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'''General elections''' were held in [[Peru]] on 11 April 2021. The presidential election will determine the [[President of Peru|President]] and the [[Vice President of Peru|Vice Presidents]], and the congressional elections will determine the composition of the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Congress of Peru]]. All 130 seats of the unicameral Congress were contested.
'''General elections''' were held in [[Peru]] on 11 April 2021. The presidential election will determine the [[President of Peru|President]] and the [[Vice President of Peru|Vice Presidents]], and the congressional elections will determine the composition of the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Congress of Peru]]. All 130 seats of the unicameral Congress were contested.


Eighteen candidates participated in the presidential election, the highest number of candidates since the [[2006 Peruvian general election]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2020-12-23|title=A record 22 candidates to square off in Peru's April presidential election|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-election-idUSKBN28X2OP|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref> [[Pedro Castillo]], a member of the left-wing [[Free Peru]] party, received the most votes in the first round. He will thus contest a run-off against [[Keiko Fujimori]], the leader of the right-wing [[Popular Force]], who had previously narrowly lost the run-offs of the [[2011 Peruvian general election|2011]] and the [[2016 Peruvian general election|2016]] elections.
Eighteen candidates participated in the presidential election, the highest number of candidates since the [[2006 Peruvian general election]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2020-12-23|title=A record 22 candidates to square off in Peru's April presidential election|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-election-idUSKBN28X2OP|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref> [[Pedro Castillo]], a member of the left-wing [[Free Peru]] party, received the most votes in the first round. He will thus contest a run-off against [[Keiko Fujimori]], the leader of the far-right [[Popular Force]], who had previously narrowly lost the run-offs of the [[2011 Peruvian general election|2011]] and the [[2016 Peruvian general election|2016]] elections.


