Ismail Selim Pasha: Difference between revisions
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'''Ismail Selim Pasha''' ({{lang-el|Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασάς}}, c. 1809–1867), also known as '''Ismail Ferik Pasha''', was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Khedivate of Egypt|Egyptian]] general of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin. He also served as Minister of Military Affairs of [[Egypt Eyalet|Eyalet of Egypt]], which is Ottoman Empire's administrative state. Selim Pasha was brother of the merchant [[Antonios Papadakis]]. |
'''Ismail Selim Pasha''' ({{lang-el|Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασάς}}, c. 1809–1867), also known as '''Ismail Ferik Pasha''', was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Khedivate of Egypt|Egyptian]] general of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin. He also served as Minister of Military Affairs of [[Egypt Eyalet|Eyalet of Egypt]], which is Ottoman Empire's administrative state. Selim Pasha was brother of the merchant and benefactor [[Antonios Papadakis]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Ismail Selim was born Emmanouil ({{lang-el|Εμμανουήλ Παπαδάκης}}) around 1809 in |
Ismail Selim was born Emmanouil ({{lang-el|Εμμανουήλ Παπαδάκης}}) around 1809 in the [[Psychro]] village, located at the [[Lasithi Plateau]] on the island of [[Crete]]. He was a son of the priest of Psychro Fragios Papadakis ({{lang-el|Φραγκιός Παπαδάκης}}). When the priest Fragios Papadakis, was slaughtered in 1823 by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] during the [[Greek War of Independence]], Emmanouil and his younger brothers [[Antonios Papadakis]] ({{lang-el|Αντώνιος Παπαδάκης (1810-1878}}) and Andreas were captured by the Ottoman forces under Hassan Pasha who seized the plateau and were sold as [[Slavery in the Ottoman Empire|slaves]]. |
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==Military career== |
==Military career== |
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In 1866, Selim replaced Shaheen Pasha, in the command of over 20,000 Egyptian troops sent by the [[Khedive]] of Egypt [[Isma'il Pasha]], to assist the [[Ottomans]] in quelling the [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|great revolt]] on his native land. By a coincidence of fate, Cretan revolutionaries were receiving supplies<ref>Book: Potamoi, by [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]] chapters A to Θ, [http://www.vikelaia.gr ]</ref> and financial support from Selim's brother Antonios who lived in [[Athens]]. Antonios had been sold to [[Constantinople]] and later managed to escape to [[Odessa]] where he prospered under the protection of the [[Sturdza family]]<ref>Further reading [[Mihail Sturdza]], [[Roxandra Sturdza]], [[Alexandru Sturdza]]</ref> and became very wealthy. Selim was aware of his brother's life and had been corresponding with him.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/92418 Ο εθνικός ευεργέτης Αντώνης Φ. Παπαδάκης, Πατρίς onLine, 24 Αυγούστου 2006]</ref> |
In 1866, Selim replaced Shaheen Pasha, in the command of over 20,000 Egyptian troops sent by the [[Khedive]] of Egypt [[Isma'il Pasha]], to assist the [[Ottomans]] in quelling the [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|great revolt]] on his native land. By a coincidence of fate, Cretan revolutionaries were receiving supplies<ref>Book: Potamoi, by [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]] chapters A to Θ, [http://www.vikelaia.gr ]</ref> and financial support from Selim's brother Antonios who lived in [[Athens]]. Antonios had been sold to [[Constantinople]] and later managed to escape to [[Odessa]] where he prospered under the protection of the [[Sturdza family]]<ref>Further reading [[Mihail Sturdza]], [[Roxandra Sturdza]], [[Alexandru Sturdza]]</ref> and became very wealthy. Selim was aware of his brother's life and had been corresponding with him.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/92418 Ο εθνικός ευεργέτης Αντώνης Φ. Παπαδάκης, Πατρίς onLine, 24 Αυγούστου 2006]</ref> |
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In Crete, Selim took part in several battles as well as in the siege of the [[Arkadi Monastery]]. During the late spring of 1867, he and [[Omar Pasha]] marched towards the Lasithi plateau aiming to crush the rebels.<ref name="Patris29052007">[http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817 Η Μάχη του Λασιθίου: Στη μεγάλη Κρητική Επανάσταση 1866-1869, Πατρίς onLine, 29 Μαΐου 2007]; archived [https://www.webcitation.org/6qNoPxguj?url=http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817/ here]</ref><ref>General [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]], author, book The Alexises, Athens, 1969, pgs 102-122, 232, 321 [http://www.vikelaia.gr ] and [http://www.nlg.gr ]</ref> Soon after the destruction of Lasithi, Selim died of an unknown cause. According to one reference he died of [[typhoid fever]], while other sources attribute his death to the complications of a gunshot wound he had received earlier in [[Stylos]], and a third reference tells that the death of Ismail might have been poisoning. |
