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Traction systems for both Phase I and II LRVs consist of GTO thyristor chopper and [[Direct current|DC]] [[traction motors]], supplied by AEG, while drives for the Phase three and four LRVs consist of IGBT [[VVVF]] [[power inverter|inverters]] and [[Alternating current|AC]] traction motors provided by [[Mitsubishi]]. The maximum speed for all LRVs is 80 km/h, although they rarely reach that speed because of the many grade crossings between stops and the close proximity between stops in Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai.
Traction systems for both Phase I and II LRVs consist of GTO thyristor chopper and [[Direct current|DC]] [[traction motors]], supplied by AEG, while drives for the Phase three and four LRVs consist of IGBT [[VVVF]] [[power inverter|inverters]] and [[Alternating current|AC]] traction motors provided by [[Mitsubishi]]. The maximum speed for all LRVs is 80 km/h, although they rarely reach that speed because of the many grade crossings between stops and the close proximity between stops in Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai.


From the outside it is difficult to differentiate between the first three types of LRVs. There are, however, distinct features that one can use to tell them apart; Phase III LRVs still retain their original green [[electronic displays]] while all other LRVs have new orange electronic displays. Phase I cars also have a wide window at the rear that can be opened in case of an emergency, while Phase II cars have a door at the back. The interior of the phase three cars has a greenish look and the doors are also green. The Phase IV LRVs have a completely different appearance in contrast to the older phase. It has a white exterior livery with olive green and purple line on the side. The shape of the front of the LRV is more streamlined than the older phases. The door opening and closing mechanism was similar to the ones from the K-class cars used in the Tseung Kwan O line and Tung Chung line. The Phase IV has 3 surveillance cameras in each vehicle. Seat belts and wheelchair positions were also available in the Phase IV. On older-generation LRVs there is a poach seat but the Phase IVs do not maintain this feature. The Phase IV LRV has orange electronic display. The refurbished Phase I LRVs have rounded rectangular windows while Phase IV LRVs have square ones.
From the outside it is difficult to differentiate between the first three types of LRVs. There are, however, distinct features that one can use to tell them apart; Phase III LRVs still retain their original green [[electronic displays]] while all other LRVs have new orange electronic displays. Phase I cars also have a wide window at the rear that can be opened in case of an emergency, while Phase II cars have a door at the back. The interior of the phase three cars has a greenish look and the doors are also green. The Phase IV LRVs have a completely different appearance in contrast to the older phase. It has a white exterior livery with olive green and purple line on the side. The shape of the front of the LRV is more streamlined than the older phases. The door opening and closing mechanism was similar to the ones from the K-class cars used in the Tseung Kwan O line and Tung Chung line. The Phase IV has 3 surveillance cameras in each vehicle. Seat belts and wheelchair positions were also available in the Phase IV. On older-generation LRVs there is a perch seat but the Phase IVs do not maintain this feature. The Phase IV LRV has orange electronic display. The refurbished Phase I LRVs have rounded rectangular windows while Phase IV LRVs have square ones.


The Phase II cars will not be refurbished. Instead, MTR has ordered 40 Phase V cars. 30 Cars are to replace existing Phase II and trailer cars, 10 will be for expansion. Phase V cars are manufactured by [[CRRC Nanjing Puzhen]]. The first car was delivered in late 2018 and will enter service in 2019.<ref>https://www.mtr.com.hk/archive/corporate/en/press_release/PR-16-067-E.pdf</ref> The Phase III cars are expected to be rebuilt and repainted with a scheme similar to the Phase IV cars.
The Phase II cars will not be refurbished. Instead, MTR has ordered 40 Phase V cars. 30 Cars are to replace existing Phase II and trailer cars, 10 will be for expansion. Phase V cars are manufactured by [[CRRC Nanjing Puzhen]]. The first car was delivered in late 2018 and will enter service in 2019.<ref>https://www.mtr.com.hk/archive/corporate/en/press_release/PR-16-067-E.pdf</ref> The Phase III cars are expected to be rebuilt and repainted with a scheme similar to the Phase IV cars.

