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{{short description|Genus of Cretaceous cephalopods}} |
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{{italictitle}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Albian|Campanian}} |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| phylum = [[Mollusca]] |
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|image=TusoteuthisDB2.jpg |
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| classis = [[Cephalopoda]] |
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| ordo = [[Octopoda]] |
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| subordo = †Teudopseina |
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| familia = †[[Muensterellidae]] |
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| genus = †'''''Enchoteuthis'''''<br><small>Miller & Walker, 1968</small> |
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| type_species = †'''''Enchoteuthis melanae'''''<br><small>Miller & Walker, 1968</small> |
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| subdivision_ranks = Other species |
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| subdivision = |
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*†'''''E. tonii''''' <small>Wade, 1993</small> |
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*†'''''E. cobbani''''' <small>Larson, 2010</small> |
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|synonyms = |
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*''Niobrarateuthis walkeri'' <br><small>Green, 1977</small> |
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*''Kansasteuthis lindneri'' <br><small>Miller & Walker, 1968</small> |
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}} |
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'''''Tusoteuthis''''' (meaning "crushed squid") is an extinct genus of very large enchoteuthidid [[cephalopod]] that lived during the [[Cretaceous]]. Although often called a [[squid]], it is now thought to be more closely related to modern [[octopuses]]. Examination of [[Gladius (cephalopod)|gladius]] remains has yielded an estimated [[mantle (mollusc)|mantle]] length close to or equal to that of the modern [[giant squid]]. Fossil remains have been found in parts of the one-time [[Western Interior Seaway]] of [[North America]], including Late Cretaceous rocks in [[Kansas]], [[Colorado]], [[Wyoming]], [[South Dakota]], [[North Dakota]], and [[Manitoba Province]]. One species, ''T. longa'', is traditionally recognized. |
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==Description== |
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==Classification== |
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==Paleoecology== |
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''Tusoteuthis'' is assumed to have preyed on other cephalopods, fish, and possibly even small marine reptiles.<ref name=everhart>{{cite book|last=Everhart|first=Mike|title=Sea Monsters: Prehistoric Creatures of the Deep |year=2007 |publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1426200854 |page=92}}</ref> |
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Despite its size, which was around 20 to 35 feet (6 to 11 metres) long with tentacles fully outstretched, ''Tusoteuthis'' was still preyed on by other animals, especially the many, various predatory fish of the [[Western Interior Seaway]]. A fossil of the predatory [[aulopiformes|aulopiform]], ''[[Cimolichthys]] nepaholica'', was found with the gladius of ''T. longa'' in its gullet. The back portion of the gladius was in the stomach region, while the mouth of ''C. nepaholica'' had remained opened, suggesting that the fish had died in the middle of swallowing the cephalopod, tail first. Researchers strongly suspect that as the fish was swallowing ''Tusoteuthis'', the head and/or tentacles remained outside the mouth, thus blocking the gills of the fish, and suffocating it as it swallowed its prey.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kauffman |first=E. G. |year=1990 |chapter=Cretaceous fish predation on a large squid |pages=195–196 |editor=Boucot, A. J. |title=Evolutionary Paleobiology and Coevolution |publisher=Elsevier |location=Amsterdam}}</ref> |
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