St. Augustine, Florida]] for ten months for failing to take the loyalty oath, and was unable to return to Charleston.<ref name="SCE" /> Two of his daughters and a grandchild met up with Peter intending to travel to [[Antigua]] to visit one of his daughters. Family members perished during a storm off of the Delaware coast.<ref name="SCE">{{Cite web |title=Timothy, Peter |language=en-US |url=https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/timothy-peter/ |publisher=South Carolina Encyclopedia |first=Martha J. |last=King |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> Their surviving children, were Sarah, Robert (disabled), and Benjamin Franklin Timothy.<ref name="SCE" />
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==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Girls inspecting eighteenth century press.jpg|thumb|An eighteenth century printing press]]
[[File:Girls inspecting eighteenth century press.jpg|thumb|An eighteenth century printing press]]
Timothy and her husband took over publishing the ''[[South Carolina Gazette]]'' from Peter's mother, Elizabeth Timothy.<ref name="Appleby">{{Cite book |last=Appleby |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwvCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA193&dq=%2522Ann+Timothy%2522+Donovan&hl=en |title=Encyclopedia of Women in American History |last2=Chang |first2=Eileen |last3=Goodwin |first3=Neva |date=2015-07-17 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47162-2 |pages=193 |language=en}}</ref> Peter wrote to [[Benjamin Franklin]] in 1772 that he was unable to continue publishing due to poor eyesight. He announced that he had pursued other lines of business, and also suggested that he would welcome "any Employment in His Majesty’s Service, that will not degrade me, which any Friend may think me fit for or can procure by his Interest."<ref name="Founders">{{Cite web |date=August 24, 1772 |title=Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-19-02-0186 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> After a break from March 1772 to November 1773, Peter resumed running the printing business.<ref name="Founders" />
Timothy and her husband took over publishing the ''[[South Carolina Gazette]]'' from Peter's mother, Elizabeth Timothy.<ref name="Appleby">{{Cite book |last=Appleby |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwvCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA193&dq=%2522Ann+Timothy%2522+Donovan&hl=en |title=Encyclopedia of Women in American History |last2=Chang |first2=Eileen |last3=Goodwin |first3=Neva |date=July 17, 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47162-2 |pages=193 |language=en}}</ref> Peter wrote to [[Benjamin Franklin]] in 1772 that he was unable to continue publishing due to poor eyesight. He announced that he had pursued other lines of business, and also suggested that he would welcome "any Employment in His Majesty’s Service, that will not degrade me, which any Friend may think me fit for or can procure by his Interest."<ref name="Founders">{{cite web |date=August 24, 1772 |title=Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-19-02-0186 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> After a break from March 1772 to November 1773, Peter resumed running the printing business.<ref name="Founders" />


Timothy continued to operate the newspaper after the presumed death of Peter.<ref name="Appleby" /> The newspaper operated out of the [[John Lining House]] at 106 [[Broad Street (Charleston, South Carolina)|Broad Street]] from 1783 to 1793.<ref name="Lining">{{Cite web |title=106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy) |url=https://charleston.pastperfectonline.com/archive/05E3E162-CD22-42F9-96B4-156744210337 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |website=Historic Charleston Foundation}}</ref>{{efn|An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.<ref name="Lining" />}} From 1785 to 1792, she was the official "Printer to the State. She worked until her death in 1792.<ref name="Appleby" /> Her son, Benjamin Franklin Timothy, continued the family printing business.<ref name="Founders" />
Timothy continued to operate the newspaper after the presumed death of Peter.<ref name="Appleby" /> The newspaper operated out of the [[John Lining House]] at 106 [[Broad Street (Charleston, South Carolina)|Broad Street]] from 1783 to 1793.<ref name="Lining">{{Cite web |title=106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy) |url=https://charleston.pastperfectonline.com/archive/05E3E162-CD22-42F9-96B4-156744210337 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |website=Historic Charleston Foundation}}</ref>{{efn|An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.<ref name="Lining" />}} From 1785 to 1792, she was the official "Printer to the State. She worked until her death in 1792.<ref name="Appleby" /> Her son, Benjamin Franklin Timothy, continued the family printing business.<ref name="Founders" />


