Jump to content

List of American conservatives: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 57: Line 57:
|[[Beverly LaHaye]]|| 1929-||activist and founder of [[Concerned Women for America]]||<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-16|title=Us v. Them: The Pitfalls of Righteous Rhetoric {{!}} Religion & Politics|url=https://religionandpolitics.org/2014/09/16/us-v-them-the-pitfalls-of-righteous-rhetoric/|access-date=2020-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Greslé-Favier|first=Claire|date=2006|title=Pro-abstinence Discourses and the Definition of the Conservative Christian Identity in the Contemporary United States|url=https://copas.uni-regensburg.de/article/view/91|journal=Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies|language=en|volume=7|doi=10.5283/copas.91|issn=1861-6127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Beverly LaHaye|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/beverly-lahaye|access-date=2020-06-25|website=National Women's History Museum|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1993235_1993243_1993291,00.html|title=Influential Evangelicals-Tim and Beverly LaHaye|work=Time.com|date=7 February 2005|access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>
|[[Beverly LaHaye]]|| 1929-||activist and founder of [[Concerned Women for America]]||<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-16|title=Us v. Them: The Pitfalls of Righteous Rhetoric {{!}} Religion & Politics|url=https://religionandpolitics.org/2014/09/16/us-v-them-the-pitfalls-of-righteous-rhetoric/|access-date=2020-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Greslé-Favier|first=Claire|date=2006|title=Pro-abstinence Discourses and the Definition of the Conservative Christian Identity in the Contemporary United States|url=https://copas.uni-regensburg.de/article/view/91|journal=Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies|language=en|volume=7|doi=10.5283/copas.91|issn=1861-6127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Beverly LaHaye|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/beverly-lahaye|access-date=2020-06-25|website=National Women's History Museum|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1993235_1993243_1993291,00.html|title=Influential Evangelicals-Tim and Beverly LaHaye|work=Time.com|date=7 February 2005|access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Thomas Sowell]]|| 1930–||author, columnist, professor, and economist at the Hoover Institution||<ref name="Harnden100-81" />
|[[Thomas Sowell]]|| 1930–||author, columnist, professor, and economist at the Hoover Institution||<ref name="Harnden100-81">Harnden, Tom. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6950971/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-100-81.html "The most influential US conservatives: 100-81."] ''The Telegraph''. 11 January 2010. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|[[James Q. Wilson]]|| 1931–2012||social scientist||<ref>{{cite book|author=Professor Edward J Ahearn|title=Urban Confrontations in Literature and Social Science, 1848-2001: European Contexts, American Evolutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7j6w40uDtakC&pg=PT183|date=28 April 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-7560-6|page=183}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=John Edwards|author2=Marion Crain|author3=Arne Kalleberg|title=Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZIq9qljbtMC&pg=PA83|date=10 May 2011|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-732-9|page=83}}</ref>
|[[James Q. Wilson]]|| 1931–2012||social scientist||<ref>{{cite book|author=Professor Edward J Ahearn|title=Urban Confrontations in Literature and Social Science, 1848-2001: European Contexts, American Evolutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7j6w40uDtakC&pg=PT183|date=28 April 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-7560-6|page=183}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=John Edwards|author2=Marion Crain|author3=Arne Kalleberg|title=Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZIq9qljbtMC&pg=PA83|date=10 May 2011|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-732-9|page=83}}</ref>
Line 116: Line 116:
!width="17%" class="unsortable" | Ref.
