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== Nike Sweatshops == |
== Nike Sweatshops == |
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The exploitation of their factory workers included child labour with horrific working conditions: toxic emissions that affected both human and environmental health, verbal and physical abuse, and long hours - up to 14 hour shifts. Workers were left voiceless - if they complained they would face further abuse and violence. These workers were predominantly women who worked for controlling, demanding men - a clear gender divide.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fritz|first=Rachel Grace|date=October 2018|title=From Sweatshops to Sustainability: The Transformation of Nike|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334388154_From_Sweatshops_to_Sustainability_The_Case_Study_of_Nike_Inc|journal=Montclair State University Research}}</ref> |
The exploitation of their factory workers included child labour with horrific working conditions: toxic emissions that affected both human and environmental health, verbal and physical abuse, and long hours - up to 14 hour shifts. Workers were left voiceless - if they complained they would face further abuse and violence. These workers were predominantly women who worked for controlling, demanding men - a clear gender divide.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Fritz|first=Rachel Grace|date=October 2018|title=From Sweatshops to Sustainability: The Transformation of Nike|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334388154_From_Sweatshops_to_Sustainability_The_Case_Study_of_Nike_Inc|journal=Montclair State University Research}}</ref> |
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As these areas' economies developed, workers became more productive, wages rose, and many moved on to higher paying jobs. This led to fewer workers meaning Nike had to open additional sweatshops in lower income economic countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Harrison, Scorse|first=Anna, Jason|date=March 2004|title=The Nike Effect: Anti-Sweatshop Activists and Labor Market Outcomes in Indonesia|url=https://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Development/harrison-040322.pdf|journal=Yale Economics}}</ref> |
As these areas' economies developed, workers became more productive, wages rose, and many moved on to higher paying jobs. This led to fewer workers meaning Nike had to open additional sweatshops in lower income economic countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Harrison, Scorse|first=Anna, Jason|date=March 2004|title=The Nike Effect: Anti-Sweatshop Activists and Labor Market Outcomes in Indonesia|url=https://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Development/harrison-040322.pdf|journal=Yale Economics}}</ref> |
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=== Ethics === |
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Understanding the working conditions and emotional impact from the perspective of the workers is crucial in order to understand the true nature of these sweatshops. The exploitation of their factory workers included child labour with horrific working conditions: toxic emissions that affected both human and environmental health, verbal and physical abuse, and long hours – up to 14-hour shifts. Workers were left voiceless – if they complained they would face further abuse and violence. These workers were predominantly women who worked for controlling, demanding men – a clear gender divide.<ref name=":1" /> |
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The working conditions coupled with minimum wage left many workers the choice between medicine or food - with the focus on survival rather than any life experiences. This has not helped to alleviate poverty, yet workers have no choice; they either work long hours with minimal pay or receive nothing. Lives are lost through this labour and so the next group of young poverty stricken workers are brought in, displaying a vicious cycle of labour to satisfy the needs of the business model.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vlahoyiannis|first=Corinna|date=2020|title=Kim Keady speaks out against Nike|journal=Villanovan University}}</ref> |
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Even though Nike has changed its approach in recent years e.g. increasing the minimum wage, arguably this is to protect its reputation rather than to improve the lives of workers. The 'It's a Start' movement has shown that there is still a long way for Nike to go - improvement is still needed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robertson|first=Lara|date=2020|title=How ethical is Nike?|url=https://goodonyou.eco/how-ethical-is-nike/|journal=Good on you}}</ref> |
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== <big>The Iceberg of Success</big> == |
== <big>The Iceberg of Success</big> == |
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Latest revision as of 16:22, 22 April 2021
Art and Culture Law
[edit]Another major issue concerns the competence of the court to judge the 'aesthetics' of artworks. 'Is the law competent to resolve the question through legal criteria and evidence established by artists and curators in the courtroom?' Overall, Judge Waite concluded that the sculpture was 'beautiful', 'symmetrical' and 'ornamental', and therefore should be considered art.[1] This conclusion would not, however, favour many others artists whose 'ready-made' sculptures are in no way 'beautiful'.[2]
Nike Sweatshops
[edit]The exploitation of their factory workers included child labour with horrific working conditions: toxic emissions that affected both human and environmental health, verbal and physical abuse, and long hours - up to 14 hour shifts. Workers were left voiceless - if they complained they would face further abuse and violence. These workers were predominantly women who worked for controlling, demanding men - a clear gender divide.[3]
As these areas' economies developed, workers became more productive, wages rose, and many moved on to higher paying jobs. This led to fewer workers meaning Nike had to open additional sweatshops in lower income economic countries.[4]
Ethics
[edit]Understanding the working conditions and emotional impact from the perspective of the workers is crucial in order to understand the true nature of these sweatshops. The exploitation of their factory workers included child labour with horrific working conditions: toxic emissions that affected both human and environmental health, verbal and physical abuse, and long hours – up to 14-hour shifts. Workers were left voiceless – if they complained they would face further abuse and violence. These workers were predominantly women who worked for controlling, demanding men – a clear gender divide.[3]
The working conditions coupled with minimum wage left many workers the choice between medicine or food - with the focus on survival rather than any life experiences. This has not helped to alleviate poverty, yet workers have no choice; they either work long hours with minimal pay or receive nothing. Lives are lost through this labour and so the next group of young poverty stricken workers are brought in, displaying a vicious cycle of labour to satisfy the needs of the business model.[5]
Even though Nike has changed its approach in recent years e.g. increasing the minimum wage, arguably this is to protect its reputation rather than to improve the lives of workers. The 'It's a Start' movement has shown that there is still a long way for Nike to go - improvement is still needed.[6]
The Iceberg of Success
[edit]The Iceberg of success is a specific structured model used to explain the unseen workings of an achievement.[7]
It compares what people see on the surface, to the inner complicated workings underneath the surface. Success requires hard work and dedication, most of which, people do not see and rather only see the final accomplished product.[7][8]
There can be great costs to success: failure, rejection, sacrifice, disappointment, hard work, dedication etc. However, once achieved, the benefits outweigh the hardships. Whilst it may be easy to assume people are lucky and achieve something by chance, often it is the hidden layers underneath the surface of the iceberg that cause this success. Whilst luck may be a factor, it is certainly not the defining characteristic of someone's ability to thrive.[9]
- ^ McLean, Avanessian, Daniel, Armen (2007). "Trials of the Title: The Trials of Brancusi and Veronese". Ridinghouse: 37–57.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Mann, Jon (May 9 2017). "How Duchamp's Urinal Changed Art Forever". Artsy. Retrieved 09/02/2021.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Fritz, Rachel Grace (October 2018). "From Sweatshops to Sustainability: The Transformation of Nike". Montclair State University Research.
- ^ Harrison, Scorse, Anna, Jason (March 2004). "The Nike Effect: Anti-Sweatshop Activists and Labor Market Outcomes in Indonesia" (PDF). Yale Economics.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Vlahoyiannis, Corinna (2020). "Kim Keady speaks out against Nike". Villanovan University.
- ^ Robertson, Lara (2020). "How ethical is Nike?". Good on you.
- ^ a b Mueller, Steve (February 2020). "The Iceberg Theory of Success". Planet of Success.
- ^ Holloway, Samantha (May 2019). "Success is an iceberg". Wounds International.
- ^ Oppong, Thomas (February 2020). "The Iceberg Illusion: The hidden logic of success". Ladders.