If Castillo is elected, he would join a series of leaders who have revitalized the "[[pink tide]]" during the late 2010s and the early 2020s.<ref>https://www.ft.com/content/1f462bf1-a4d1-4a7e-a2f3-a43161b25d0b</ref> If Fujimori were to win, she would be Peru's first female president and the second of [[Asian Peruvians|East Asian descent]], after her father, [[Alberto Fujimori]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ignacio López-Calvo|title=The Affinity of the Eye: Writing Nikkei in Peru|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMY4-ffumwUC&pg=PA213|year=2013|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-9987-5|page=213}}</ref>
If Castillo is elected, he would join a series of leaders who have revitalized the "[[pink tide]]" during the late 2010s and the early 2020s.<ref>https://www.ft.com/content/1f462bf1-a4d1-4a7e-a2f3-a43161b25d0b</ref> If Fujimori were to win, she would be Peru's first female president and the second of [[Asian Peruvians|East Asian descent]], after her father, [[Alberto Fujimori]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ignacio López-Calvo|title=The Affinity of the Eye: Writing Nikkei in Peru|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMY4-ffumwUC&pg=PA213|year=2013|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-9987-5|page=213}}</ref>
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The first round was held on 11 April. The first exit polls published indicated that underdog nominee [[Pedro Castillo]] of [[Free Peru]] had placed first in the first round of voting with approximately 16.1% of the vote, with [[Hernando de Soto (economist)|Hernando de Soto]] and [[Keiko Fujimori]] tying with 11.9% each. [[Yonhy Lescano]], [[Rafael López Aliaga]], [[Verónika Mendoza]], [[George Forsyth (footballer)|George Forsyth]] followed, with each receiving 11%, 10.5%, 8.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. [[César Acuña]] and [[Daniel Urresti]] received 5.8% and 5%, respectively, while the rest of the nominees attained less than 3% of the popular vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/elecciones-2021/flash-electoral-de-elecciones-2021-sigue-en-vivo-los-resultados-ipsos-a-boca-de-urna-de-las-elecciones-generales-de-peru-del-2021-conteo-rapido-ganadores-en-lima-callao-y-departamentos-regiones-del-peru-nuevo-presidente-y-congresistas-resultados-elecciones-2021-pandemia-de-covid-19-presidente-del-peru-congreso-de-la-republica-noticia/|title=Conteo rápido de Ipsos al 100%: Pedro Castillo y Keiko Fujimori disputarían segunda vuelta de Elecciones 2021|website=elcomercio.pe|language=es|access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diariocorreo.pe/peru/flash-electoral-ipsos-resultados-boca-de-urna-conteo-rapido-elecciones-generales-de-peru-de-2021-ganadores-segunda-vuelta-candidatos-presidenciales-noticia/|title=Flash electoral a boca de urna región por región, según Ipsos|website=diariocorreo.pe|language=es|access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref> Castillo benefited from a metoric rise in opinion polls less than one month prior to the election at the expense of Lescano, de Soto, Mendoza, and López Aliaga. Forsyth, initially a strong favorite to win, saw his numbers plummet in the months leading up to the election after initially being disqualified by the electoral commission, falling from an expected 25% vote share in the first round in February 2021 opinion polls to less than 6% of the vote in the final result.
The first round was held on 11 April. The first exit polls published indicated that underdog nominee [[Pedro Castillo]] of [[Free Peru]] had placed first in the first round of voting with approximately 16.1% of the vote, with [[Hernando de Soto (economist)|Hernando de Soto]] and [[Keiko Fujimori]] tying with 11.9% each. [[Yonhy Lescano]], [[Rafael López Aliaga]], [[Verónika Mendoza]], [[George Forsyth (footballer)|George Forsyth]] followed, with each receiving 11%, 10.5%, 8.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. [[César Acuña]] and [[Daniel Urresti]] received 5.8% and 5%, respectively, while the rest of the nominees attained less than 3% of the popular vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/elecciones-2021/flash-electoral-de-elecciones-2021-sigue-en-vivo-los-resultados-ipsos-a-boca-de-urna-de-las-elecciones-generales-de-peru-del-2021-conteo-rapido-ganadores-en-lima-callao-y-departamentos-regiones-del-peru-nuevo-presidente-y-congresistas-resultados-elecciones-2021-pandemia-de-covid-19-presidente-del-peru-congreso-de-la-republica-noticia/|title=Conteo rápido de Ipsos al 100%: Pedro Castillo y Keiko Fujimori disputarían segunda vuelta de Elecciones 2021|website=elcomercio.pe|language=es|access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diariocorreo.pe/peru/flash-electoral-ipsos-resultados-boca-de-urna-conteo-rapido-elecciones-generales-de-peru-de-2021-ganadores-segunda-vuelta-candidatos-presidenciales-noticia/|title=Flash electoral a boca de urna región por región, según Ipsos|website=diariocorreo.pe|language=es|access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref> Castillo benefited from a metoric rise in opinion polls less than one month prior to the election at the expense of Lescano, de Soto, Mendoza, and López Aliaga. Forsyth, initially a strong favorite to win, saw his numbers plummet in the months leading up to the election after initially being disqualified by the electoral commission, falling from an expected 25% vote share in the first round in February 2021 opinion polls to less than 6% of the vote in the final result.


The second round is scheduled for 6 June, and is set to be a battle between the fiscally [[Far-left politics|far-left]] and socially conservative (represented by [[Free Peru]]) and the [[right-wing]] (represented by [[Popular Force]]).<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/surprise-development-angry-peruvians-propel-socialist-presidential-race-2021-04-12/</ref>
The second round is scheduled for 6 June, and is set to be a battle between the fiscally [[Far-left politics|far-left]] and socially conservative (represented by [[Free Peru]]) and the [[far-right]] (represented by [[Popular Force]]).<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/surprise-development-angry-peruvians-propel-socialist-presidential-race-2021-04-12/</ref>


{{Election results
{{Election results

Revision as of 20:25, 17 April 2021

2021 Peruvian general election
Presidential election
← 2016 11 April 2021 (first round)
6 June 2021 (second round)		 2026 →
Turnout70.21% (1st round)[1]
 
Nominee Pedro Castillo Keiko Fujimori
Party Free Peru Popular Force
Running mate Dina Boluarte
Vladimir Cerrón 		Luis Galarreta
Patricia Juárez
Candidate that received the most votes by First round results by department (left) and province (right)
Incumbent President

Francisco Sagasti
Purple Party



Congressional election
← 2020 11 April 2021 2026 →
All 130 seats in the Congress of Peru
66 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
Free Peru Vladimir Cerrón 37 +37
Popular Force Keiko Fujimori 24 +9
Popular Action Mesías Guevara 17 −8
APP César Acuña 15 −7
Popular Renewal Rafael López Aliaga 13 +13
Go on Country Pedro Cenas 7 +7
Together for Peru Roberto Sánchez 5 +5
Podemos Perú José Luna 5 −6
We Are Peru Patricia Li 4 −7
Purple Party Julio Guzmán 3 −6
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Politics of Peru
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Congress of the Republic
President
Eduardo Salhuana
Judiciary

Supreme Court of the Republic
President Javier Arévalo Vela [es]

Autonomies
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Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag Peru portal

General elections were held in Peru on 11 April 2021. The presidential election will determine the President and the Vice Presidents, and the congressional elections will determine the composition of the Congress of Peru. All 130 seats of the unicameral Congress were contested.

