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*'''Limos Kalinga''' (Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga): spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]], north to border) and [[Conner, Apayao|Conner]] municipality, [[Apayao Province]]. 12,700 speakers.
*'''Limos Kalinga''' (Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga): spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]], north to border) and [[Conner, Apayao|Conner]] municipality, [[Apayao Province]]. 12,700 speakers.
*'''Lubuagan Kalinga''': spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Lubuagan, Kalinga|Lubuagan]] and [[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]]). 30,000 speakers. Dialects are Guinaang, Balbalasang, Ableg-Salegseg, and Balatok-Kalinga (Balatok-Itneg).
*'''Lubuagan Kalinga''': spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Lubuagan, Kalinga|Lubuagan]] and [[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]]). 30,000 speakers. Dialects are Guinaang, Balbalasang, Ableg-Salegseg, and Balatok-Kalinga (Balatok-Itneg).
*'''Mabaka Valley Kalinga''' (Kal-Uwan, Mabaka, Mabaka Itneg): spoken in [[Conner, Apayao|Conner]] municipality, [[Apayao Province]], as well as western [[Abra Province]] and northern [[Kalinga Province]].
*'''Mabaka Valley Kalinga''' (Kal-Uwan, Mabaka, Mabaka Itneg): spoken in [[Conner, Apayao|Conner]] municipality, [[Apayao Province]], as well as western [[Abra (province)|Abra]] and northern [[Kalinga Province]].
*'''Majukayang Kalinga''' (Madukayang): spoken in [[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]], [[Kalinga Province]] and in [[Paracelis, Mountain Province|Paracelis]] municipality, [[Mountain Province]]. 1,500 speakers as of 1990.
*'''Majukayang Kalinga''' (Madukayang): spoken in [[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]], [[Kalinga Province]] and in [[Paracelis, Mountain Province|Paracelis]] municipality, [[Mountain Province]]. 1,500 speakers as of 1990.
*'''Southern Kalinga''': spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Lubuagan, Kalinga|Lubuagan]] municipality; some also in [[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]]) and [[Mountain Province]] (13 villages of [[Sadanga, Mountain Province|Sadanga]] and [[Sagada, Mountain Province|Sagada]] municipalities). 11,000 speakers as of 1980.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/24585 |title=A Topical Vocabulary in English, Pilipino, Ilocano, and Southern Kalinga |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics |date=1980 |location=Greenhills, Metro Manila |pages=iv}}</ref> Dialects are Mallango, Sumadel, Bangad, and Tinglayan.
*'''Southern Kalinga''': spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Lubuagan, Kalinga|Lubuagan]] municipality; some also in [[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk City]]) and [[Mountain Province]] (13 villages of [[Sadanga, Mountain Province|Sadanga]] and [[Sagada, Mountain Province|Sagada]] municipalities). 11,000 speakers as of 1980.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/24585 |title=A Topical Vocabulary in English, Pilipino, Ilocano, and Southern Kalinga |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics |date=1980 |location=Greenhills, Metro Manila |pages=iv}}</ref> Dialects are Mallango, Sumadel, Bangad, and Tinglayan.
*'''Tanudan Kalinga''' (Lower Tanudan, Lower Tanudan Kalinga, Mangali Kalinga): spoken at the southern end of the [[Tanudan, Kalinga|Tanudan]] valley in southern [[Kalinga Province]]. 11,200 speakers as of 1998. Dialects are Minangali (Mangali), Tinaloctoc (Taluctoc), Pinangol (Pangul), Dacalan, and Lubo.
*'''Tanudan Kalinga''' (Lower Tanudan, Lower Tanudan Kalinga, Mangali Kalinga): spoken at the southern end of the [[Tanudan, Kalinga|Tanudan]] valley in southern [[Kalinga Province]]. 11,200 speakers as of 1998. Dialects are Minangali (Mangali), Tinaloctoc (Taluctoc), Pinangol (Pangul), Dacalan, and Lubo.
*'''Banao Itneg''' (Banao, Banaw, Itneg, Timggian, Tinguian): spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Balbalan, Kalinga|Balbalan]] and [[Pasil, Kalinga|Pasil]] municipalities) and [[Abra Province]] ([[Daguioman, Abra|Daguioman]] and [[Malibcong, Abra|Malibcong]] municipalities). 3,500 speakers as of 2003. Dialects are Malibcong Banao, Banao Pikekj, and Gubang Itneg.
*'''Banao Itneg''' (Banao, Banaw, Itneg, Timggian, Tinguian): spoken in [[Kalinga Province]] ([[Balbalan, Kalinga|Balbalan]] and [[Pasil, Kalinga|Pasil]] municipalities) and [[Abra (province)|Abra]] ([[Daguioman, Abra|Daguioman]] and [[Malibcong, Abra|Malibcong]] municipalities). 3,500 speakers as of 2003. Dialects are Malibcong Banao, Banao Pikekj, and Gubang Itneg.


