Kolathiri: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 21:08, 6 April 2021

Kolathiri or Kolathiri Rājā (King of Kolathunādu) was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the Mushika or Kolathunādu Royal Family (Kolaswarũpam) was styled.^[1]^[2] The Mushika Family came to be known as Kolathiri over the centuries, and were directly related to, and descended from the Cheras, Pandyas, Cholas, and the Ay (subsequently known later as the Venad and much later the 'Travancore' Royal Family) originating in the Thiruvananthapuram area. The Kolathiri would have started out as a branch of the Cheras and the Ay in the period it was known as Mushika. At 1120 AD a Tulu invader called Banapperumal, who was the brother of Tulu Alupas attacked Mooshika country with 350000 strong Nair army^[3]. Banapperumal established his capital at Valarpattinam near Kannur^[4].Banapperumals son Udayavarman Kolathiri became the first Kolathiri ruler with the title Cheraman Vadakkum Perumal, a rival Chera dynasty^[3].Banapperumal was supported by Arabs. When he faced opposition after executing Padamala Nair the cammander of Tulu army Banapperumal converted to Islam with the help of mahaldweep ruler Kalaminja alias Dhovemi of the Maldives in 1153 AD, and left for Arabia^[3]. The Matriarchal Tulu dynasty, the Kolathiri dynasty otherwise called Chirackal Rajavamsam by siding with Delhi Sultanate and Madurai Sultanate replaced all Tamil Villavar dynasties with Tulu-Nepalese Samantha Namboothiri dynasties. After Malik Kafurs attack in 1311 AD two Tulu princesses called Attingal and Kunnumel Ranis replaced the Last Tamil Villavar Chera dynasty king Veera Udaya Marthanda Varma.The Kolathiri and the later day Matriarchal kings of Kerala were descendents of migrants from Ahichatra^[5] and of Tulu-Nepalese ancestry. They had their seat at Ezhimala in Kerala, India and was one of the major political houses which became completely independent and prominent in Kerala, after the disappearance of the imperial Kulasekharas or Perumāl rulers of Mahodayapuram by the twelfth century AD.^[6] The Kolathiri family and the Travancore family reciprocally adopted girl-children from each other for several centuries right into the 1990s.

Cultural depictions

"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a Malayalam film titled Urumi. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by Vasco da Gama, who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the spice route; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.

References

^ Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)
^ The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.
^ ^a ^b ^c Keralolpathi 2016, pp. pp. 34-45.
^ Keralolpathi 2016, pp. pp. 43.
^ Keralolpathi 2016, pp. pp. 01.
^ Perumals of Kerala by M. G. S. Narayanan (Calicut: Private Circulation, 1996)

[Kol1-1] Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)

[Kol2-2] The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.

[FOOTNOTEKeralolpathi2016pp._34-45-3] Keralolpathi 2016, pp. pp. 34-45.

[FOOTNOTEKeralolpathi2016pp._43-4] Keralolpathi 2016, pp. pp. 43.

[FOOTNOTEKeralolpathi2016pp._01-5] Keralolpathi 2016, pp. pp. 01.