!width="17%" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|-
|Senator [[Arthur H. Vandenberg]]|| 1884{{ndash}}1951||Senator known for his opposition to the [[New Deal]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=J. Richard Piper|title=Ideologies and Institutions: American Conservative and Liberal Governance Prescriptions Since 1933|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u93Mj3A-tH8C&pg=PA115|year=1997|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8476-8459-5|page=115}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Lawrence S. Kaplan|title=The Conversion of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg: From Isolation to International Engagement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDXKBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14|date=14 April 2015|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-6061-0|page=14}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Roy D. Morey|title=The United Nations at Work in Asia: An Envoy's Account of Development in China, Vietnam, Thailand and the South Pacific|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inUmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|date=21 November 2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-7871-2|page=6}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Andrew J. Bacevich|title=The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRo2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|date=6 July 2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-50586-4|page=3}}</ref>
|Senator [[Arthur H. Vandenberg]]|| 1884{{ndash}}1951||Known for his opposition to the [[New Deal]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=J. Richard Piper|title=Ideologies and Institutions: American Conservative and Liberal Governance Prescriptions Since 1933|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u93Mj3A-tH8C&pg=PA115|year=1997|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8476-8459-5|page=115}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Lawrence S. Kaplan|title=The Conversion of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg: From Isolation to International Engagement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDXKBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14|date=14 April 2015|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-6061-0|page=14}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Roy D. Morey|title=The United Nations at Work in Asia: An Envoy's Account of Development in China, Vietnam, Thailand and the South Pacific|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inUmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|date=21 November 2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-7871-2|page=6}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Andrew J. Bacevich|title=The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRo2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|date=6 July 2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-50586-4|page=3}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[Robert A. Taft]]|| 1889{{ndash}}1953||first chairman of the [[Senate Republican Policy Committee]]||<ref>[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/People_Leaders_Taft.htm "Senate Leaders."] ''U.S. Senate''. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|Senator [[Robert A. Taft]]|| 1889{{ndash}}1953||First chairman of the [[Senate Republican Policy Committee]]||<ref>[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/People_Leaders_Taft.htm "Senate Leaders."] ''U.S. Senate''. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[John W. Bricker]]|| 1893{{ndash}}1986||[[Thomas E. Dewey]]'s running mate in the [[1944 United States presidential election|1944 presidential election]]||<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-W-Bricker "John W. Bricker."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|Senator [[John W. Bricker]]|| 1893{{ndash}}1986||[[Thomas E. Dewey]]'s running mate in the [[1944 United States presidential election|1944 presidential election]]||<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-W-Bricker "John W. Bricker."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[Everett Dirksen]]|| 1896{{ndash}}1969||Senator who helped get the [[Civil Rights Act]] passed||<ref>Grossman, Ron. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-28/site/ct-everett-dirksen-flashback-0629-20140628_1_civil-rights-act-everett-dirksen-engle "Unlikely civil rights hero."] ''Chicago Tribune''.
|Senator [[Everett Dirksen]]|| 1896{{ndash}}1969||Republican senator who helped get the [[Civil Rights Act]] passed||<ref>Grossman, Ron. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-28/site/ct-everett-dirksen-flashback-0629-20140628_1_civil-rights-act-everett-dirksen-engle "Unlikely civil rights hero."] ''Chicago Tribune''.
28 June 2014. 12 July 2018.</ref>
28 June 2014. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|-
|-
|Ambassador [[Clare Boothe Luce]]|| 1903–1987||politician, writer, and ambassador||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter Schweizer|author2=Wynton C. Hall|title=Landmark Speeches of the American Conservative Movement|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZbijMUHMQMC&pg=PA55|date=6 March 2007|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-58544-598-1|pages=55–72|chapter=Is the New Morality Destroying America?}}<br/>{{cite web |url=https://www2.gwu.edu/~erpapers/mep/displaydoc.cfm?docid=erpn-claluc |title=Clare Boothe Luce (1903-1987) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2006 |website=The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. |publisher=George Washington University |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|Ambassador [[Clare Boothe Luce]]|| 1903–1987||Politician, writer, and ambassador||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter Schweizer|author2=Wynton C. Hall|title=Landmark Speeches of the American Conservative Movement|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZbijMUHMQMC&pg=PA55|date=6 March 2007|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-58544-598-1|pages=55–72|chapter=Is the New Morality Destroying America?