Revision as of 13:26, 21 March 2021

Not to be confused with Hong Kong Tramways or Light Rail Transit (Singapore).

Template:HK-MTR route title
MTR Light Rail
Overview
LocaleDistricts: Tuen Mun, Yuen Long
Stations68
Service
TypeLight rail
SystemMTR
History
Opened18 September 1988; 36 years ago (1988-09-18)
Technical
Line length36.2 km (22.5 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification750 V DC
Route map

Legend
Tuen Ma line
to Wu Kai Sha
Up arrow
 Yuen Long     
Tai Tong Road
Hong Lok Road
     Long Ping
Fung Nin Road
Tin Heng
Shui Pin Wai
Tin Yat
Wetland Park
Tin Fu
Tin Sau
Chung Fu
Tin Yuet
Fare zone 5A
Fare zone 4
Fare zone 5
Fare zone 4
Chestwood
Ping Shan
Tin Shui
Tin Wing
Ginza
Locwood
Tin Wu
Tin Tsz
Tong Fong Tsuen
Tin Yiu
Tin Shui Wai     
Hang Mei Tsuen
Hung Tin Road
Hung Shui Kiu
Yuen Long District
Tuen Mun District
Fare zone 4
Fare zone 3
 Chung Uk Tsuen
Nai Wai
Lam Tei
Tuen Mun River
 Siu Hong     
Kei Lun
Fung Tei
Kin Sang
Tuen Mun Hospital
Tin King
Ching Chung
Leung King
Fare zone 3
Fare zone 2
San Wai
Tai Hing (North)
Fare zone 3
Fare zone 2
Tai Hing (South)
Affluence
Prime View
Shek Pai
Ngan Wai
Choy Yee Bridge
San Hui
Shan King (North)
Ming Kum
Hoh Fuk Tong
Shan King (South)
Ho Tin     
Kin On
Pui To
Tsing Wun
Tuen Mun     
Town Centre
Tsing Shan Tsuen
Yau Oi
On Ting
Fare zone 2
Fare zone 1
Fare zone 2
Fare zone 1
Lung Mun
Siu Lun
Goodview Garden
Tuen Mun Depot
Sam Shing
Light Rail Depot
Tuen Mun Swimming Pool
Butterfly
Tuen Mun River
Melody Garden
Siu Hei
Tuen Mun Ferry Pier

Fare zones are only relevant for single journey Light Rail tickets.
Octopus card fares are loosely based on distance between stops.
The Tuen Ma line uses a separate fare system.

This diagram:
Light Rail
Traditional Chinese輕鐵
Simplified Chinese轻铁
Cantonese YaleHīngtit
Literal meaningLight rail
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīngtiě
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationHīngtit
JyutpingHing1tit3
IPA[héːŋ.tʰīːt̚]
Geographically accurate map of the Light Rail network
Track layout diagram of the network in 1996

The Light Rail, also known as the Light Rail Transit (LRT), is a light rail system in Hong Kong, serving the northwestern New Territories, within Tuen Mun District and Yuen Long District. The system operates over 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge gauge track, using 750 V DC overhead power supply. It was once one of four systems comprising the KCR network in Hong Kong. It has a daily ridership of about 483,000 people.[1]

History

Planning and commencement

When Tuen Mun was developed in the 1970s, the Hong Kong government set aside space for the laying of rail tracks. There was uncertainty however as to which company would be chosen to build the railway. In 1982, Hong Kong Tramways showed interest in building the system and running double-decker trams on it, before abandoning the project after negotiations over land premiums for related property development failed.[2] The government sought another builder. The Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) was "heavily indebted" at the time, and so Secretary for Transport Alan Scott invited the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) to consider the project instead.[3][4] The KCRC announced they would build the system in 1984 to a budget of $1.5 billion, after investigating ways to improve commercial viability.[5] After some research, construction commenced on 14 July 1985.