Eighteen candidates participated in the presidential election, the highest number of candidates since the 2006 Peruvian general election.[2] Pedro Castillo, a member of the left-wing Free Peru party, received the most votes in the first round. He will thus contest a run-off against Keiko Fujimori, the leader of the far-right Popular Force, who had previously narrowly lost the run-offs of the 2011 and the 2016 elections.

If Castillo is elected, he would join a series of leaders who have revitalized the "pink tide" during the late 2010s and the early 2020s.[3] If Fujimori were to win, she would be Peru's first female president and the second of East Asian descent, after her father, Alberto Fujimori.[4]

Electoral system

Presidential election

The President is elected using the two-round system. The first round voting was held on April 11 and allows eligible voters to vote for any viable presidential candidate. The top two candidates who receive a plurality of the vote proceed to the run-off election, which will take place two months later, in early June. The winner of the run-off election and the presidential election is the candidate who receives a plurality of the popular vote. However, if in the first round the candidate who is in the first place already gets more than 50% of the popular vote, that candidate will automatically win the election and a run-off election will no longer be needed.

Congressional elections

The 130 members of Congress are elected in 27 multi-member constituencies using open list proportional representation.[5] To enter Congress, parties must either cross the 5% electoral threshold at the national level, or win at least seven seats in one constituency. Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[6][7]

Andean parliament

Peru has 5 places in the Andean parliament. They are elected using a common constituency by open-list.

Date

Early election proposal

President Martín Vizcarra initially presented legislation that would set the conditions for a snap election in 2020. If successful, Vizcarra would not be eligible for re-election.[8][9] The 2020 proposed Peruvian general election would be held on 11 April 2020, to elect a new President of the Republic of Peru, along with 130 congressmen of the Congress of Peru. It was eventually decided to be held on 26 January 2020. Opposition lawmakers condemned Vizcarra's proposal, defending the practice of five year terms.[10] This constitutional reform was rejected.[11]

Official election date

The 2021 Peruvian general election were held on 11 April 2021, to elect the president of the Republic of Peru, two vice presidents of the same party, 130 congressmen of the Congress of Peru and 5 Andean parliamentarians for a five-year term from 2021 to 2026.

The President and Vice Presidents of the Republic are elected by direct suffrage and in a single electoral district. In the event that no presidential candidate reaches more than 50% of validly cast votes, a second electoral round will be held.

On April 11, 130 congressmen were elected in 27 electoral districts, corresponding to the 24 departments, the Province of Lima, the Constitutional Province of Callao and residents living abroad. The procedure of the distribution figure with optional double preferential vote was used.

The elected congressmen will be sworn in and assume office no later than 27 July 2021; the constitutional president of the Republic and his elected vice presidents will do so on 28 July 2021.

