Christopher Myngs: Difference between revisions
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[[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice Admiral]] '''Sir Christopher Myngs''' (sometimes spelled ''Mings'', 1625–1666) was an [[Kingdom of England|English]] naval officer and privateer. He came of a [[Norfolk]] family and was a relative of Admiral Sir [[Cloudesley Shovell]]. [[Samuel Pepys]]' story of Myngs' humble birth, in explanation of his popularity, |
[[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice Admiral]] '''Sir Christopher Myngs''' (sometimes spelled ''Mings'', 1625–1666) was an [[Kingdom of England|English]] naval officer and privateer. He came of a [[Norfolk]] family and was a relative of Admiral Sir [[Cloudesley Shovell]]. [[Samuel Pepys]]' story of Myngs' humble birth, in explanation of his popularity, has now been evaluated by historians as to be mostly fictitious in nature. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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The date of Myngs's birth is uncertain, but probably somewhere between 1620 and 1625. It is probable that he saw a good deal of sea-service before 1648. He first appears prominently as the captain of the ''Elisabeth'', which after a sharp action during the [[First Anglo-Dutch War]] brought in a Dutch convoy with two [[Man-of-war|men-of-war]] as prizes. From 1653 to 1655 he continued to command the ''Elisabeth'', high in favour with the council of state and recommended for promotion by the flag officers under whom he served.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
The date of Myngs's birth is uncertain, but probably somewhere between 1620 and 1625. It is probable that he saw a good deal of sea-service before 1648. He first appears prominently as the captain of the ''Elisabeth'', which after a sharp action during the [[First Anglo-Dutch War]] brought in a [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] convoy with two [[Man-of-war|men-of-war]] as prizes. From 1653 to 1655 he continued to command the ''Elisabeth'', high in favour with the council of state and recommended for promotion by the flag officers under whom he served.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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In 1655, he was appointed to the [[frigate]] ''Marston Moor'', the crew of which was on the verge of [[mutiny]]. His firm measures quelled the insubordinate spirit, and he took the vessel out to the [[West Indies]], arriving in January 1656 on [[Jamaica]] where he became the subcommander of the naval flotilla on the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica Station]], until the summer of 1657. {{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref>Cundall, p. xx</ref> |
In 1655, he was appointed to the [[frigate]] ''Marston Moor'', the crew of which was on the verge of [[mutiny]]. His firm measures quelled the insubordinate spirit, and he took the vessel out to the [[British West Indies|West Indies]], arriving in January 1656 on [[Colony of Jamaica|Jamaica]] where he became the subcommander of the naval flotilla on the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica Station]], until the summer of 1657. {{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref>Cundall, p. xx</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In February 1658, he returned to Jamaica as naval commander, acting as a [[commerce raider]] during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654)|Anglo-Spanish War]]. During this period Myngs acquired a reputation for unnecessary cruelty, sacking several Spanish colonial towns while in command of whole fleets of [[buccaneer]]s. In 1658, after beating off a Spanish naval attack, he raided [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish colonies]] around the coast of South-America; failing to capture a [[Spanish treasure fleet|treasure fleet]], he destroyed the colonial settlements in [[Sucre Department|Tolú]] and Santa Maria in [[New Kingdom of Granada|New Grenada]] instead; in 1659 he plundered [[Cumaná]], [[Puerto Cabello]] and [[Santa Ana de Coro|Coro]] where a large haul of silver in twenty chests was seized.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19708|title=Christopher Myngs|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=18 October 2015}}</ref> |
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In February 1658, he returned to Jamaica as naval commander, acting as a [[commerce raider]] during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654)|Anglo-Spanish War]]. |
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During these actions he got a reputation for unnecessary cruelty, sacking and massacring entire towns in command of whole fleets of [[buccaneer]]s. |
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| ⚫ | In 1658, after beating off a Spanish attack, he raided the coast of South-America; failing to capture a [[Spanish treasure fleet]], he destroyed [[Sucre Department|Tolú]] and Santa Maria in |
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The Spanish government |
The [[Government of Spain|Spanish government]], upon hearing of Myngs' actions, protested to no avail to the [[Commonwealth of England|English government]] of [[Oliver Cromwell]] about his conduct. Because he had shared half of the bounty of his 1659 raid, about a quarter of a million pounds, with the buccaneers against the explicit orders of [[Edward D'Oyley]], the English Commander of Jamaica, he was arrested for embezzlement and sent back to England in the ''Marston Moor'' in 1660.<ref name=odnb/> |