[Kol29-6] Perumals of Kerala by M. G. S. Narayanan (Calicut: Private Circulation, 1996)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Main|Mushika Kingdom}}
-'''Kolathiri''' or '''Kolathiri Rājā (King of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathunādu]])''' was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or '''Kolathunādu Royal Family''' (Kolaswarũpam) was styled.<ref name = "Kol1">Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)</ref><ref name = "Kol2">The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.</ref> The Mushika Family came to be known as Kolathiri over the centuries, and were directly related to, and descended from the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], and the [[Ay kingdom|Ay]] (subsequently known later as the [[Venad]] and much later the 'Travancore' Royal Family) originating in the [[Thiruvananthapuram]] area. The Kolathiri would have started out as a branch of the Cheras and the Ay in the period it was known as Mushika. At 1120 AD a Tulu invader called Banapperumal, who was the brother of Tulu [[Alupas]] attacked Mooshika country with 350000 strong [[Nair]] army{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 34-45}}. Banapperumal established his capital at Valarpattinam near Kannur{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 43}}.Banapperumals son Udayavarman Kolathiri became the first Kolathiri ruler with the title Cheraman Vadakkum Perumal, a rival Chera dynasty{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 34-45}}.Banapperumal was supported by Arabs. When he faced opposition after executing Padamala Nair the cammander of Tulu army Banapperumal converted to Islam with the help of mahaldweep ruler [[Kalamanja]], and left for Arabia{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 34-45}}. The Matriarchal Tulu dynasty, the Kolathiri dynasty otherwise called Chirackal Rajavamsam by siding with [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mabar Sultanate]] replaced all Tamil [[Villavar]] dynasties with Tulu-Nepalese Samantha [[Namboothiri]] dynasties. After [[Malik Kafur]]s attack in 1311 AD two Tulu princesses called Attingal and Kunnumel Ranis replaced the Last Tamil [[Villavar]] Chera dynasty king Veera Udaya Marthanda Varma.The Kolathiri and the later day Matriarchal kings of Kerala were descendents of migrants from [[Ahichatra]]{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 01}} and of Tulu-Nepalese ancestry.
+'''Kolathiri''' or '''Kolathiri Rājā (King of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathunādu]])''' was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or '''Kolathunādu Royal Family''' (Kolaswarũpam) was styled.<ref name = "Kol1">Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)</ref><ref name = "Kol2">The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.</ref> The Mushika Family came to be known as Kolathiri over the centuries, and were directly related to, and descended from the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], and the [[Ay kingdom|Ay]] (subsequently known later as the [[Venad]] and much later the 'Travancore' Royal Family) originating in the [[Thiruvananthapuram]] area. The Kolathiri would have started out as a branch of the Cheras and the Ay in the period it was known as Mushika. At 1120 AD a Tulu invader called Banapperumal, who was the brother of Tulu [[Alupas]] attacked Mooshika country with 350000 strong [[Nair]] army{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 34-45}}. Banapperumal established his capital at Valarpattinam near Kannur{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 43}}.Banapperumals son Udayavarman Kolathiri became the first Kolathiri ruler with the title Cheraman Vadakkum Perumal, a rival Chera dynasty{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 34-45}}.Banapperumal was supported by Arabs. When he faced opposition after executing Padamala Nair the cammander of Tulu army Banapperumal converted to Islam with the help of mahaldweep ruler Kalaminja alias [[Dhovemi of the Maldives]] in 1153 AD, and left for Arabia{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 34-45}}. The Matriarchal Tulu dynasty, the Kolathiri dynasty otherwise called Chirackal Rajavamsam by siding with [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Madurai Sultanate]] replaced all Tamil [[Villavar]] dynasties with Tulu-Nepalese Samantha [[Namboothiri]] dynasties. After [[Malik Kafur]]s attack in 1311 AD two Tulu princesses called Attingal and Kunnumel Ranis replaced the Last Tamil [[Villavar]] Chera dynasty king Veera Udaya Marthanda Varma.The Kolathiri and the later day Matriarchal kings of Kerala were descendents of migrants from [[Ahichatra]]{{sfn|Keralolpathi|2016|pp= pp. 01}} and of Tulu-Nepalese ancestry.
 They had their seat at Ezhimala in [[Kerala]], [[India]] and was one of the major political houses which became completely independent and prominent in Kerala, after the disappearance of the imperial Kulasekharas or Perumāl rulers of Mahodayapuram by the twelfth century AD.<ref name = "Kol29">Perumals of Kerala by M. G. S. Narayanan (Calicut: Private Circulation, 1996)</ref> The Kolathiri family and the Travancore family reciprocally adopted girl-children from each other for several centuries right into the 1990s.