Presidential nominations

Main presidential nominees

Presidential tickets
Go on Country - Social Integration Party National Victory Popular Force Popular Action Together for Peru Podemos Perú
File:Avanza País 2021.jpg
Hernando de Soto George Forsyth Keiko Fujimori style="width:160px; font-size:120%; background:Template:Popular Action (Peru)/meta/color;"| Yonhy Lescano Verónika Mendoza Daniel Urresti
President of the Institute Liberty and Democracy
(1979–present) 		Mayor of La Victoria
(2019–2020) 		Member of Congress
From Lima
(2006–2011) 		Member of Congress
From Puno / Lima
(2001–2019) 		Member of Congress
From Cuzco
(2011–2016) 		Member of Congress
From Lima
(2020–2021)
Running mates
1st: Corinne Flores
2nd: Jaime Salomón 		1st: Patricia Arévalo
2nd: Jorge Chávez Álvarez 		1st: Luis Galarreta
2nd: Patricia Juárez 		1st: Gisela Tipe
2nd: Luis Alberto Velarde 		1st: José Antonio de Echave
2nd: Luzmila Ayay 		1st: María Teresa Cabrera
2nd: Wilbert Portugal
Alliance for Progress Free Peru Purple Party Peruvian Nationalist Party Popular Renewal We Are Peru
César Acuña Pedro Castillo Julio Guzmán Ollanta Humala Rafael López Aliaga Daniel Salaverry
File:César Acuña Peralta - CAP.jpg
File:Julioguzmanperu2017.png
Governor of La Libertad
(2015) 		Schoolteacher/Union Organizer
from Cajamarca
(1995–present) 		Secretary General of the Office of the Prime Minister
(2012–2013) 		President of Peru
(2011–2016) 		Lima City Councilman
(2007–2010) 		Member of Congress
From La Libertad
(2016–2019)
Running mates
1st: Carmen Omonte
2nd: Luis Iberico 		1st: Dina Boluarte
2nd: Vladimir Cerrón 		1st: Flor Pablo
2nd: Francisco Sagasti 		1st: Ana María Salinas
2nd: Alberto Otárola 		1st: Neldy Mendoza
2nd: Jorge Montoya 		1st: Matilde Fernández
2nd: Jorge Pérez Flores

Minor presidential nominees

Withdrawn nominees

Party Ticket Withdrawal
Name for President for First Vice President for Second Vice President Date Motive
Peruvian Aprista Party
Partido Aprista Peruano 		Nidia Vílchez Yucra Iván Hidalgo Romero Olga Cribilleros Shigihara 16 January 2021 Prompted upon the National Jury of Elections' rejection of inscription of parliamentary lists past the deadline.[72]

Rejected nominees

Party Ticket Rejection
Name for President for First Vice President for Second Vice President Date Motive
Contigo Political Party
Partido Político Contigo 		Pedro Angulo Arana Casimira Mujica Alexander von Ehren 22 December 2020 Did not meet the deadline to register for the election on time.[73]
Peru Nation
Perú Nación 		Francisco Diez Canseco Nancy Cáceres Manuel Salazar 22 December 2020 Did not meet the deadline to register for the election on time.[74]
Front of Hope 2021
Frente de la Esperanza 2021 		Fernando Olivera Elizabeth León Carlos Cuaresma 24 December 2020 Party did not fulfill requirements for registration in order to participate.[75]
All for Peru
Todos por el Perú 		Fernando Cillóniz Blanca Wong Jaime Freundt 26 December 2020 Party lacked the legitimacy to participate in the election due to unsolved internal legal disputes.[76]

Disqualified nominees

Party Ticket Rejection
Name for President for First Vice President for Second Vice President Date Motive
Union for Peru
Unión por el Perú 		José Vega Haydee Andrade Daniel Barragán 29 December 2020 Incomplete information regarding income on the nominees registration form.[77] The decision was ultimately revoked by the National Jury of Elections, thus admitting and registering the ticket on 6 February 2021.[78]
Alliance for Progress
Alianza para el Progreso 		César Acuña Carmen Omonte Luis Iberico Núñez 8 January 2021 Incomplete information regarding the presidential nominee's income in registration form.[79] Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 22 January 2021, following an appeal.[80][81]
We Can Peru
Podemos Peru 		Daniel Urresti Maria Teresa Cabrera Wilbert Portugal 4 February 2021 Unanswered questions about the internal democracy of the party.[82] Disqualifiation revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 18 February 2021, following an appeal.[83]
National Victory
Victoria Nacional 		George Forsyth Patricia Arévalo Jorge Chávez Álvarez 10 February 2021 Incomplete information regarding income on the nominees registration form.[84] Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 5 March 2021, following an appeal.[85]
Popular Renewal
Renovación Popular 		Rafael López Aliaga Neldy Mendoza Jorge Montoya 25 February 2021 Nominee's public statement on donating his salary to charity if elected president is presumed as alleged vote buying.[86] Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 5 March 2021, following an appeal.[87]
National United Renaissance
Renacimiento Unido Nacional 		Ciro Gálvez Sonia García Claudio Zolla 25 February 2021 Incomplete information regarding the presidential nominee's income in registration form.[88] Disqualification revoked by the National Jury of Elections on 5 March 2021, following an appeal.[89]