}}<br/>{{cite web |url=https://www2.gwu.edu/~erpapers/mep/displaydoc.cfm?docid=erpn-claluc |title=Clare Boothe Luce (1903-1987) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2006 |website=The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. |publisher=George Washington University |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]]|| 1908–1957||Senator known for his principal role in the [[Second Red Scare|Red Scare]] of the 1950s||<ref>Farmer, Brian R. ''American Political Ideologies: An Introduction to the Major Systems of Thought in the 21st Century''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2006. p. 90.</ref><ref>[http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-mccarthy-9390801 "Joseph McCarthy."] ''Biography''. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]]|| 1908–1957||Known for his principal role in the [[Second Red Scare|Red Scare]] of the 1950s||<ref>Farmer, Brian R. ''American Political Ideologies: An Introduction to the Major Systems of Thought in the 21st Century''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2006. p. 90.</ref><ref>[http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-mccarthy-9390801 "Joseph McCarthy."] ''Biography''. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[Barry Goldwater]]|| 1909–1998||1964 GOP presidential nominee, Senator||<ref name="Wyler">Wyler, Grace and Paul Szoldra. [http://www.businessinsider.com/top-conservative-books-2013-3?op=1 "13 Books That Every Conservative Must Read."] ''Business Insider''. 29 March 2013. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|Senator [[Barry Goldwater]]|| 1909–1998||1964 Republican presidential nominee||<ref name="Wyler">Wyler, Grace and Paul Szoldra. [http://www.businessinsider.com/top-conservative-books-2013-3?op=1 "13 Books That Every Conservative Must Read."] ''Business Insider''. 29 March 2013. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|President [[Ronald Reagan]]|| 1911–2004||40th President of the United States||<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Reagan "Ronald Reagan."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref>Medved, Michael. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/10/19/never-trump-reagan-conservative-republican-michael-medved/92411818/ "Republicans of conscience: Michael Medved."] ''USA Today''. 19 October 2016. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|President [[Ronald Reagan]]|| 1911–2004||40th President of the United States||<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ronald-Reagan "Ronald Reagan."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref>Medved, Michael. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/10/19/never-trump-reagan-conservative-republican-michael-medved/92411818/ "Republicans of conscience: Michael Medved."] ''USA Today''. 19 October 2016. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|Chief Justice [[William Rehnquist]]|| 1924–2005||Chief Justice of the Supreme Court||<ref>Lindsey, Robert. [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/04/us/rehnquist-in-arizona-a-militant-conservative-in-60-s-politics.html "Rehnquist in Arizona - A ...."] ''New York Times''. 4 August 1986. 19 May 2017.</ref>
|Chief Justice [[William Rehnquist]]|| 1924–2005||[[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice of the Supreme Court]]||<ref>Lindsey, Robert. [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/04/us/rehnquist-in-arizona-a-militant-conservative-in-60-s-politics.html "Rehnquist in Arizona - A ...."] ''New York Times''. 4 August 1986. 19 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|UN Ambassador [[Jeane Kirkpatrick]]|| 1926–2006||Ambassador to the United Nations under [[Ronald Reagan]]||<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=A Look at Jeane Kirkpatrick's Political Legacy |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6598108 |work=Day to Day |publisher=National Public Radio |date=8 December 2006 |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|UN Ambassador [[Jeane Kirkpatrick]]|| 1926–2006||Ambassador to the [[United Nations]] under [[Ronald Reagan]]||<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=A Look at Jeane Kirkpatrick's Political Legacy |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6598108 |work=Day to Day |publisher=National Public Radio |date=8 December 2006 |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|-
|Attorney General [[Edwin Meese]]|| 1931{{ndash}}||Attorney General during the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan administration]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Finkelman|title=Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century Five-volume Set|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&pg=PA486|date=2 February 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-516779-5|page=486}}<br/>{{cite magazine |last=Haun |first=William J. |date=22 March 2012 |title=The Philosopher in Action: A Tribute to the Honorable Edwin Meese III |url=http://www.fed-soc.org/publications/detail/the-philosopher-in-action-a-tribute-to-the-honorable-edwin-meese-iii |magazine=Engage |publisher=The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|Attorney General [[Edwin Meese]]|| 1931{{ndash}}||[[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] during the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan Administration]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Finkelman|title=Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century Five-volume Set|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&pg=PA486|date=2 February 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-516779-5|page=486}}<br/>{{cite magazine |last=Haun |first=William J. |date=22 March 2012 |title=The Philosopher in Action: A Tribute to the Honorable Edwin Meese III |url=http://www.fed-soc.org/publications/detail/the-philosopher-in-action-a-tribute-to-the-honorable-edwin-meese-iii |magazine=Engage |publisher=The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[Orrin Hatch]]|| 1934{{ndash}}||Senator from Utah||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Glenn H. Utter|author2=James L. True|title=Conservative Christians