National Congress of Chile: Difference between revisions
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The '''National Congress of Chile''' ({{lang-es|Congreso Nacional de Chile}}) is the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of the government of the [[Chile|Republic of Chile]]. |
The '''National Congress of Chile'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cabrera-Tapia|first=Roberto|date=4th March 2021|title=The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System.|url=https://psaparliaments.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Chile.pdf|url-status=live|website=PSA Parliaments specialist group}}</ref> ({{lang-es|Congreso Nacional de Chile}}) is the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of the government of the [[Chile|Republic of Chile]]. |
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The National Congress of Chile was founded on July 4, 1811. It is a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] legislature composed of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] (lower house), of 155 Deputies (120 before 2017) and by the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] (upper house), formed by 43 Senators (38 before 2017) which will increase its size to 50 senators after the [[2021 Chilean general election|next general election]]. |
The National Congress of Chile<ref></ref> was founded on July 4, 1811. It is a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] legislature composed of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] (lower house), of 155 Deputies (120 before 2017) and by the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] (upper house), formed by 43 Senators (38 before 2017) which will increase its size to 50 senators after the [[2021 Chilean general election|next general election]]. |
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The organisation of Congress and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current [[Constitution of Chile|constitution]] and by the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18,918. |
The organisation of Congress and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current [[Constitution of Chile|constitution]] and by the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18,918. |
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==Accusations of bias in the design of the legislative electoral system== |
==Accusations of bias in the design of the legislative electoral system== |
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{{update|section|date=March 2021}} |
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The 1980 Constitution defined a complicated scheme, unique in the world, for electing the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each Deputy or Senator was elected from a two-member district. Parties or coalitions put two-member lists on the ballot. If the first-place list in a district won more than twice the votes of the second-place list, both its nominees were elected; otherwise, the top candidate from each list went to Valparaiso, the seat of Chile’s Congress. It has been argued this scheme was expressly designed by the [[Pinochet regime]] to favor election of [[Right-wing political parties|right-wing]] legislative majorities.<ref name=Dartmouth>Carey, John M. [https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/2/109/files/2013/02/Malapportionment-and-ideological-bias-in-Chilean-electoral-districts.pdf Malapportionment and ideological bias in Chilean electoral districts.] Dartmouth College. May 18, 2015.</ref> Several rounds of constitutional amendments have been enacted since 1980 to correct this concern.<ref name=Dartmouth/><ref>Carey, John. [https://theglobalamericans.org/2015/05/chiles-electoral-reform/ Chile’s electoral reform.] Global Americans. May 27, 2015.</ref> |
The 1980 Constitution defined a complicated scheme, unique in the world, for electing the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each Deputy or Senator was elected from a two-member district. Parties or coalitions put two-member lists on the ballot. If the first-place list in a district won more than twice the votes of the second-place list, both its nominees were elected; otherwise, the top candidate from each list went to Valparaiso, the seat of Chile’s Congress. It has been argued this scheme was expressly designed by the [[Pinochet regime]] to favor election of [[Right-wing political parties|right-wing]] legislative majorities.<ref name=Dartmouth>Carey, John M. [https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/2/109/files/2013/02/Malapportionment-and-ideological-bias-in-Chilean-electoral-districts.pdf Malapportionment and ideological bias in Chilean electoral districts.] Dartmouth College. May 18, 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pastor|first=Daniel|year=2004|title=Origins of the Chilean Binominal Election System|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/revcipol/v24n1/art02.pdf|journal=Revista de Ciencia Política|volume=24|pages=38-57}}</ref> Several rounds of constitutional amendments have been enacted since 1980 to correct this concern.<ref name=Dartmouth/><ref>Carey, John. [https://theglobalamericans.org/2015/05/chiles-electoral-reform/ Chile’s electoral reform.] Global Americans. May 27, 2015.</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 23:07, 5 March 2021
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National Congress of Chile Congreso Nacional de Chile | |
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| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses | Senate Chamber of Deputies |
| Leadership | |
President of the Senate | |
| Structure | |
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Political groups | Government
Opposition
Others
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Political groups | Government
Opposition
Others
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| Elections | |
| Open list proportional representation | |
| Meeting place | |
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| Edificio del Congreso Nacional Valparaíso Chile | |
| Website | |
| Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish) Senado (in Spanish) | |
The National Congress of Chile[1] (Template:Lang-es) is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Chile.
The National Congress of ChileCite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page). was founded on July 4, 1811. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Chamber of Deputies (lower house), of 155 Deputies (120 before 2017) and by the Senate (upper house), formed by 43 Senators (38 before 2017) which will increase its size to 50 senators after the next general election.
The organisation of Congress and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current constitution and by the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18,918.
Congress meets in the Chile Congress building, which was built during the last years of the Pinochet regime and stands in the port city of Valparaíso, some 140 km west of the capital, Santiago. This new building replaced the Former National Congress Building, located in downtown Santiago.
On 13 September 1973, the Government Junta of Chile dissolved Congress.[2]
Statistical analysis suggest Chilean politicians in Congress "are not randomly drawn from the population, but over-represent high-income communities".[3] As such, Chileans of Castilian-Basque, Palestinian and Jewish ancestry are overrepresented in it.[3]
Accusations of bias in the design of the legislative electoral system
 | This section needs to be updated. (March 2021) |
The 1980 Constitution defined a complicated scheme, unique in the world, for electing the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each Deputy or Senator was elected from a two-member district. Parties or coalitions put two-member lists on the ballot. If the first-place list in a district won more than twice the votes of the second-place list, both its nominees were elected; otherwise, the top candidate from each list went to Valparaiso, the seat of Chile’s Congress. It has been argued this scheme was expressly designed by the Pinochet regime to favor election of right-wing legislative majorities.[4][5] Several rounds of constitutional amendments have been enacted since 1980 to correct this concern.[4][6]
See also
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 Chile portal |
References
- ^ Cabrera-Tapia, Roberto (4th March 2021). "The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System" (PDF). PSA Parliaments specialist group.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile". The Guardian. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ a b Bro, Naim; Mendoza, Marcelo (2021-01-06). "Surname affinity in Santiago, Chile: A network-based approach that uncovers urban segregation". PLOS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244372.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Carey, John M. Malapportionment and ideological bias in Chilean electoral districts. Dartmouth College. May 18, 2015.
- ^ Pastor, Daniel (2004). "Origins of the Chilean Binominal Election System" (PDF). Revista de Ciencia Política. 24: 38–57.
- ^ Carey, John. Chile’s electoral reform. Global Americans. May 27, 2015.
External links
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33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W / 33.04778°S 71.60583°W
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