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'''Lighting as a Service (LaaS)''', also known as Light as a Service, is a service-based business model in which light service is charged on a subscription basis rather than via a one-time payment. It is managed by third parties,<ref>{{cite book|title=Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings of the 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015|author1=Curran, R.|author2=Wognum, N.|author3=Borsato, M. |author4=Stjepandic, J.|author5=Verhagen, W. |publisher=IOS Press BV|place=Amsterdam|date= 2015|isbn=978-1-61499-544-9}}</ref> more precisely, by specialized service providers and may include light design, financing, installation, maintenance and other services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecoengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/NFMT2017-Lighting-as-a-Service_022417.pdf|author=Brunette, B.|title=Lighting as a Service: A New Model for Energy Efficiency|website=ecoengineering.com|publisher= Eco Engineering|date=7 March 2017|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The model enables customers to outsource lighting aspects of their business over a set time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guidehouseinsights.com/reports/market-data-lighting-as-a-service|author=Guidehouse Insights|title=Market Data: Lighting as a Service|website=guidehouseinsights.com |publisher=Guidehouse Insights|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> In opposition to an operating lease, the LaaS provider doesn't transfer the ownership of a product but maintains the ownership of the equipment throughout the duration of the subscription contract. This makes it an environmentally friendly business approach allowing an extended product life with several lifecycles.<ref>{{cite book|title=Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings of the 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015|author1=Curran, R.|author2=Wognum, N.|author3=Borsato, M. |author4=Stjepandic, J.|author5=Verhagen, W. |publisher=IOS Press BV|place=Amsterdam|date= 2015|isbn=978-1-61499-544-9}}</ref> The LaaS model has become more common in commercial and citywide installations of [[light-emitting diode|LED]] lights, specifically in retrofitting buildings and outdoor facilities, with the prior aim of reducing installation costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insights.regencylighting.com/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-laas-and-how-does-it-work|author=Scott, A.|title=What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?|website=insights.regencylighting.com|publisher= Regency Lighting|date=26 October 2016|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter/facilities-grounds|author=Scott, E.R.|title=What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?|website=exclusive.multibriefs.com|publisher=Multibriefs: Exclusive|date=21 June 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4600423/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on#rela0-4805606|author=ID: 4600423|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=researchandmarkets.com|publisher=Research And Markets|date=July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Since nowadays lighting design has to consider aspects such as safety and health at work, environmental performance, energy consumption and durability of the products the model is continuously gaining more and more importance for company structures. Refitting and maintaining buildings with energy efficient lighting systems by means of a LaaS provider enables it to be operated more economically. Light vendors have used an LaaS strategy in selling value-added services such as Internet-connected lighting and energy management.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140815024307/http://www.informationweek.in:80/informationweek/news-analysis/297464/iot-enables-lighting-service |author=Dean, B.|title = IoT Enables Lighting-as-a-Service|work = iotworld.com|publisher = IoT World|date = 25 July 2014|accessdate = 23 October 2014}}</ref>
'''Lighting as a Service (LaaS)''', also known as Light as a Service, is a service-based business model in which light service is charged on a subscription basis rather than via a one-time payment. It is managed by third parties,<ref>{{cite book|title=Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings of the 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015|author1=Curran, R.|author2=Wognum, N.|author3=Borsato, M. |author4=Stjepandic, J.|author5=Verhagen, W. |publisher=IOS Press BV|place=Amsterdam|date= 2015|isbn=978-1-61499-544-9}}</ref> more precisely, by specialized service providers and may include light design, financing, installation, maintenance and other services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecoengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/NFMT2017-Lighting-as-a-Service_022417.pdf|author=Brunette, B.|title=Lighting as a Service: A New Model for Energy Efficiency|website=ecoengineering.com|publisher= Eco Engineering|date=7 March 2017|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The model enables customers to outsource lighting aspects of their business over a set time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guidehouseinsights.com/reports/market-data-lighting-as-a-service|author=Guidehouse Insights|title=Market Data: Lighting as a Service|website=guidehouseinsights.com |publisher=Guidehouse Insights|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> In opposition to an operating lease, the LaaS provider doesn't transfer the ownership of a product but maintains the ownership of the equipment throughout the duration of the subscription contract. This makes it an environmentally friendly business approach allowing an extended product life with several lifecycles.<ref>{{cite book|title=Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings of the 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015|author1=Curran, R.|author2=Wognum, N.|author3=Borsato, M. |author4=Stjepandic, J.