==Writing System==
==Writing System==

Revision as of 00:31, 1 May 2021

Kalinga
Native toPhilippines
Regionmost parts of Kalinga, northern parts of Mountain Province, eastern parts of Abra and southern parts of Apayao, Luzon
Native speakers
(110,000 cited 1998–2008)[1]
No estimate for Mabaka Valley
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
bjx – Banao Itneg
tis – Masadiit Itneg
ity – Moyadan Itneg
kyb – Butbut Kalinga
kmk – Limos Kalinga
kml – Tanudan Kalinga
knb – Lubuagan Kalinga
kkg – Mabaka Valley Kalinga
kmd – Madukayang Kalinga
ksc – Southern Kalinga (Bangad)
Glottologkali1311
Area where the Kalinga dialect continuum is spoken according to Ethnologue

Kalinga is a dialect continuum of Kalinga Province in the Philippines, spoken by the Kalinga people, alongside Ilocano. The Banao Itneg variety is not one of the neighboring Itneg languages.

Dialects

Ronald Himes (1997) divides Kalinga into three dialects: Masadiit (in Abra), Northern Kalinga, and South-Central Kalinga.[2]

Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the eight Kalinga languages it identifies. Banao Itneg is classified by Ethnologue as Kalinga rather than Itneg.

Writing System

Lubuagan Kalinga

Lubuagan Kalinga alphabet[4]
a b by k ch e g h i l m n ng o p s t u ɏ w y

References

  1. ^ Banao Itneg at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Masadiit Itneg at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Moyadan Itneg at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Butbut Kalinga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Limos Kalinga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tanudan Kalinga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. ^ Himes, Ronald S. (1997). "Reconstructions in Kalinga-Itneg". Oceanic Linguistics. 36 (1): 102–134. doi:10.2307/3623072. JSTOR 3623072.
  3. ^ A Topical Vocabulary in English, Pilipino, Ilocano, and Southern Kalinga. Greenhills, Metro Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics. 1980. pp. iv.
  4. ^ Summer Institute of Linguistics 2005.

Further reading

  • Ferreirinho, Naomi (1993). Selected topics in the grammar of Limos Kalinga, the Philippines. Pacific Linguistics Series B-109. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-B109. hdl:1885/145804. ISBN 978-0-85883-419-4.
  • Brainard, Sherri (1985). Upper Tanudan Kalinga texts. Studies in Philippine Linguistics Supplementary Series: Philippine Texts, 1. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  • Gieser, C. Richard (1987). Guinaang Kalinga texts. Studies in Philippine Linguistics Supplementary Series: Philippine Texts, 4. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  • Olson, Kenneth S.; Machlan, Glenn; Amangao, Nelson (2008). "Minangali (Kalinga) Digital Wordlist: Presentation Form". Language Documentation & Conservation. 2 (1). hdl:10125/1772.