Campaign

Campaign issues

Corruption

Corruption in Peru has been pervasive and was recently brought to attention during the Odebrecht scandal, which involved Odebrecht paying politicians to receive contracts for public works projects.[90] BBC News wrote in 2019 that "Peru is perhaps where [Odebrecht] has caused the most severe crisis" and that "[t]he scandal has discredited virtually the entire political elite of the country, as all major parties and players have been implicated".[90] The Odebrecht scandal led to several incidents in Peruvian politics; the suicide of former president Alan García,[90] the order for the arrest of former president Alejandro Toledo[91] as well as the first impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and later his resignation from the presidency.[92] Two candidates in the 2021 elections, Keiko Fujimori and Julio Guzmán, were also under investigation regarding alleged bribes from Odebrecht during their earlier electoral campaigns.[93][94]

Kuczynski's successor Martín Vizcarra reacted to the Odebrecht scandal with multiple anti-corruption initiatives,[95] though Vizcarra was controversially removed from office for his own alleged involvement in corruption and was replaced with President of Congress Manuel Merino.[96] Vizcarra's removal was very unfavorable with Peruvians and resulted with the 2020 Peruvian protests.[97] Merino would be president for only five days and would later be replaced by Francisco Sagasti following a vote from congress.[98]

George Forsyth, the initial frontrunner in the campaign, benefitted from his celebrity fame and not being involved with the traditional political parties being investigated for corruption.[93] Forsyth promoted anti-corruption while campaigning and suggested amending the constitution to declare corruption a crime against humanity; however, many of his proposed policies were vague and not detailed.[93] Veronika Mendoza has also embraced policies against corruption, primarily calling a entirely new constitution instead of amendments, stating "Our current national institutional framework, enshrined in the Constitution, establishes that education, health care, and housing are for-profit enterprises, and that life itself is a commodity to be bought and sold. What this means is that political power is concentrated in the hands of those with money, and not with the Peruvian people."[99] Fujimori has stated that she would keep the 1993 constitution of her father Alberto Fujimori in place and use a "heavy hand" if elected president, stating "Democracy cannot be weak. It must be supported by a solid principle of authority."[94][100]

COVID-19 pandemic

Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

Peru was one of the worst-affected nations in the Americas from the COVID-19 pandemic.[101] The crisis became so intense by January 2021 due to a second wave of infections that ICU bed occupancy in Peru rose to 90%, with medical workers beginning to participate in strikes due to their harsh work conditions.[102]

Forsyth criticized the COVID-19 lockdowns of the Peruvian government, saying that they caused economic distress and that the National Emergency Operations Center (COEN) should be activated for a civil-military partnership to combat further infection.[103] Mendoza was also critical of how lockdowns were initiated, saying that the government should provide support for families affected by lockdowns, promoted a partnership with Argentina to acquire the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and denounced the potential commercialization of the COVID-19 vaccine in Peru.[104][105]

On 24 February 2021, following an approach to advise Francisco Sagasti on the COVID-19 pandemic management in Peru, Hernando de Soto announced the first shadow cabinet in Peruvian history. Mainly composed of his campaign technical team, the main purpose of the opposition cabinet is to offer an alternative in order for the government to concur and apply De Soto's proposals during the crisis.[106][107]

Economy

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru's gross domestic product fell 30.2 percent in the second quarter of 2020, the largest decline of all major economies, with many small service businesses that represent the majority of businesses of Peru's economy going bankrupt during the crisis.[108] Medical experts commented that the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak in Peru can be explained at least in part due to existing socioeconomic circumstances; nearly one-third of Peruvians lived in overcrowded homes, 72% had informal jobs requiring daily work and many needed to travel daily to markets to purchase food since only 49% of households own refrigerators or freezers; even in urban areas it is only 61%.[109]

Political scientist Dr. Paula Muñoz of the Universidad del Pacífico described Forsyth as "a pro-business guy", while Americas Quarterly wrote "his views on big economic issues are less clear".[110] Forsyth and Fujimori both shared his support for the privatization of public utilities and the deregulation of the economy, with the two saying that government intervention hinders growth.[111][112] Fujimori also stated that she wanted to make "the State the main partner of entrepreneurs".[100] Mendoza in contrast criticized the neoliberal policies instituted in Peru since the 1990s, demanded "the decommodification of goods like health, education, and housing", promoted the government funding of sustainable agricultural and energy projects all while protecting the environment.[99]

