Zabergan: Difference between revisions
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==Sources== |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |author-link=Florin Curta |chapter=Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans |editor1=Zimonyi István |editor2=Osman Karatay |title=Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/12138833/Avar_Blitzkrieg_Slavic_and_Bulgar_raiders_and_Roman_special_ops_mobile_warriors_in_the_6th-century_Balkans |date=2015 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |place=Wiesbaden |pages=69–89}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=Golden |first=Peter Benjamin |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=1992 |title=An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East |url=https://www.academia.edu/12545004/An_Introduction_to_the_History_of_the_Turkic_Peoples |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag|Otto Harrassowitz]] |place=[[Wiesbaden]] |isbn=9783447032742}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=Golden |first=Peter B. |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=2011 |title=Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes |url=https://www.academia.edu/9609971/Studies_on_the_Peoples_and_Cultures_of_the_Eurasian_Steppes |publisher=Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei |isbn=9789732721520}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Maenchen-Helfen |first=Otto J. |author-link=Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen |date=1973 |chapter=Chapter IX. Language: 5. Iranian names |chapter-url=http://www.kroraina.com/huns/mh/mh_5.html#Zabergan |title=The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=392 |isbn=9780520015968}} |
* {{cite book |last=Maenchen-Helfen |first=Otto J. |author-link=Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen |date=1973 |chapter=Chapter IX. Language: 5. Iranian names |chapter-url=http://www.kroraina.com/huns/mh/mh_5.html#Zabergan |title=The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=392 |isbn=9780520015968}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=Golden |first=Peter Benjamin |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=1992 |title=An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East |url=https://www.academia.edu/12545004/An_Introduction_to_the_History_of_the_Turkic_Peoples |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag|Otto Harrassowitz]] |place=[[Wiesbaden]] |isbn=9783447032742 |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=Golden |first=Peter B. |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=2011 |title=Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes |url=https://www.academia.edu/9609971/Studies_on_the_Peoples_and_Cultures_of_the_Eurasian_Steppes |publisher=Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei |isbn=9789732721520 |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |author-link=Florin Curta |chapter=Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans |title=Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/12138833/Avar_Blitzkrieg_Slavic_and_Bulgar_raiders_and_Roman_special_ops_mobile_warriors_in_the_6th-century_Balkans |
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Revision as of 06:14, 13 May 2021
Zabergan (Template:Lang-gr) was the chieftain of the Kutrigurs, a nomadic people of the Pontic–Caspian steppe, after Sinnion. His name is Iranian, meaning full moon.[1] Either under pressure from incoming Avars,[2] or in revolt against the Byzantine Empire, in the winter of 558, he led a large Kutrigur army that crossed the frozen Danube. The army was divided into three sections: one raided south far as Thermopylae, while two others the Thracian Chersonesus and the periphery of Constantinople.[3] In March 559 Zabergan attacked Constantinople, and one part of his forces consisted of 7,000 horsemen,[4] but Belisarius defeated him at the Battle of Melantias and he was forced to withdraw.[5]
The transit of such big distances in a short period of time shows that the Kutrigurs were mounted warriors,[3] and Zabergan's raiders were already encamped near the banks of the Danube.[3] However, once again Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) managed to persuade the Utigur chieftain Sandilch to attack the Kutrigurs, which resulted in the decimation of both.[2] Nevertheless, according to the 12th-century chronicle of Michael the Syrian the remnant of those Bulgars were granted Dacia in the time of Maurice (r. 582-602).[6] It is unknown if he is related to the Byzantine general Zabergan, who in 586 defended the fortress Chlomaron against the Romans.[1]
Honours
Zabergan Peak in Antarctica is named after Zabergan.
References
- ^ a b Maenchen-Helfen 1973.
- ^ a b Golden 2011, p. 140; Golden 1992, p. 100
- ^ a b c Curta 2015, p. 77.
- ^ Golden 2011, p. 107.
- ^ James C. Bradford, International Encyclopedia of Military History
- ^ "The Three Scythian Brothers: an Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Great | Mark Dickens". Academia.edu. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
Sources
- Curta, Florin (2015). "Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans". In Zimonyi István; Osman Karatay (eds.). Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 69–89.
- Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447032742.
- Golden, Peter B. (2011). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei. ISBN 9789732721520.
- Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (1973). "Chapter IX. Language: 5. Iranian names". The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press. p. 392. ISBN 9780520015968.