By that time, Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) had developed its own network in Tuen Mun and Yuen Long, and there were about 10 routes serving within the district internally, most of them profitable. However, the government introduced the concept of the "Light Rail Service Area" in both districts, forcing the KMB to withdraw all internal bus services in favour of the Light Rail. It also forced the KMB to impose boarding and alighting restrictions for external routes. It was decided that services between town centres and settlements would be provided solely by the Light Rail, while feeder buses operated by the KCRC would connect remote sites to the network, replacing KMB's equivalent services where applicable.

The system was completed and fully operational in September 1988. The first section was opened to the public on 14 September 1988, with free rides between Tuen Mun and Yuen Long; normal, all-day service began four days later, on 18 September.[6] The system consisted of two large and three small loops serving most of the public housing estates in northern Tuen Mun. Three branches: one to On Ting Estate in the southeast, one to the Tuen Mun Ferry Pier in the southwest and another northern branch all the way into the town of Yuen Long along Castle Peak Road. It was then known as Light Rail Transit or LRT and is also called as the North-west Railway according to the Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation Ordinance and Mass Transit Railway (North-west Railway) Bylaw.[7][8]

The system is divided into six fare zones, the only transit system in Hong Kong to employ such zoning. The feeder buses have fares independent of these zones, but provide discounts when passengers interchange between these buses and LRT. 70 single-deck LRVs were manufactured in Melbourne and Brisbane, Australia by Comeng, to be shipped to Hong Kong for the seven LRT routes in the system.[9] Three of the routes were to Yuen Long and the others were confined to Tuen Mun.

Extensions

The system's first extension came for the southern and eastern parts of Tuen Mun. The eastern extension branches off the main line south of Siu Hong stop and crosses the river that runs through Tuen Mun immediately with a flyover. The line then runs along Castle Peak Road to a road north of the town centre, where it climbs to another flyover and rejoins the main route. The northern end of this extension is still the only non-triangular junction in the entire system.

The southern extension mainly consists of a route linking On Ting and Ferry Pier, on the newly reclaimed land near the river mouth of Tuen Mun River, known as "Mouse Island" by locals. A short spur was also built from the extension to another terminus at Sam Shing Estate, located near Castle Peak Bay. Three LRT routes were diverted (route 505 was extended to Sam Shing) and one feeder bus route (route 559) discontinued as a result of these changes.

Tin Shui Wai was originally an area with numerous fish ponds, but was developed as a residential new town in the early 1990s. With the increase of internal commuter traffic demand, an LRT spur was built north of Hung Shui Kiu stop that opened in 1993, with four stops serving the initial housing areas of the town. The area was further developed in the next few years and the line was extended by two stops: Chestwood and Tin Wing stop in 1995 (Tin Shui Wai Terminus was renamed Tin Wing after the opening of West Rail line). Two LRT routes were established, route 720 (now 751) to Yau Oi and route 721 (now 761P) to Yuen Long.

West Rail

The system remained essentially unchanged until the completion of the West Rail (now West Rail line) in December 2003. Many changes were made, mainly around the new railway stations. The KCRC designed most railway stations in the LRT area to interchange with the new West Rail line. The idea was to encourage passengers to use the West Rail line instead of the Light Rail for longer journeys, thereby freeing up LRT vehicles for passengers making shorter journeys. For this purpose, an interchange discount system was launched with the introduction of the West Rail line system, meaning that passengers would pay no more (and in some cases less) to travel on West Rail line instead of the LRT for the main part of their journey. Although this most recent extension is the largest ever, no new vehicles were purchased. And although rearrangements were made, some infrequent and unreliable services resulted, causing passengers to blame the lack of vehicles and poor arrangement of new services.[10] The KCRC has since modified the inside of some vehicles to allow more standing room for passengers during peak hours. They also made several route alterations to arrange them better.