Immigration

As a result of the Venezuelan refugee crisis, Peru was home to over one million Venezuelans in February 2021.[113][114] At that time, the Peruvian Armed Forces were deployed in a joint operation with Ecuadorian counterparts to the Ecuador-Peru border to prevent the entry of illegal migrants, with the armed forces stating that it was to prevent further introduction of COVID-19 in Peru.[114] Human rights organizations criticized the militarization of the border, saying that they are not properly trained for border enforcement and that it violates the human rights of migrants.[114] Xenophobia towards Venezuelans in Peru has also increased as some politicians have blamed increased crime on the migrants, though the Brookings Institution and Migration Policy Institute found that Venezuelan participate in less crime in Peru than native Peruvians.[115]

On the immigration topic, Forsyth's responses varied; he stated that "Peru is a generous country that opens its doors to foreigners"[111] while he also supported deploying more authorities to control the border, stating that migrants "have humiliated our National Police" and "We need the principle of authority in the country. ... We need an empowered police to defend all of us Peruvians".[116] Regarding her position on immigration, Mendoza stated "Migration must be considered on humanitarian criteria. Peruvians have also migrated" and that although some controls should be instituted to prevent criminals from entering, overall she promoted migrants as "people who can contribute to the country".[117] Fujimori supported increased border security, promoting the utilization of police and the Peruvian Armed Forces for guarding the border.[100]

Analysis

Due to the internal conflict in Peru involving far-left guerrilla groups attacking Peru's institutions which mainly occurred in the 1980s and 1990s, sentiments towards left-wing political parties have a negative stigma skewed against them.[118] While campaigning occurred during the elections, right-wing politicians would often baselessly characterize left-wing politicians as terrorists, or terrucos in Peruvian Spanish, with the attacks being so common that they were given the term terruqueo.[118] The Americas Quarterly argues that such behavior may result in less support for the leftist candidate Verónika Mendoza and promote political polarization within Peru.[118]

Regarding the first round of presidential elections, Javier Puente, assistant professor of Latin American Studies at Smith College in the North American Congress on Latin America wrote:[119]

With a baffling number of candidates—18 in total—the 2021 presidential ballot included convicted felons, presumed money launderers, xenophobes, a fascist billionaire, an overrated and outdated economist, a retired mediocre footballer, a person accused of murdering a journalist, and other colorful figures. The vast majority of candidates represented the continuation of the neoliberal economic model that has been responsible for decades of meager financial performance and unequal growth

Puente continues saying that only three leftist candidates proposed alternatives to the neoliberal politicians; Veronika Mendoza, Marco Arana and Pedro Castillo, describing Castillo as "far from being a 'comrade' who will champion leftist demands, Castillo is the new face of an anti-system impulse. ... Only in a neoliberal system that outcasts any form of market dissent as radical would a figure like Castillo acquire a role as a leftist".[119]

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2021 Peruvian general election

Preliminary results

President

The first round was held on 11 April. The first exit polls published indicated that underdog nominee Pedro Castillo of Free Peru had placed first in the first round of voting with approximately 16.1% of the vote, with Hernando de Soto and Keiko Fujimori tying with 11.9% each. Yonhy Lescano, Rafael López Aliaga, Verónika Mendoza, George Forsyth followed, with each receiving 11%, 10.5%, 8.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. César Acuña and Daniel Urresti received 5.8% and 5%, respectively, while the rest of the nominees attained less than 3% of the popular vote.[120][121] Castillo benefited from a metoric rise in opinion polls less than one month prior to the election at the expense of Lescano, de Soto, Mendoza, and López Aliaga. Forsyth, initially a strong favorite to win, saw his numbers plummet in the months leading up to the election after initially being disqualified by the electoral commission, falling from an expected 25% vote share in the first round in February 2021 opinion polls to less than 6% of the vote in the final result.