In Crete, Selim took part in several battles as well as in the siege of the [[Arkadi Monastery]]. During the late spring of 1867, he and [[Omar Pasha]] marched towards the Lasithi plateau aiming to crush the rebels.<ref name="Patris29052007">[http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817 Η Μάχη του Λασιθίου: Στη μεγάλη Κρητική Επανάσταση 1866-1869, Πατρίς onLine, 29 Μαΐου 2007]; archived [https://www.webcitation.org/6qNoPxguj?url=http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817/ here]</ref><ref>General [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]], author, book The Alexises, Athens, 1969, pgs 102-122, 232, 321 [http://www.vikelaia.gr ] and [http://www.nlg.gr ]</ref> Soon after the destruction of Lasithi, Selim died of an unknown cause. According to one reference he died of [[typhoid fever]], while other sources attribute his death to the complications of a gunshot wound he had received earlier in [[Stylos]], and a third reference tells that the death of Ismail might have been poisoning. It was said that Ismail did not move enough against the villagers, and therefore, Omar Pasha punished him.{{fact|date=February 2021}} When his brother Antonios learned about the death of his brother, he is rumored to have said that "perhaps my brother was hit by one of the weapons I sent". His body was transferred to Egypt and buried in [[Alexandria]] with high honors, whereas a [[cenotaph]] dedicated to him was erected in [[Heraklion]] and stood until 1925.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/119660 Η δραματική ζωή δυο αδελφών Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασά και Αντώνη Φ. Παπαδάκη, Πατρίς onLine, 17 Οκτωβρίου 2007]; archived [https://www.webcitation.org/6qNovdhQj?url=http://www.patris.gr/articles/119660 here]</ref> His bust is at the [[Egyptian National Military Museum]] in [[Cairo]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 06:20, 10 April 2021
Ismail Selim Pasha | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Birth name | Emmanouil Papadakis |
| Other name(s) | Ismail Ferik Pasha |
| Born | c. 1809 Psychro, Crete, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 1867 (aged 58) Crete, Ottoman Empire |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  Ottoman Empire |
| Rank | Ferik (lieutenant general) |
| Battles / wars | • Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833) • Cretan Revolt |
| Relations | Antonios Papadakis (brother) |
Ismail Selim Pasha (Template:Lang-el, c. 1809–1867), also known as Ismail Ferik Pasha, was an Ottoman-Egyptian general of Greek origin. He also served as Minister of Military Affairs of Eyalet of Egypt, which is Ottoman Empire's administrative state. Selim Pasha was brother of the merchant and benefactor Antonios Papadakis.
Early life
Ismail Selim was born Emmanouil (Template:Lang-el) around 1809 in the Psychro village, located at the Lasithi Plateau on the island of Crete. He was a son of the priest of Psychro Fragios Papadakis (Template:Lang-el). When the priest Fragios Papadakis, was slaughtered in 1823 by the Ottomans during the Greek War of Independence, Emmanouil and his younger brothers Antonios Papadakis (Template:Lang-el) and Andreas were captured by the Ottoman forces under Hassan Pasha who seized the plateau and were sold as slaves.
Military career
Selim was sold to Egypt where he converted to Islam and was admitted to the Egyptian Military Academy. After graduating, he pursued a military career and fought with Ibrahim in the campaigns in Syria. Selim rose quickly to the rank of Ferik (major general) and was appointed the Minister of Military Affairs of the state of Egypt. Ismail Selim Pasha gifted a yacht called Feyz-i Cihat belonging to the Egyptian Khedivate to the Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz in 1862.
Return to Crete and death
In 1866, Selim replaced Shaheen Pasha, in the command of over 20,000 Egyptian troops sent by the Khedive of Egypt Isma'il Pasha, to assist the Ottomans in quelling the great revolt on his native land. By a coincidence of fate, Cretan revolutionaries were receiving supplies[1] and financial support from Selim's brother Antonios who lived in Athens. Antonios had been sold to Constantinople and later managed to escape to Odessa where he prospered under the protection of the Sturdza family[2] and became very wealthy. Selim was aware of his brother's life and had been corresponding with him.[3]
In Crete, Selim took part in several battles as well as in the siege of the Arkadi Monastery. During the late spring of 1867, he and Omar Pasha marched towards the Lasithi plateau aiming to crush the rebels.[4][5] Soon after the destruction of Lasithi, Selim died of an unknown cause. According to one reference he died of typhoid fever, while other sources attribute his death to the complications of a gunshot wound he had received earlier in Stylos, and a third reference tells that the death of Ismail might have been poisoning. It was said that Ismail did not move enough against the villagers, and therefore, Omar Pasha punished him.[citation needed] When his brother Antonios learned about the death of his brother, he is rumored to have said that "perhaps my brother was hit by one of the weapons I sent". His body was transferred to Egypt and buried in Alexandria with high honors, whereas a cenotaph dedicated to him was erected in Heraklion and stood until 1925.[6] His bust is at the Egyptian National Military Museum in Cairo.
References
- ^ Book: Potamoi, by Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis chapters A to Θ, [1]
- ^ Further reading Mihail Sturdza, Roxandra Sturdza, Alexandru Sturdza
- ^ Ο εθνικός ευεργέτης Αντώνης Φ. Παπαδάκης, Πατρίς onLine, 24 Αυγούστου 2006
- ^ Η Μάχη του Λασιθίου: Στη μεγάλη Κρητική Επανάσταση 1866-1869, Πατρίς onLine, 29 Μαΐου 2007; archived here
- ^ General Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis, author, book The Alexises, Athens, 1969, pgs 102-122, 232, 321 [2] and [3]
- ^ Η δραματική ζωή δυο αδελφών Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασά και Αντώνη Φ. Παπαδάκη, Πατρίς onLine, 17 Οκτωβρίου 2007; archived here
External links
| International | |
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| National | |
- 19th-century Egyptian people
- 19th-century Greek people
- Greek slaves of the Ottoman Empire
- Egyptian people of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
- 1809 births
- 1867 deaths
- People of the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent
- Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy
- Former Greek Orthodox Christians
- Egyptian pashas
- Ottoman Crete
- Burials in Egypt
- Genealogy of Crete
- History of Crete
- People from Lasithi Plateau