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{{short description|Legendary hill or mountain in Ireland}}
{{short description|Legendary hill or mountain in Ireland}}
In [[Arthurian legend]], '''Mount Killaraus''' ({{lang-la|mons Killaraus}}) is a [[legend]]ary place in [[Ireland]] where [[Stonehenge]] originally stood.
In [[Arthurian legend]], '''Mount Killaraus''' ({{lang-la|mons Killaraus}}) is a [[legend]]ary place in [[Ireland]] where [[Stonehenge]] originally stood. The tale is first recorded in [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s 12th century ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' ('History of the Kings of Britain'). It tells how king [[Ambrosius Aurelianus|Aurelius Ambrosius]] sought to build a memorial to the [[Celtic Britons]] who were treacherously slain by [[Anglo-Saxons]]. When his carpenters and masons cannot come up with a suitably awe-inspiring monument, Ambrosius asks the wizard [[Merlin (wizard)|Merlin]] for advice. Merlin tells the king to transport a [[stone circle]] called the Giant's Ring from Mount Killaraus in Ireland. He says they are magical healing stones that had been brought from Africa by giants. [[Uther Pendragon]] sails to Ireland with 15,000 men to retrieve the stones. The Irish king Gillomanius marches against them with a large army, but is defeated. With Merlin's help, the Britons transport the stones to Britain and set them up as they had originally stood.<ref>Ring, Trudy (editor). ''International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 2: Northern Europe''. Routledge, 1995. pp.34-35</ref>


== Merlin legend ==
The name ''mons Killaraus'' could mean the "hill of [[Killare (civil parish)|Killare]]" and thus may refer to the [[Hill of Uisneach]].<ref>Dames, Michael. ''Ireland: A Sacred Journey''. Element Books, 2000. p.190</ref><ref>Veach, Colin. ''Lordship in Four Realms: The Lacy Family, 1166–1241''. Oxford University Press, 2015. p.62</ref> This is an ancient ceremonial site with numerous prehistoric monuments, which was seen as the sacred centre of Ireland. Although the tale is fiction, archaeologist [[Mike Parker Pearson]] suggests that there may be a "tiny grain of truth" in it.<ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/dramatic-stonehenge-discovery-boosts-irish-account-of-its-origins-1.4483067 "Dramatic Stonehenge discovery boosts ‘Irish’ account of its origins"]. ''[[The Irish Times]]'', 12 February 2021.</ref> Many of Stonehenge's original [[bluestone]]s came from the [[Preseli Hills]] in west [[Wales]], and in the early Middle Ages this region of Wales was considered Irish territory (see [[Wales in the Roman era#Irish settlement|Irish settlement in Wales]]). Pearson's team of archaeologists found evidence suggesting that most of the [[Waun Mawn]] stone circle in the Preseli Hills was taken down and brought to [[Salisbury Plain]], where it became the first phase of Stonehenge.<ref>[[Mike Parker Pearson|Pearson, M.]], Pollard, J., Richards, C., Welham, K., Kinnaird, T., Shaw, D., Simmons, E., Stanford, A., Bevins, R., Ixer, R., Ruggles. C., Rylatt, J. and Edinborough, K. (2021). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/original-stonehenge-a-dismantled-stone-circle-in-the-preseli-hills-of-west-wales/B7DAA4A7792B4DAB57DDE0E3136FBC33 The original Stonehenge? A dismantled stone circle in the Preseli Hills of west Wales]. ''[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]]'', 95(379), pp.85-103. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.239</ref>
The first record of the Merlin story is in [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s 12th&nbsp;century ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' ('History of the Kings of Britain'). It tells how king [[Ambrosius Aurelianus|Aurelius Ambrosius]] sought to build a memorial to the [[Celtic Britons]] who were treacherously slain by [[Anglo-Saxons]].

When his carpenters and masons cannot come up with a suitably awe-inspiring monument, Ambrosius asks the wizard [[Merlin (wizard)|Merlin]] for advice. Merlin tells the king to transport a [[stone circle]] called the Giant's Ring from Mount Killaraus in Ireland. He says they are magical healing stones that had been brought from Africa by giants.

[[Uther Pendragon]] sails to Ireland with 15,000&nbsp;men to retrieve the stones. The Irish king Gillomanius marches against them with a large army, but is defeated. With Merlin's help, the Britons transport the stones to Britain and set them up as they had originally stood.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Ring |editor-first=Trudy |year=1995 |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places |volume=Volume&nbsp;2: Northern Europe |pages=34-35 |publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

==Possible original==
=== Hill of Uisneach, Ireland ===
The name ''mons Killaraus'' could mean the "hill of [[Killare (civil parish)|Killare]]" and thus may refer to the [[Hill of Uisneach]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Dames |first=Michael |year=2000 |title=Ireland: A sacred journey |page=190 |publisher=Element Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Veach |first=Colin |year=2015 |title=Lordship in Four Realms: The Lacy family, 1166–1241 |page=62 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> This is an ancient ceremonial site with numerous prehistoric monuments, which was seen as the sacred centre of Ireland.