The second round is scheduled for 6 June, and is set to be a battle between the fiscally far-left and socially conservative (represented by Free Peru) and the far-right (represented by Popular Force).[122]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Pedro CastilloFree Peru2,676,98019.10
Keiko FujimoriPopular Force1,873,75613.37
Rafael López AliagaPopular Renewal1,640,26111.70
Hernando de SotoGo on Country - Social Integration Party1,625,43211.59
Yonhy LescanoPopular Action1,275,8419.10
Verónika MendozaTogether for Peru1,102,0147.86
César AcuñaAlliance for Progress845,8106.03
George ForsythNational Victory789,0825.63
Daniel UrrestiPodemos Perú786,8475.61
Julio GuzmánPurple Party315,4392.25
Alberto BeingoleaChristian People's Party276,5431.97
Daniel SalaverryWe Are Peru233,0491.66
Ollanta HumalaPeruvian Nationalist Party224,4291.60
José VegaUnion for Peru98,8790.71
Ciro GálvezNational United Renaissance87,3910.62
Marco AranaBroad Front63,6030.45
Rafael SantosPeru Secure Homeland53,8820.38
Andrés AlcántaraDirect Democracy49,4810.35
Total14,018,719100.00
Valid votes14,018,71982.10
Invalid/blank votes3,056,15017.90
Total votes17,074,869100.00
Registered voters/turnout24,142,47470.73
Source: ONPE
2021 Peruvian Presidential Results - First Round by Department (ONPE 99.998% Domestic Counted)
Department Pedro Castillo/Free Peru - Vote Totals Pedro Castillo/Free Peru - Vote % Keiko Fujimori/Popular Force - Vote Totals Keiko Fujimori/Popular Force - Vote % Rafael López Aliaga/Popular Renewal - Vote Totals Rafael López Aliaga/Popular Renewal - Vote % Hernando de Soto / Go on Country - Vote Totals Hernando de Soto / Go on Country - Vote % Yonhy Lescano / Popular Action - Vote Totals Yonhy Lescano / Popular Action - Vote % Verónika Mendoza / Together for Peru - Vote Totals Verónika Mendoza / Together for Peru - Vote % Other Candidates - Vote Totals Other Candidates - Vote % Total Valid Votes Voter Turnout Rate
Amazonas 33,411 26.0% 17,342 13.5% 8,003 6.2% 4,321 3.4% 12,333 9.6% 8,669 6.8% 44,187 34.4% 128,266 60.0%
Ancash 109,263 23.5% 66,486 14.3% 41,596 8.9% 34,069 7.3% 38,401 8.3% 39,346 8.5% 136,093 29.3% 465,254 69.2%
Apurímac 88,417 53.4% 10,853 6.6% 7,755 4.7% 6,510 3.9% 15,587 9.4% 15,316 9.3% 21,112 12.8% 165,550 69.4%
Arequipa 254,528 32.2% 39,903 5.0% 70,654 8.9% 148,060 18.7% 88,066 11.1% 54,923 6.9% 134,632 17.0% 790,766 78.8%
Ayacucho 129,066 51.9% 17,633 7.1% 11,418 4.6% 8,919 3.6% 20,140 8.1% 24,303 9.8% 36,968 14.9% 248,447 68.6%
Cajamarca 226,645 44.7% 53,924 10.6% 30,660 6.0% 24,767 4.9% 38,085 7.5% 29,329 5.8% 103,541 20.4% 506,951 62.7%
Callao 31,954 6.4% 75,349 15.1% 73,957 14.9% 75,118 15.1% 33,065 6.6% 36,167 7.3% 171,836 34.5% 497,446 75.3%
Cusco 228,767 38.2% 26,593 4.4% 29,140 4.9% 39,603 6.6% 59,739 10.0% 121,442 20.3% 92,990 15.5% 598,274 73.5%
Huancavelica 78,634 54.2% 8,333 5.7% 5,006 3.4% 4,527 3.1% 16,475 11.3% 9,956 6.9% 22,232 15.3% 145,163 67.6%
Huánuco 109,815 37.6% 32,445 11.1% 33,494 11.5% 15,711 5.4% 22,259 7.6% 15,329 5.3% 62,909 21.5% 291,962 68.3%
Ica 54,339 14.0% 59,292 15.3% 43,909 11.3% 38,355 9.9% 37,582 9.7% 29,234 7.5% 125,128 32.3% 387,839 76.0%
Junín 129,603 22.9% 78,900 13.9% 51,940 9.2% 53,498 9.4% 65,316 11.5% 51,506 9.1% 135,562 23.9% 566,325 71.9%
La Libertad 88,077 11.5% 128,000 16.7% 93,670 12.3% 82,830 10.8% 46,208 6.0% 36,565 4.8% 289,124 37.8% 764,474 68.8%
Lambayeque 72,009 13.0% 118,726 21.4% 84,417 15.2% 49,017 8.8% 50,409 9.1% 28,262 5.1% 152,296 27.4% 555,136 71.4%
Lima 401,824 7.9% 725,256 14.2% 834,798 16.4% 834,613 16.4% 348,564 6.8% 414,419 8.1% 1,540,923 30.2% 5,100,397 74.6%
Loreto 14,980 5.0% 49,871 16.6% 15,740 5.2% 18,072 6.0% 33,347 11.1% 18,775 6.3% 149,063 49.7% 299,848 61.0%
Madre de Dios 23,493 37.1% 7,135 11.3% 3,969 6.3% 3,926 6.2% 6,474 10.2% 4,290 6.8% 14,092 22.2% 63,379 71.1%
Moquegua 33,096 34.6% 4,523 4.7% 6,640 6.9% 9,896 10.3% 15,042 15.7% 7,053 7.4% 19,496 20.4% 95,746 77.2%
Pasco 33,889 34.4% 12,243 12.4% 7,822 7.9% 5,024 5.1% 11,770 11.9% 6,844 6.9% 20,982 21.3% 98,574 63.7%
Piura 67,599 10.1% 166,978 24.9% 65,534 9.8% 61,314 9.1% 49,123 7.3% 42,732 6.4% 218,418 32.5% 671,698 66.7%
Puno 289,425 47.5% 17,354 2.8% 15,750 2.6% 21,430 3.5% 173,984 28.5% 35,180 5.8% 56,414 9.3% 609,537 81.9%
San Martin 64,844 21.4% 45,249 14.9% 25,798 8.5% 21,160 7.0% 30,498 10.1% 16,506 5.4% 99,376 32.8% 303,431 69.2%
Tacna 64,521 33.2% 9,363 4.8% 17,842 9.2% 21,000 10.8% 28,696 14.8% 14,068 7.2% 38,779 20.0% 194,269 77.8%
Tumbes 7,521 7.7% 36,199 37.1% 8,741 9.0% 7,047 7.2% 6,971 7.2% 5,199 5.3% 25,783 26.5% 97,461 74.5%
Ucayali 25,271 13.9% 38,907 21.5% 14,474 8.0% 10,812 6.0% 13,830 7.6% 14,520 8.0% 63,491 35.0% 181,305 66.1%
Total (Domestic) 2,660,991 19.2% 1,846,857 13.4% 1,602,727 11.6% 1,599,599 11.6% 1,261,964 9.1% 1,079,933 7.8% 3,775,427 27.3% 13,827,498 72.0%