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The [[English Restoration|Restoration]] government retained him in his command however, and in August 1662 he was sent to Jamaica commanding the ''Centurion'' in order to resume his activities as commander of the Jamaica Station, despite the fact the war with Spain had ended. This was part of a covert English policy to undermine the Spanish dominion of the area |
The [[English Restoration|Restoration]] government retained him in his command however, and in August 1662 he was sent to Jamaica commanding the ''Centurion'' in order to resume his activities as commander of the Jamaica Station, despite the fact the war with Spain had ended. This was part of a covert English policy to undermine the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish dominion of the area]]. In 1662 Myngs decided that the best way to accomplish this was to employ the full potential of the buccaneers by promising them the opportunity for unbridled plunder. He had the complete support of the new governor, [[Thomas Hickman-Windsor, 1st Earl of Plymouth|Lord Windsor]], who fired a large contingent of soldiers to fill Myngs's ranks with disgruntled men. That year he attacked [[Santiago de Cuba]] in [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Spanish Cuba]] and took and sacked the town despite its strong defences. In 1663 buccaneers from all over the Caribbean joined him for the announced next expedition. Myngs directed the largest buccaneer fleet as yet assembled, fourteen ships strong and with 1,400 buccaneers aboard, among them the [[privateer]]s [[Henry Morgan]] and [[Abraham Blauvelt]], and [[Sack of Campeche (1663)|sacked San Francisco de Campeche]] in February.<ref name=odnb/> |
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During the attack on Campeche Bay Myngs himself had been severely wounded leaving [[Edward Mansvelt]] in charge of his pirate army. In 1664 he returned to England to recover. In 1665 he was made Vice-Admiral in [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]]'s squadron. As [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral of the White]] under the [[British Admiralty|Lord High Admiral]] [[James II of England|James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany]], he flew his flag during the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] at the [[Battle of Lowestoft]] in 1665, and for his share in that action received the honour of [[knighthood]].<ref name=odnb/> |
During the attack on Campeche Bay Myngs himself had been severely wounded leaving [[Edward Mansvelt]] in charge of his pirate army. In 1664 he returned to England to recover. In 1665 he was made Vice-Admiral in [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]]'s squadron. As [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral of the White]] under the [[British Admiralty|Lord High Admiral]] [[James II of England|James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany]], he flew his flag during the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] at the [[Battle of Lowestoft]] in 1665, and for his share in that action received the honour of [[knighthood]].<ref name=odnb/> |
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In the same year he then served under [[Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich]], as [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral of the Blue]] and after the disgrace of Montagu under the next supreme fleet commander, [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle]]. |
In the same year he then served under [[Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich]], as [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral of the Blue]] and after the disgrace of Montagu under the next supreme fleet commander, [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle]]. He was on detachment with Prince Rupert's Green squadron, when on 11 June 1666 the great [[Four Days' Battle]] began, but returned to the main fleet in time to take part on the final day, and in this action when his [[flotilla]] was surrounded by that of Vice-Admiral [[Johan de Liefde]] he received a wound — being hit first through the cheek and then in the left shoulder by musket balls fired by a sharpshooter when his ''Victory'' was challenged by De Liefde's flagship, the ''[[Ridderschap van Holland]]'' — of which he died shortly after returning to London.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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He was on detachment with Prince Rupert's Green squadron, when on 11 June 1666 the great [[Four Days' Battle]] began, but returned to the main fleet in time to take part on the final day, and in this action when his [[flotilla]] was surrounded by that of Vice-Admiral [[Johan de Liefde]] he received a wound — being hit first through the cheek and then in the left shoulder by musket balls fired by a sharpshooter when his ''Victory'' was challenged by De Liefde's flagship, the ''[[Ridderschap van Holland]]'' — of which he died shortly after returning to London.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 09:48, 9 March 2021
Sir Christopher Myngs | |
|---|---|
 Christopher Myngs, by Sir Peter Lely, 1666, part of the Flagmen of Lowestoft series | |
| Born | 1625 Norfolk, England |
| Died | 1666 (aged 40–41) London, England |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of England |
| Service |  Royal Navy |
| Rank | Vice Admiral |
| Commands | Elisabeth Marston Moor Jamaica Station |
| Battles / wars | First Anglo-Dutch War Anglo-Spanish War Second Anglo-Dutch War |
Vice Admiral Sir Christopher Myngs (sometimes spelled Mings, 1625–1666) was an English naval officer and privateer. He came of a Norfolk family and was a relative of Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell. Samuel Pepys' story of Myngs' humble birth, in explanation of his popularity, has now been evaluated by historians as to be mostly fictitious in nature.
