User:Aloparc/sandbox: Difference between revisions
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=== Theileria === |
=== Theileria === |
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''Theileria'' is a haematozoan parasite that is transmitted by ''Haemaphysalis longicornis'' ticks that emerged from the Eastern hemisphere. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oakes |first1=Vanessa, J. |title=Theileria orientalis Ikeda Genotype in Cattle, Virginia, USA |journal=Emergent Infectious Disease |date=September 2019 |doi=10.3201/eid2509.190088}}</ref> |
''Theileria'' is a haematozoan parasite that is transmitted by ''Haemaphysalis longicornis'' ticks that emerged from the Eastern hemisphere. <ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Oakes |first1=Vanessa, J. |title=Theileria orientalis Ikeda Genotype in Cattle, Virginia, USA |journal=Emergent Infectious Disease |date=September 2019 |doi=10.3201/eid2509.190088}}</ref> |
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Cases of''Theileria orientalis'' were recently found in the Eastern United States in 2017 in which cattle in Virginia presented symptoms concurrent with the parasite. However, further investigation identified the tick to be prevalent in the United States as early as 2010, with eight other states along the coast detecting this parasite. The''Theileria orientalis'' parasite, like other haematozoa, infect erythrocytes and leukocytes which cause chronic anemia resulting in illness and death of cattle. Infections by the tick parasite include anemia, jaundice, and anorexia in cattle. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Jingo |title=Genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in the Republic of Korea |journal=Parasitology Research |date=06 November 2016 |issue=Springer LInk |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-016-5316-7}}</ref> Identification of ''Theileria orientalis'' is achieved by the sequencing of a small ribosomal subunit as well as a major piroplasm surface protein. These key genes aide in identification of the genotypic classification of ''Theileria orientalis''<ref |
Cases of ''Theileria orientalis'' were recently found in the Eastern United States in 2017 in which cattle in Virginia presented symptoms concurrent with the parasite. However, further investigation identified the tick to be prevalent in the United States as early as 2010, with eight other states along the coast detecting this parasite. The ''Theileria orientalis'' parasite, like other haematozoa, infect erythrocytes and leukocytes which cause chronic anemia resulting in illness and death of cattle. Infections by the tick parasite include anemia, jaundice, and anorexia in cattle. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Jingo |title=Genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in the Republic of Korea |journal=Parasitology Research |date=06 November 2016 |issue=Springer LInk |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-016-5316-7}}</ref> Identification of ''Theileria orientalis'' is achieved by the sequencing of a small ribosomal subunit as well as a major piroplasm surface protein. These key genes aide in identification of the genotypic classification of ''Theileria orientalis.'' <ref name=":0" /> |
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===Avian Infections=== |
===Avian Infections=== |
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Revision as of 15:45, 6 April 2021
Haematozoa
Plasmodium
Blood parasites of the Plasmodium genus produce malaria which most commonly infect vertebrates with only four known strains that infect humans. [1] Species that infect humans include; Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodiun ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. Parasites are transmitted through malaria infected mosquitos which inject [[1]] into human hosts. When injected, sporozites, the parasites infective cells, migrate to the liver and rupture which increases the spread inside the host. [2]The study of Plasmodium parasites have been significant in serving the role as a model organism for human malaria research as similarities in pathological effects of parasites on avian hosts have been found in malaria parasites in humans by transmission of mosquito bites. [Malaria] Further investigation aides in antimalaria drug screening. [3]
The pattern in which Haematozoa infect a host cell depends on the genera of the blood parasite. Plasmodium , which is most commonly found in Malaria infections and Leucozytozoon displace the nucleus in the host cell so that the parasite can take control of the cell where as Hemoproteus completely envelops the nucleus in a host cell...https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/haematozoa
Theileria
Theileria is a haematozoan parasite that is transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks that emerged from the Eastern hemisphere. [4] Cases of Theileria orientalis were recently found in the Eastern United States in 2017 in which cattle in Virginia presented symptoms concurrent with the parasite. However, further investigation identified the tick to be prevalent in the United States as early as 2010, with eight other states along the coast detecting this parasite. The Theileria orientalis parasite, like other haematozoa, infect erythrocytes and leukocytes which cause chronic anemia resulting in illness and death of cattle. Infections by the tick parasite include anemia, jaundice, and anorexia in cattle. [5] Identification of Theileria orientalis is achieved by the sequencing of a small ribosomal subunit as well as a major piroplasm surface protein. These key genes aide in identification of the genotypic classification of Theileria orientalis. [4]
Avian Infections
Avian haemosoporidians are expressed globally with the exception of polar regions. They are mainly found in wet tropical climates which provide easy transmission of haematozoan infections. Avian species provide appealing hosts as they can transmit infections around the globe during migratory periods, providing increased fitness of haematozoa. Infections can restrict host populations like South American [[2]]
- ^ Redig, Patrick, T. (2018). "Haematozoa". Encyclopedia of Reproduction. 6 (Second Edition): 631-636.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ McConnaughey, M (2018). "Life Cycle of Parasites". Encyclopedia of Reproduction. 6 (Second Edition).
- ^ Santiago-Alarcon, Diego (January 2020). Avian Malaria and Related parasites in the Tropics. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-51633-8.
- ^ a b Oakes, Vanessa, J. (September 2019). "Theileria orientalis Ikeda Genotype in Cattle, Virginia, USA". Emergent Infectious Disease. doi:10.3201/eid2509.190088.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Park, Jingo (06 November 2016). "Genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in the Republic of Korea". Parasitology Research (Springer LInk).
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)