Congress

PartyVotes%
Free Peru1,511,36014.05
Popular Force1,196,52311.12
Popular Action991,9279.22
Popular Renewal977,2889.08
Alliance for Progress818,4527.61
Go on Country - Social Integration Party797,6247.41
Together for Peru713,3196.63
We Are Peru650,1746.04
Podemos Perú619,2715.76
Purple Party569,9925.30
National Victory528,2104.91
Agricultural People's Front of Peru498,4284.63
Union for Peru226,6442.11
Christian People's Party169,8671.58
Peruvian Nationalist Party162,4891.51
Broad Front115,2801.07
Direct Democracy84,1140.78
National United Renaissance81,4320.76
Peru Secure Homeland43,3840.40
Contigo3,6650.03
Total10,759,443100.00
Valid votes10,759,44375.70
Invalid/blank votes3,453,67224.30
Total votes14,213,115100.00
Registered voters/turnout24,142,47458.87
Source: ONPE (80.21% counted)

Andean Parliament

PartyVotes%
Free Peru1,553,08216.72
Popular Force1,085,89111.69
Popular Renewal946,32610.18
Popular Action857,7129.23
Go on Country - Social Integration Party802,5888.64
Podemos Perú655,3537.05
Together for Peru649,6446.99
Alliance for Progress626,5696.74
Agricultural People's Front of Peru595,7406.41
Purple Party505,8425.44
We Are Peru390,2834.20
Christian People's Party179,6241.93
Peruvian Nationalist Party155,7581.68
Broad Front113,2111.22
National United Renaissance90,1900.97
Direct Democracy83,6890.90
Total9,291,502100.00
Valid votes9,291,50262.06
Invalid/blank votes5,679,30837.94
Total votes14,970,810100.00
Registered voters/turnout24,142,47462.01
Source: ONPE (84.36% counted)

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