=== Waun Mawn circle, Wales ===
Many of Stonehenge's original [[bluestone]]s have been traced to quarrys in the [[Preseli Hills]], in west [[Wales]]. In the early Middle Ages, this region of Wales was considered Irish territory (see [[Wales in the Roman era#Irish settlement|Irish settlement in Wales]]).

Although the Merlin tale is fiction, archaeologist [[Mike Parker Pearson]] suggests that there may be a "tiny grain of truth" in it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dramatic Stonehenge discovery boosts ‘Irish’ account of its origins |date=12 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |department=Culture & heritage |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/dramatic-stonehenge-discovery-boosts-irish-account-of-its-origins-1.4483067}}</ref>

[[Mike Parker Pearson|Pearson's]] team of archaeologists found evidence suggesting that most of the [[Waun Mawn]] stone circle in the Preseli Hills was taken down and brought to [[Salisbury Plain]], where it became the first phase of Stonehenge.<ref>{{cite journal |author1-link=Mike Parker Pearson |author1=Pearson, M. |author2=Pollard, J. |author3=Richards, C. |author4=Welham, K. |author5=Kinnaird, T. |author6=Shaw, D. |author7=Simmons, E. |author8=Stanford, A. |author9=Bevins, R. |author10=Ixer, R. |author11=Ruggles. C. |author12=Rylatt, J. |author13=Edinborough, K. |display-authors=6 |year=2021 |title=The original Stonehenge? A dismantled stone circle in the Preseli Hills of west Wales |journal=[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]] |volume=95 |issue=379 |pages=85-103 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2020.239 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/original-stonehenge-a-dismantled-stone-circle-in-the-preseli-hills-of-west-wales/B7DAA4A7792B4DAB57DDE0E3136FBC33}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|25em}}


{{Stonehenge}}
{{Stonehenge}}

Revision as of 22:30, 14 April 2021

In Arthurian legend, Mount Killaraus (Template:Lang-la) is a legendary place in Ireland where Stonehenge originally stood.

Merlin legend

The first record of the Merlin story is in Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th century Historia Regum Britanniae ('History of the Kings of Britain'). It tells how king Aurelius Ambrosius sought to build a memorial to the Celtic Britons who were treacherously slain by Anglo-Saxons.

When his carpenters and masons cannot come up with a suitably awe-inspiring monument, Ambrosius asks the wizard Merlin for advice. Merlin tells the king to transport a stone circle called the Giant's Ring from Mount Killaraus in Ireland. He says they are magical healing stones that had been brought from Africa by giants.

Uther Pendragon sails to Ireland with 15,000 men to retrieve the stones. The Irish king Gillomanius marches against them with a large army, but is defeated. With Merlin's help, the Britons transport the stones to Britain and set them up as they had originally stood.[1]

Possible original

Hill of Uisneach, Ireland

The name mons Killaraus could mean the "hill of Killare" and thus may refer to the Hill of Uisneach.[2][3] This is an ancient ceremonial site with numerous prehistoric monuments, which was seen as the sacred centre of Ireland.

Waun Mawn circle, Wales

Many of Stonehenge's original bluestones have been traced to quarrys in the Preseli Hills, in west Wales. In the early Middle Ages, this region of Wales was considered Irish territory (see Irish settlement in Wales).

Although the Merlin tale is fiction, archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson suggests that there may be a "tiny grain of truth" in it.[4]

Pearson's team of archaeologists found evidence suggesting that most of the Waun Mawn stone circle in the Preseli Hills was taken down and brought to Salisbury Plain, where it became the first phase of Stonehenge.[5]

References

  1. ^ Ring, Trudy, ed. (1995). International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. Volume 2: Northern Europe. Routledge. pp. 34–35. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  2. ^ Dames, Michael (2000). Ireland: A sacred journey. Element Books. p. 190.
  3. ^ Veach, Colin (2015). Lordship in Four Realms: The Lacy family, 1166–1241. Oxford University Press. p. 62.
  4. ^ "Dramatic Stonehenge discovery boosts 'Irish' account of its origins". Culture & heritage. The Irish Times. 12 February 2021.
  5. ^ Pearson, M.; Pollard, J.; Richards, C.; Welham, K.; Kinnaird, T.; Shaw, D.; et al. (2021). "The original Stonehenge? A dismantled stone circle in the Preseli Hills of west Wales". Antiquity. 95 (379): 85–103. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.239.
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