Life
The date of Myngs's birth is uncertain, but probably somewhere between 1620 and 1625. It is probable that he saw a good deal of sea-service before 1648. He first appears prominently as the captain of the Elisabeth, which after a sharp action during the First Anglo-Dutch War brought in a Dutch convoy with two men-of-war as prizes. From 1653 to 1655 he continued to command the Elisabeth, high in favour with the council of state and recommended for promotion by the flag officers under whom he served.[1]
In 1655, he was appointed to the frigate Marston Moor, the crew of which was on the verge of mutiny. His firm measures quelled the insubordinate spirit, and he took the vessel out to the West Indies, arriving in January 1656 on Jamaica where he became the subcommander of the naval flotilla on the Jamaica Station, until the summer of 1657. [1][2]
In February 1658, he returned to Jamaica as naval commander, acting as a commerce raider during the Anglo-Spanish War. During this period Myngs acquired a reputation for unnecessary cruelty, sacking several Spanish colonial towns while in command of whole fleets of buccaneers. In 1658, after beating off a Spanish naval attack, he raided Spanish colonies around the coast of South-America; failing to capture a treasure fleet, he destroyed the colonial settlements in Tolú and Santa Maria in New Grenada instead; in 1659 he plundered Cumaná, Puerto Cabello and Coro where a large haul of silver in twenty chests was seized.[3]
The Spanish government, upon hearing of Myngs' actions, protested to no avail to the English government of Oliver Cromwell about his conduct. Because he had shared half of the bounty of his 1659 raid, about a quarter of a million pounds, with the buccaneers against the explicit orders of Edward D'Oyley, the English Commander of Jamaica, he was arrested for embezzlement and sent back to England in the Marston Moor in 1660.[3]
The Restoration government retained him in his command however, and in August 1662 he was sent to Jamaica commanding the Centurion in order to resume his activities as commander of the Jamaica Station, despite the fact the war with Spain had ended. This was part of a covert English policy to undermine the Spanish dominion of the area. In 1662 Myngs decided that the best way to accomplish this was to employ the full potential of the buccaneers by promising them the opportunity for unbridled plunder. He had the complete support of the new governor, Lord Windsor, who fired a large contingent of soldiers to fill Myngs's ranks with disgruntled men. That year he attacked Santiago de Cuba in Spanish Cuba and took and sacked the town despite its strong defences. In 1663 buccaneers from all over the Caribbean joined him for the announced next expedition. Myngs directed the largest buccaneer fleet as yet assembled, fourteen ships strong and with 1,400 buccaneers aboard, among them the privateers Henry Morgan and Abraham Blauvelt, and sacked San Francisco de Campeche in February.[3]
During the attack on Campeche Bay Myngs himself had been severely wounded leaving Edward Mansvelt in charge of his pirate army. In 1664 he returned to England to recover. In 1665 he was made Vice-Admiral in Prince Rupert's squadron. As Vice-Admiral of the White under the Lord High Admiral James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany, he flew his flag during the Second Anglo-Dutch War at the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665, and for his share in that action received the honour of knighthood.[3]
In the same year he then served under Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, as Vice-Admiral of the Blue and after the disgrace of Montagu under the next supreme fleet commander, George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle. He was on detachment with Prince Rupert's Green squadron, when on 11 June 1666 the great Four Days' Battle began, but returned to the main fleet in time to take part on the final day, and in this action when his flotilla was surrounded by that of Vice-Admiral Johan de Liefde he received a wound — being hit first through the cheek and then in the left shoulder by musket balls fired by a sharpshooter when his Victory was challenged by De Liefde's flagship, the Ridderschap van Holland — of which he died shortly after returning to London.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Cundall, p. xx
- ^ a b c d "Christopher Myngs". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- Attribution
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Angust Konstam, Buccaneers 1620–1700, Oxford, 2000.
Sources
- Cundall, Frank (1915). Historic Jamaica. West India Committee.
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