In addition to the reconfiguration of light rail tracks around the new West Rail stations, the system was extended to reach northern Tin Shui Wai to serve ongoing development there.[11]

Rolling stock

Phase I LRV in KCR livery

The system's vehicles consist of five different types of LRVs. All LRVs are uni-directional with driving cab on one side only, 20.2 metres long and have 3 sliding doors fitted on the left side (when facing the running direction from inside). This means that island platforms (except the triangular platform at Siu Hong stop) cannot be used at all in the LRT system and the termini have to feature loops for LRVs to reverse in direction.

Phase I LRVs were built by Comeng between 1987-1989 and put in service in 1988. They are numbered 1001–1070 and accommodate 43 sitting passengers and 161 standees. The driver's cab interior and exterior design was conceived for KCRC by Design Triangle in 1986. Phase II LRVs were built by Kawasaki and entered service in 1992. They are numbered 1071-1090/1201-1210 and accommodate 26 sitting and 185 standees. Cars 1071–1090 are cab cars while 1201–1210 are cabless trailers. Phase III LRVs were built by A Goninan and entered service in 1997. They are numbered 1091–1110 and accommodate 26 seating and 212 standees. Phase I LRVs have two wheelchair positions while both Phase II and Phase III LRVs have three positions. The newest Phase IV LRV's were manufactured by United Group and CSR and entered service in December 2009. They are numbered 1111–1132.

Traction systems for both Phase I and II LRVs consist of GTO thyristor chopper and DC traction motors, supplied by AEG, while drives for the Phase three and four LRVs consist of IGBT VVVF inverters and AC traction motors provided by Mitsubishi. The maximum speed for all LRVs is 80 km/h, although they rarely reach that speed because of the many grade crossings between stops and the close proximity between stops in Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai.

From the outside it is difficult to differentiate between the first three types of LRVs. There are, however, distinct features that one can use to tell them apart; Phase III LRVs still retain their original green electronic displays while all other LRVs have new orange electronic displays. Phase I cars also have a wide window at the rear that can be opened in case of an emergency, while Phase II cars have a door at the back. The interior of the phase three cars has a greenish look and the doors are also green. The Phase IV LRVs have a completely different appearance in contrast to the older phase. It has a white exterior livery with olive green and purple line on the side. The shape of the front of the LRV is more streamlined than the older phases. The door opening and closing mechanism was similar to the ones from the K-class cars used in the Tseung Kwan O line and Tung Chung line. The Phase IV has 3 surveillance cameras in each vehicle. Seat belts and wheelchair positions were also available in the Phase IV. On older-generation LRVs there is a perch seat but the Phase IVs do not maintain this feature. The Phase IV LRV has orange electronic display. The refurbished Phase I LRVs have rounded rectangular windows while Phase IV LRVs have square ones.

The Phase II cars will not be refurbished. Instead, MTR has ordered 40 Phase V cars. 30 Cars are to replace existing Phase II and trailer cars, 10 will be for expansion. Phase V cars are manufactured by CRRC Nanjing Puzhen. The first car was delivered in late 2018 and will enter service in 2019.[12] The Phase III cars are expected to be rebuilt and repainted with a scheme similar to the Phase IV cars.

  • Comeng Phase I Light Rail vehicle 1042
    Comeng Phase I Light Rail vehicle 1042
  • Comeng Phase I Light Rail Vehicle 1016 (Refurbished)
    Comeng Phase I Light Rail Vehicle 1016 (Refurbished)
  • Kawasaki Phase II LRV cab car 1090 and trailer 1205
    Kawasaki Phase II LRV cab car 1090 and trailer 1205
  • A. Goninan Phase III LRV car 1102
    A. Goninan Phase III LRV car 1102
  • A. Goninan (UGL)/CSR Phase IV Light Rail vehicle 1111
    A. Goninan (UGL)/CSR Phase IV Light Rail vehicle 1111
  • Interior of an unrefurbished MTR Light Rail vehicle
    Interior of an unrefurbished MTR Light Rail vehicle
  • Interior of a refurbished MTR Light Rail vehicle
    Interior of a refurbished MTR Light Rail vehicle