|author5=Verhagen, W. |publisher=IOS Press BV|place=Amsterdam|date= 2015|isbn=978-1-61499-544-9}}</ref> The LaaS model has become more common in commercial and citywide <ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.luxreview.com/2020/03/02/citys-lighting-as-a-service-deal-is-a-first/|title = City’s lighting-as-a-service deal is a first|work = LUX Review|date = 2 March 2020|accessdate = 3 March 2021}}</ref> installations of [[light-emitting diode|LED]] lights, specifically in retrofitting buildings and outdoor facilities, with the prior aim of reducing installation costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insights.regencylighting.com/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-laas-and-how-does-it-work|author=Scott, A.|title=What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?|website=insights.regencylighting.com|publisher= Regency Lighting|date=26 October 2016|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter/facilities-grounds|author=Scott, E.R.|title=What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?|website=exclusive.multibriefs.com|publisher=Multibriefs: Exclusive|date=21 June 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4600423/global-lighting-as-a-service-market-focus-on#rela0-4805606|author=ID: 4600423|title=Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)|website=researchandmarkets.com|publisher=Research And Markets|date=July 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Since nowadays lighting design has to consider aspects such as safety and health at work, environmental performance, energy consumption and durability of the products the model is continuously gaining more and more importance for company structures. Refitting and maintaining buildings with energy efficient lighting systems by means of a LaaS provider enables it to be operated more economically.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201123220543/https://www.lightshowwest.com/lighting-as-a-service-new-tool-or-old-saw |title = Lighting as a Service: New Tool or Old Saw |work = Lightshowwest.com|date = 19 February 2019|accessdate = 3 March 2021}}</ref> Light vendors have used an LaaS strategy in selling value-added services such as Internet-connected lighting and energy management.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140815024307/http://www.informationweek.in:80/informationweek/news-analysis/297464/iot-enables-lighting-service |author=Dean, B.|title = IoT Enables Lighting-as-a-Service|work = iotworld.com|publisher = IoT World|date = 25 July 2014|accessdate = 23 October 2014}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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===Pros===
===Pros===
Since no upfront investment has to be done, the subscription to LaaS offers comes with less engagement of personal resources. This subsequently has a positive impact on the reduction of risks and costs for the end user.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guidehouseinsights.com/reports/market-data-energy-efficient-lighting-for-commercial-markets|author=Guidehouse Insights|title=Market Data: Energy Efficient Lighting for Commercial Markets|website=guidehouseinsights.com |publisher=Guidehouse Insights|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Furthermore modern lighting technology solutions, such as intelligent LED light systems or daylight and shading technology, used by LaaS vendors result in a lower energy consumption, thus lower energy costs as well as the reduction of carbon emissions and a healthier lighting in general.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter/facilities-grounds|author=Scott, E.R.|title=What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?|website=exclusive.multibriefs.com|publisher=Multibriefs: Exclusive|date=21 June 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The light supplier as an expert in the light industry remains accountable for monitoring and maintaining the lighting systems, including replacements, and also deals with recycling issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledsmagazine.com/leds-ssl-design/modular-light-engines/article/16695809/lighting-as-a-service-poised-to-deliver-the-circular-economy-magazine|author=Halper, M.|title=Lighting as a service poised to deliver the circular economy|website=ledsmagazine.com|date=29 May 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>
Since no upfront investment has to be done, the subscription to LaaS offers comes with less engagement of personal resources. This subsequently has a positive impact on the reduction of risks and costs for the end user.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guidehouseinsights.com/reports/market-data-energy-efficient-lighting-for-commercial-markets|author=Guidehouse Insights|title=Market Data: Energy Efficient Lighting for Commercial Markets|website=guidehouseinsights.com |publisher=Guidehouse Insights|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> Furthermore modern lighting technology solutions, such as intelligent LED light systems or daylight and shading technology, used by LaaS vendors result in a lower energy consumption, thus lower energy costs as well as the reduction of carbon emissions and a healthier lighting in general.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/what-is-lighting-as-a-service-and-why-does-it-matter/facilities-grounds|author=Scott, E.R.|title=What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?|website=exclusive.multibriefs.com|publisher=Multibriefs: Exclusive|date=21 June 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref> The light supplier as an expert in the light industry remains accountable for monitoring and maintaining the lighting systems (including replacements, upholding new legal requirements and also deals with recycling issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledsmagazine.com/leds-ssl-design/modular-light-engines/article/16695809/lighting-as-a-service-poised-to-deliver-the-circular-economy-magazine|author=Halper, M.|title=Lighting as a service poised to deliver the circular economy|website=ledsmagazine.com|date=29 May 2018|accessdate= 8 July 2020}}</ref>