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
She was one of a few women publishers before and shortly after the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="Appleton" /> Since printing was often a multi-generational family business, there were some printing families with two or more generations of women printers, which was the case with Timothy and her mother-in-law, [[Elizabeth Timothy]].<ref name="Colonial Women" /> It was often a financial necessity for widowed women in the printing profession to carry on the business.<ref name="Colonial Women" /> There were at least six women who were the official printers for various colonial governments, as Timothy did for the state of South Carolina.<ref name="Colonial Women">{{cite web| url= https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED186340.pdf |work=Women in American History: A Series |title=Book One Women In the Colonial Era and the The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820 |first1=Beverly |last1=Sanders |last2=American Federation of Teachers |date=June 2, 1980 |page=32}}</ref> According to a syndicated article, "Helped the Colonial Cause": "In nearly every case they advocated the colonial cause, and their editorials did much to arouse the spirit of patriotism in the men."<ref name="Appleton">{{Cite news |date=February 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693159/helped-the-colonial-cause-women-who/ |publisher=The Appleton Crescent |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |page=7 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause |pages=2 |work=Kenosha News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693224/helped-the-colonial-cause/ |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>
She was one of a few women publishers before and shortly after the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="Appleton" /> Since printing was often a multi-generational family business, there were some printing families with two or more generations of women printers, which was the case with Timothy and her mother-in-law, [[Elizabeth Timothy]].<ref name="Colonial Women" /> It was often a financial necessity for widowed women in the printing profession to carry on the business.<ref name="Colonial Women" /> There were at least six women who were the official printers for various colonial governments, as Timothy did for the state of South Carolina.<ref name="Colonial Women">{{cite web| url= https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED186340.pdf |work=Women in American History: A Series |title=Book One Women In the Colonial Era and the The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820 |first1=Beverly |last1=Sanders |last2=American Federation of Teachers |date=June 2, 1980 |page=32}}</ref> According to a syndicated article, "Helped the Colonial Cause": "In nearly every case they advocated the colonial cause, and their editorials did much to arouse the spirit of patriotism in the men."<ref name="Appleton">{{cite news |date=February 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693159/helped-the-colonial-cause-women-who/ |publisher=The Appleton Crescent |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |page=7 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause |pages=2 |work=Kenosha News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693224/helped-the-colonial-cause/ |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:06, 5 March 2021

Ann Timothy
Born
Ann Donovan

circa 1727
Died(1792-09-09)September 9, 1792
NationalityAmerican
OccupationNewspaper publisher
Known forOne of the few women newspaper printers in Colonial America
SpousePeter Timothy
RelativesElizabeth Timothy (mother-in-law)

Ann Timothy (ca. 1727–September 11, 1792) was a newspaper publisher from South Carolina. She worked alongside her husband until his death in 1782, and then received the coveted position of official printer for the state of South Carolina.

Personal life

Ann Donovan was born circa 1727.[1][a] She married Peter Timothy on December 8, 1745 in Charleston, South Carolina.[1] Peter was the son of Elizabeth Timothy who operated the first permanent newspaper in South Carolina.[2] Ann and Peter were believed to have had fifteen children, with seven of the children dying as infants.[2][b]

Peter set sail for Santo Domingo[2] within the West Indies in 1782, after Peter was captured during the Siege of Charleston, exiled to St. Augustine, Florida for ten months for failing to take the loyalty oath, and was unable to return to Charleston.[7] Two of his daughters and a grandchild met up with Peter intending to travel to Antigua to visit one of his daughters. Family members perished during a storm off of the Delaware coast.[7] Their surviving children, were Sarah, Robert (disabled), and Benjamin Franklin Timothy.[7]

Career

An eighteenth century printing press

Timothy and her husband took over publishing the South Carolina Gazette from Peter's mother, Elizabeth Timothy.[2] Peter wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he was unable to continue publishing due to poor eyesight. He announced that he had pursued other lines of business, and also suggested that he would welcome "any Employment in His Majesty’s Service, that will not degrade me, which any Friend may think me fit for or can procure by his Interest."[6] After a break from March 1772 to November 1773, Peter resumed running the printing business.[6]

Timothy continued to operate the newspaper after the presumed death of Peter.[2] The newspaper operated out of the John Lining House at 106 Broad Street from 1783 to 1793.[8][c] From 1785 to 1792, she was the official "Printer to the State. She worked until her death in 1792.[2] Her son, Benjamin Franklin Timothy, continued the family printing business.[6]

Legacy

She was one of a few women publishers before and shortly after the American Revolution.[9] Since printing was often a multi-generational family business, there were some printing families with two or more generations of women printers, which was the case with Timothy and her mother-in-law, Elizabeth Timothy.[10] It was often a financial necessity for widowed women in the printing profession to carry on the business.[10] There were at least six women who were the official printers for various colonial governments, as Timothy did for the state of South Carolina.[10] According to a syndicated article, "Helped the Colonial Cause": "In nearly every case they advocated the colonial cause, and their editorials did much to arouse the spirit of patriotism in the men."[9][11]

References

Notes

  1. ^ She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,[2] and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,[1] who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.[3] A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728–1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.[4] A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.[5]
  2. ^ Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.[6]
  3. ^ An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.[8]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Humphrey, Carol Ann. "Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Appleby, Joyce; Chang, Eileen; Goodwin, Neva (July 17, 2015). Encyclopedia of Women in American History. Routledge. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-317-47162-2.
  3. ^ Filby, P. William, ed. (2012), "Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698", Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s, Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Research, p. 73
  4. ^ "Daniel Donavan", South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts, Charleston County, South Carolina
  5. ^ A. S. Salley, Jr., ed. (1904). "Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness" (PDF). The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 5. Charleston, South Carolina: South Carolina Historical Society. p. 220. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d "Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772". founders.archives.gov. August 24, 1772. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c King, Martha J. "Timothy, Peter". South Carolina Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy)". Historic Charleston Foundation. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution". Appleton, Wisconsin: The Appleton Crescent. February 12, 1898. p. 7 – via newspapers.com.
  10. ^ a b c Sanders, Beverly; American Federation of Teachers (June 2, 1980). "Book One Women In the Colonial Era and the The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820" (PDF). Women in American History: A Series. p. 32.
  11. ^ "Helped the Colonial Cause". Kenosha News. March 12, 1898. p. 2. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
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