Stops and routes

Stops

Fare zone Name Routes District Connections Opened Code
1 Lung Mun[a] 610, 615, 615P Tuen Mun MTR Bus Route 506 18 September 1988 030
Light Rail Depot[b] 020
Butterfly MTR Bus Route 506, K52 015
Melody Garden 010
Tuen Mun Ferry Pier 507, 610, 614, 614P, 615, 615P 001
Siu Hei 507, 614, 614P 17 November 1991 240
Tuen Mun Swimming Pool 250
Goodview Garden 260
Siu Lun 505, 507, 614, 614P MTR Bus Route 506 265
Sam Shing 505 MTR Bus Route 506, K51, K52, K53 2 February 1992 920
2 Tsing Shan Tsuen 610, 615, 615P Tuen Mun MTR Bus Route 506 18 September 1988 040
Tsing Wun[c] 050
Ming Kum 505 (to Sam Shing), 610, 615, 615P MTR Bus Route K58 200
Shek Pai 505, 610, 615, 615P 170
Ngan Wai 507, 610 230
Tai Hing (South) 220
Tai Hing (North) MTR Bus Route K58 212
Affluence[d] 610, 751 080
Choy Yee Bridge 507, 751 075
Ho Tin West Rail line Tuen Mun station 070
Tuen Mun[295] 505, 507, 751 West Rail line Tuen Mun station,
MTR Bus Route 506, K51, K52, K53, K58 		23 September 1988 295
Yau Oi 751 18 September 1988 275
On Ting 505, 507, 614, 614P, 751 (to Tin Yat) MTR Bus Route 506 270
Town Centre 505, 507, 614, 614P, 751 MTR Bus Route 506, K51, K52, K53, K58 280
Kin On 505 MTR Bus Route 506, K58 060
Shan King (South) 505 (to Siu Hong) 24 September 1988 190
Shan King (North) 180
Pui To 614, 614P 2 February 1992 300
Hoh Fuk Tong 310
San Hui 320
Prime View MTR Bus Route K51 330
3 Kei Lun 505 (to Siu Hong), 615P Tuen Mun MTR Bus Route K58 18 September 1988 110
Ching Chung 505, 615, 615P 24 September 1988 120
Kin Sang 130
Tin King 505, 507, 615, 615P 140
Leung King 150
San Wai 160
Tuen Mun Hospital 610, 751 18 September 1988 090
Fung Tei 614, 614P MTR Bus Route K51 2 February 1992 340
Siu Hong 505, 610, 614, 614P, 615, 615P, 751 West Rail line Siu Hong station,
MTR Bus Route K51, K58 		18 September 1988 100
Lam Tei 610, 614, 615, 751 350
Nai Wai 360
Chung Uk Tsuen 370
4 Hung Shui Kiu Yuen Long MTR Bus Route K75, K75P 18 September 1988 380
Ping Shan 610, 614, 615, 761P MTR Bus Route K65 400
Tong Fong Tsuen 390
Hang Mei Tsuen 751, 761P MTR Bus Route K65 10 January 1993 425
Tin Yiu 705, 706, 761P West Rail line Tin Shui Wai station,
MTR Bus Route K75, K75P 		445
Locwood MTR Bus Route K75P 448
Tin Shui MTR Bus Route K74, K75P 460
Tin Shui Wai 705, 706, 751, 751P West Rail line Tin Shui Wai station,
MTR Bus Route K65, K75, K76 		7 December 2003 430
Tin Wu 450
Tin Tsz MTR Bus Route K73, K74 435
Ginza MTR Bus Route K73 455
Tin Wing[e] 26 March 1995 500
Chestwood 751, 751P 490
5A Chung Fu 705, 706, 751, 751P, 761P Yuen Long MTR Bus Route K76 7 December 2003 468
Tin Fu 480
Tin Yat MTR Bus Route K73, K76 550
Tin Heng 705, 706 540
Wetland Park 530
Tin Sau MTR Bus Route K73 520
Tin Yuet 510
5 Shui Pin Wai 610, 614, 615, 761P Yuen Long MTR Bus Route K65 18 September 1988 560
Fung Nin Road[f] MTR Bus Route K65, K66, K68, K73, K74 570
Hong Lok Road MTR Bus Route K65, K74 580
Tai Tong Road MTR Bus Route K65, K66, K74 590
Yuen Long West Rail line Yuen Long station,
MTR Bus Route K65, K74 		600