===Cons===
===Cons===

Revision as of 18:20, 16 March 2021

Lighting as a Service (LaaS), also known as Light as a Service, is a service-based business model in which light service is charged on a subscription basis rather than via a one-time payment. It is managed by third parties,[1] more precisely, by specialized service providers and may include light design, financing, installation, maintenance and other services.[2] The model enables customers to outsource lighting aspects of their business over a set time.[3] In opposition to an operating lease, the LaaS provider doesn't transfer the ownership of a product but maintains the ownership of the equipment throughout the duration of the subscription contract. This makes it an environmentally friendly business approach allowing an extended product life with several lifecycles.[4] The LaaS model has become more common in commercial and citywide [5] installations of LED lights, specifically in retrofitting buildings and outdoor facilities, with the prior aim of reducing installation costs.[6][7][8] Since nowadays lighting design has to consider aspects such as safety and health at work, environmental performance, energy consumption and durability of the products the model is continuously gaining more and more importance for company structures. Refitting and maintaining buildings with energy efficient lighting systems by means of a LaaS provider enables it to be operated more economically.[9] Light vendors have used an LaaS strategy in selling value-added services such as Internet-connected lighting and energy management.[10]

History

Over the years the lighting industry has faced a major disruption due to the shift in demand from conventional light sources to energy-efficient lighting. Especially in the commercial sector this industrial change has caused a higher demand in long-life LED products[11] which come along with lower energy consumption and improved physical robustness.[12] While light bulbs have to be replaced approximately every year or two, LED products last around 20 years.[13] The idea of Lighting as a Service was invented in response to business demand[14][15] in order to decrease the costs and boost the efficiency of energy without any investment from the end users side. All of this is achieved by the help of light control systems and the Internet of Things.[16]

The concept of selling Lighting as a Service was developed by Thomas Rau in collaboration with Philips throughout the first „Pay per Lux“ project. Customers would only pay for the amount of light they use. The idea originated when Thomas Rau equipped the office of RAU Architects in Amsterdam. Instead of purchasing lighting infrastructure that comes with high costs and the need to be replaced after some time, he applied the model of Light as a Service to furnish the building with lighting. LED installations along with a sensor and controller system to minimize energy use were provided by Philips who maintained the ownership of the set-up. RAU Architects on the other hand benefited from the entire maintenance service.[17][18]

Value Proposition

Lighting as a Service offerings include indoor and outdoor service types and usually are demanded by end users from the commercial, municipal or industrial sectors.[19] LaaS supplies client companies with efficient lighting technology and in the most cases undertakes associated services including project management, product delivery and installation as well as maintenance.[20]