Notes

  1. ^ Formerly San Shek Wan Stop
  2. ^ Formerly Pak Kok Stop
  3. ^ Formerly Technical Institute Stop
  4. ^ Formerly Ho King Stop
  5. ^ Formerly Tin Shui Wai Terminus
  6. ^ Formerly Town Hall Stop

Current service pattern

There are currently 12 routes serving the Light Rail system:

  • Before 23 August 2010, 761P operated special services between Yuen Long and Tin Wing (via Wetland Park) at 30-minute intervals from 10:00 to 15:00 daily.
  • After the opening of West Rail line, the demand for Light Rail services between Siu Hong and Yuen Long decreased. Therefore, half of 614 and 615 services were changed to short-distance services operating between Siu Hong and Ferry Pier, numbered 614P and 615P respectively.
  • Line 751P is the short-distance service of 751 in Tin Shui Wai, only in service during morning and afternoon peak time and suspends service during public holidays and school holidays

Fares

The Light Rail is the only public transport system in Hong Kong to have fare zones and the only one with an honour system, in which there are no ticket gates. These fare zones apply only to passengers purchasing single-ride tickets from ticketing machines at LRT stops. Since the introduction of Octopus cards, however, passengers have a choice of ticketing options. All fares indicated below are for adults, while children and the elderly usually pay the concessionary fare, which is about half the adult fare.

Single-ride tickets

There are six fare zones – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 5A – for passengers purchasing single-ride tickets in Light Rail stops. Zone 5A was introduced solely for the latest extension in Tin Shui Wai, and both zones 5 and 5A are only connected to Zone 4. Therefore, travelling between zones 5 and 5A is considered as travelling through three zones.

Octopus cards

Octopus card fares are calculated based on the minimum number of stops travelled (from origin to destination stops), rather than the number of fare zones travelled through. All stops have Octopus entry and exit processors at the entrances to and exits from platforms. Passengers may enter the system after scanning their Octopus card at an orange 'Entry Processor' reader. At this point, the maximum fare is deducted from the card. On completion of a journey, the card previously read by an 'Entry Processor' must be scanned at a dark-green 'Exit Processor', where the maximum fare less the fare incurred is refunded. Failure to do so within the time limit would cause the fare difference to be forfeited. If a person exits the same platform with the same card within 5 minutes, the fare deducted will be fully refunded.

Light-blue 'Enquiry Processors' can also be found on most platforms. Like enquiry processors found in other places, passengers can check the balance on their card, along with the 10 most recent Octopus transactions. If a Personalised Octopus card is used, the number of Light Rail credits accumulated is also shown.

Passengers using Personalised Octopus cards are able to participate in the Light Rail Bonus Scheme. A card on which fares totalling HK$30 (adults) or HK$15 (children/seniors) or more are paid over six consecutive days gets an automatic credit of HK$3 (adults) or HK$1.5 (children/seniors).

Passengers using Octopus cards that are registered with the MTR Club are automatically enrolled into the MTR Club Bonus Scheme. Members can earn Bonus Points by riding on the MTR, Airport Express, Light Rail and MTR Bus with their registered Octopus card during the promotion period. Members can then redeem these points for exclusive rewards. Passengers can visit the MTR website for the information of the gift during that particular promotion period. [13]