Pros

Since no upfront investment has to be done, the subscription to LaaS offers comes with less engagement of personal resources. This subsequently has a positive impact on the reduction of risks and costs for the end user.[21] Furthermore modern lighting technology solutions, such as intelligent LED light systems or daylight and shading technology, used by LaaS vendors result in a lower energy consumption, thus lower energy costs as well as the reduction of carbon emissions and a healthier lighting in general.[22] The light supplier as an expert in the light industry remains accountable for monitoring and maintaining the lighting systems (including replacements, upholding new legal requirements and also deals with recycling issues.[23]

Cons

The subscription to LaaS offerings doesn't involve the acquisition of the lighting product itself and makes the provider retain the ownership. Throughout the duration of the contract the client is bound to its provider which, depending upon the contract arrangement and funding model, can be set up to long durations.[24]

Market

Development

The global Lighting as a Service market is growing rapidly,[25] welcoming more and more lighting companies, IT integrators and facility management service providers trying to capture the new market by the means of refining their business models to „as a service“ offerings[26] but also through mergers, collaborations and partnerships.[27] In the face of the current global situation smart building technology vendors are currently launching lighting propositions to improve the infection control of buildings in ordert to kill bacteria and viruses from surfaces with safe lighting rays such as ultraviolet light.[28]

Keyplayers

In terms of geographical distribution the LaaS market is categorized into seven main regions: North and Latin America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan and the Middle East and Africa. North America constitutes the largest market for LaaS, closely followed by Western and Eastern Europe which is expected to witness the fastest growth rate in 2018-2025.[29] This change is attributed to the widespread adoption of LaaS in Germany and the UK.[30] Global key players are Cooper Industries Inc. (USA), SIB Lighting (USA), Cree Inc. (USA), Digital Lumens Inc. (USA), Lutron Electronics Company Inc. (USA), General Electric Lighting (USA), Itelecom USA (USA), Future Energy Solutions (USA & UK), Igor Inc. (UK), Legrand (France), Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands), Eaton Corporation (Ireland), Urban Volt (Ireland), Zumtobel Group (Austria), Osram Ag (Germany), Deutsche Lichtmiete (Germany) and RCG Lighthouse (Latvia).[31][32][33][34] The leading position of North America in the LaaS market is mostly due to the significant development regarding electricity consumption in the United States. The government implementations of certain energy standards help reduce its carbon emission as well as the energy consumption rate mostly through usage of energy efficient light bulbs. These have to be either LED or fluorescent. The adoption of LED lighting on the other hand is catering to the market growth of LaaS models. The most prominent lighting renovation project is the Bristol-Myers Squibb in Lawrenceville. The prior aim of the project is to harvest daylight through control systems and thus reduce the energy consumption for office spaces.[35] In the meantime LaaS companies in Europe come up with different lighting solutions such as for example the launch of emergency lighting for big open plan areas by Eaton.[36] Furthermore cooperations between light vendors and LaaS providers such as the alliance between Zumtobel and Deutsche Lichtmiete lead to improved full-service business models allowing to broaden the application segments. [37]