Incidents

  • In July 1994, a light rail vehicle and a lorry collided, killing the LRV captain.[14]
  • On 11 September 1994, a coach carrying factory workers ran a red light and was crushed between two light rail trains at a junction near Fu Tei. The coach driver and a coach passenger were killed.[15] The two LRV captains were cleared of wrongdoing. The railway inspectorate also said the design of the junction was not to blame. The government said it would implement video recording at LRT junctions, improve road signage between Tuen Mun and Yuen Long, and better educate drivers.[16]
  • On 13 January 1995, a light rail train derailed as a result of intentional vandalism to the points at Tin King and Ming Kum roads. The KCRC had not received any threats or warning beforehand.[17]
  • On 9 February 2010, a construction crane fell on an LRT train as it approached Leung King stop. 18 were injured.[18]
  • On 17 May 2013, a CSR Phase IV light rail train, cars 1112 and 1117 on route 761P, derailed and crashed while navigating a tight curve at 40.9 km/h, in excess of the posted speed limit of 15 km/h. The train was turning from Kiu Hung Road to Castle Peak Road south of Tin Shui Wai. At least 77 people were injured in the crash.[19] The LRV captain was convicted of negligence under the Mass Transit Railway Ordinance.[20]
  • On 19 August 2013, a 63-year-old man was killed at Locwood stop while crossing the tracks at a crossing point; the train did not stop in time.[21]
  • On 21 November 2014, LRV 1093 on route 507 collided with an MTR double decker bus near Tuen Mun Ferry Terminus. The bus crashed because it ran a red light. The train derailed and 20 were injured.[22]

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Transport" (PDF). Hong Kong: The Facts. Hong Kong Government. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  2. ^ Jim, Timothy (26 February 1983). "LRT operator must pay $280m premium". South China Morning Post.
  3. ^ Jim, Timothy (23 November 1983). "KCR offered LRT system". South China Morning Post.
  4. ^ Jim, Timothy (20 December 1983). "KCR to study Light Rail to NT". South China Morning Post.
  5. ^ Yeung 2008, p. 171.
  6. ^ Runnacles, T.V. (January 1989). "Tramway Developments in Hong Kong / Part 6: The Tuen Mun—Yuen Long LRT system". Modern Tramway & Light Rail Transit, pp. 3–18. Ian Allan Publishing/Light Rail Transit Association.
  7. ^ "Cap 372 Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation. Department of Justice. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  8. ^ "LCQ15: Mass Transit Railway By-laws and Mass Transit Railway (North-west Railway) Bylaw". Legislative Council. 13 May 2015.
  9. ^ Dateline Hong Kong 8-8-88 Transit Australia January 1989 pages 3-10
  10. ^ (8 December 2003)亞洲電視-輕鐵新支線第一個工作天, YouTube
  11. ^ "KCRC Light Rail Tin Shui Wai extensions to open on 7 December". Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation. 28 November 2003.
  12. ^ https://www.mtr.com.hk/archive/corporate/en/press_release/PR-16-067-E.pdf
  13. ^ "MTR > MTR Club Bonus Points Scheme". www.mtr.com.hk. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  14. ^ Yeung 2008, p. 225.
  15. ^ Ball, Steve (27 September 1994). "Secret report on LRT crash calls for safety moves". South China Morning Post.
  16. ^ "LRT boosts safety after crash deaths". South China Morning Post. 2 October 1994. p. 2.
  17. ^ Szeto, Wanda (13 January 1995). "LRT train derailed by vandals". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  18. ^ Lo, Clifford; Wan, Adrian; Wong, Martin (10 September 2010). "Building crane topples onto LRT train". South China Morning Post.
  19. ^ "Baby among 77 injured after train derails in Tin Shui Wai". South China Morning Post. 18 May 2013.
  20. ^ "Record of train service disruptions of 31 Minutes or above caused by equipment failure or human factor from 2011 to October 2015" (PDF). Legislative Council. 9 December 2015.
  21. ^ Lai Ying-kit (19 August 2013). "Man killed by light rail train in Tin Shui Wai". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  22. ^ "Twenty hurt in Light Rail-Bus crash". The Standard. 21 November 2014. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

Bibliography

  • Yeung, Rikkie (2008). Moving Millions: The Commercial Success and Political Controversies of Hong Kong's Railways. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
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