References

  1. ^ Curran, R.; Wognum, N.; Borsato, M.; Stjepandic, J.; Verhagen, W. (2015). Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings of the 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015. Amsterdam: IOS Press BV. ISBN 978-1-61499-544-9.
  2. ^ Brunette, B. (7 March 2017). "Lighting as a Service: A New Model for Energy Efficiency" (PDF). ecoengineering.com. Eco Engineering. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  3. ^ Guidehouse Insights. "Market Data: Lighting as a Service". guidehouseinsights.com. Guidehouse Insights. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  4. ^ Curran, R.; Wognum, N.; Borsato, M.; Stjepandic, J.; Verhagen, W. (2015). Transdisciplinary Lifecycle Analysis of Systems: Proceedings of the 22nd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, July 20-23, 2015. Amsterdam: IOS Press BV. ISBN 978-1-61499-544-9.
  5. ^ "City's lighting-as-a-service deal is a first". LUX Review. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  6. ^ Scott, A. (26 October 2016). "What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?". insights.regencylighting.com. Regency Lighting. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  7. ^ Scott, E.R. (21 June 2018). "What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?". exclusive.multibriefs.com. Multibriefs: Exclusive. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  8. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Lighting as a Service: New Tool or Old Saw". Lightshowwest.com. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  10. ^ Dean, B. (25 July 2014). "IoT Enables Lighting-as-a-Service". iotworld.com. IoT World. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  11. ^ ID: 5867022 (June 2020). "LED Lighting Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By End Use, By Product, By Application And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027". reportlinker.com. Grand View Research. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Vijay, S. (15 April 2014). "Lighting as a Service". ledsmagazine.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  13. ^ Higginbotham, S. (23 March 2018). "Intelligent light as a service". wired.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  14. ^ Urban Volt (26 May 2018). "What is Light as a Service and How Does It Work". urbanvolt.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  15. ^ ID: 5478241 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". reportbuyer.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Porsche Consulting (2019). "Smart Building as a Business: A guide for hardware companies on how to develop their smartification strategy" (PDF). porsche-consulting.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  17. ^ Meloni, M. (2019). Electronic Waste Management (2 ed.). Croydon: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
  18. ^ Vasil, A.; Väyrynen, L.; Heaps, T. (20 April 2020). "Green 50: Top business moves that helped the planet". corporateknights.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  19. ^ Report Buyer (13 October 2013). "Lighting as a Service Market by End-User, Installation, Component, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021". prnewswire.com. PR Newswire. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  20. ^ Urban Volt (26 May 2018). "What is Light as a Service and How Does It Work". urbanvolt.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  21. ^ Guidehouse Insights. "Market Data: Energy Efficient Lighting for Commercial Markets". guidehouseinsights.com. Guidehouse Insights. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  22. ^ Scott, E.R. (21 June 2018). "What is lightin-as-a-service, and why does it matter?". exclusive.multibriefs.com. Multibriefs: Exclusive. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  23. ^ Halper, M. (29 May 2018). "Lighting as a service poised to deliver the circular economy". ledsmagazine.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  24. ^ Scott, A. (26 October 2016). "What is lighting as a service (LaaS) and how does it work?". insights.regencylighting.com. Regency Lighting. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  25. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Stouch Lighting. "What is Lighting-as-a-Service (LaaS) and What does it mean for LED Lighting Retrofits?". stouchlighting.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  27. ^ PR Newswire (26 September 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service (LaaS) market is expected to witness tremendous growth during the forecast period 2018-2025". prnewswire.com. PR Newswire. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  28. ^ Business Wire (September 2020). "Lighting as a Service Market - Global Growth, Trends, Forecasts 2020-2025". businesswire.com. Retrieved 19 September 2020. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  29. ^ PR Newswire (26 September 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service (LaaS) market is expected to witness tremendous growth during the forecast period 2018-2025". prnewswire.com. PR Newswire. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  30. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ Santosh (24 June 2020). "Global Night Light Market 2020 Industry Segment – Philips, Feit Electric, Eaton, GE, Panasonic, Osram, PAK, Legrand, Hugo Brennenstuhl". coleofduty.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  32. ^ Göttelmann, P. (9 December 2019). "LIGHT AS A SERVICE: DIE KOMBINATION AUS MODERNISIERUNG, KLIMASCHUTZ UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEIT". kapitalmarkt.blog. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  33. ^ ID: 4600423 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". researchandmarkets.com. Research And Markets. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ ID: 5478241 (July 2018). "Global Lighting as a Service Market: Focus on Applications, Leading Players Ranking, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast (2018-2025)". reportbuyer.com. Retrieved 8 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ Business Wire (September 2020). "Lighting as a Service Market - Global Growth, Trends, Forecasts 2020-2025". businesswire.com. Retrieved 19 September 2020. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  36. ^ Globe Newswire (September 17, 2020). "Industrial & Commercial LED Lighting Market in Europe and Middle East to Reach $21.96 Billion By 2026, at 17.2% CAGR". globenewswire.com. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  37. ^ Baulinks (July 2020). "Deutsche Lichtmiete und Zumtobel vereinbaren Kooperation: Fokus auf neue Anwendungssegmente". baulinks.de. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
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