and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lGEFFIuNG4C&pg=PA217|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-513-1|page=217}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Maxmillian Angerholzer III|author2=James Kitfield|author3=Christopher P. Lu|author4=Norman Ornstein|title=Triumphs and Tragedies of the Modern Congress: Case Studies in Legislative Leadership: Case Studies in Legislative Leadership|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SxiDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|date=10 October 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-3200-0|page=100}}<br/>{{cite news |author=Jamshid Ghazi Askar |title=Orrin Hatch nets highest marks from conservative group |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700108406/Orrin-Hatch-nets-highest-marks-from-conservative-group.html?pg=all |work=Deseret News |location=Utah |date=11 February 2011 |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|Congressman [[Jack Kemp]]|| 1935–2009||1996 Republican vice presidential nominee known for his support of [[supply-side economics]] and urban renewal||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Morton Kondracke|author2=Fred Barnes|title=Jack Kemp: The Bleeding-heart Conservative who Changed America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdPZCwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-59184-743-4}}<br />{{cite book|author=Matt K. Lewis|title=Too Dumb to Fail: How the GOP Went from the Party of Reagan to the Party of Trump|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gf_yCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT48|date=26 January 2016|publisher=Hachette Books|isbn=978-0-316-38391-2|page=48}}<br />{{cite book|author=Sal Maiorana|title=Buffalo Bills: The Complete Illustrated History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqhj8VkiwL0C&pg=PA40|date=3 September 2010|publisher=MBI Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-61060-042-2|page=40}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Congressman [[David Dreier]]
|Congressman [[Jack Kemp]]|| 1935–2009||Congressman and 1996 GOP Vice-Presidential nominee known for his support of [[supply-side economics]] and urban renewal||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Morton Kondracke|author2=Fred Barnes|title=Jack Kemp: The Bleeding-heart Conservative who Changed America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdPZCwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-59184-743-4}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Matt K. Lewis|title=Too Dumb to Fail: How the GOP Went from the Party of Reagan to the Party of Trump|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gf_yCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT48|date=26 January 2016|publisher=Hachette Books|isbn=978-0-316-38391-2|page=48}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Sal Maiorana|title=Buffalo Bills: The Complete Illustrated History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqhj8VkiwL0C&pg=PA40|date=3 September 2010|publisher=MBI Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-61060-042-2|page=40}}</ref>
|1952{{ndash}}
|Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Rules|House Rules Committee]], main proponent of the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA)
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=- NAFTA AT TWENTY: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND THE WAY FORWARD|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg86298/html/CHRG-113hhrg86298.htm|access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Congressman [[Larry McDonald]]|| 1935–1983||Congressman who also served as president of the [[John Birch Society]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=James Brian McPherson|title=The Conservative Resurgence and the Press: The Media's Role in the Rise of the Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyqOJlt5sUgC&pg=PA131|date=9 July 2008|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-2332-8|page=131}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Frank J. Smith|title=Religion and Politics in America: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life &#91;2 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWxyDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA473|date=11 July 2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-436-8|pages=473–474}}</ref>
|Congressman [[Larry McDonald]]|| 1935–1983||Served as president of the [[John Birch Society]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=James Brian McPherson|title=The Conservative Resurgence and the Press: The Media's Role in the Rise of the Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyqOJlt5sUgC&pg=PA131|date=9 July 2008|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-2332-8|page=131}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Frank J. Smith|title=Religion and Politics in America: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life &#91;2 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWxyDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA473|date=11 July 2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-436-8|pages=473–474}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Congressman [[Ron Paul]]|| 1935–||Congressman and sometime presidential candidate (1988 Libertarian Party nominee, 2008 Republican candidate, 2012 Republican candidate) who promoted a libertarian agenda within the GOP||<ref name="Harnden60-41">Harnden, Toby. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6975594/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-60-41.html "The most influential US conservatives: 60-41."] ''The Telegraph''. 13 January 2010. 23 May 2017.</ref>
|Congressman [[Ron Paul]]|| 1935–||Presidential candidate (1988 Libertarian Party nominee, 2008 Republican candidate, 2012 Republican candidate) who promoted a libertarian agenda within the Republican Party||<ref name="Harnden60-41">Harnden, Toby. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6975594/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-60-41.html "The most influential US conservatives: 60-41."] ''The Telegraph''. 13 January 2010. 23 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|Justice [[Antonin Scalia]]|| 1936–2016||Supreme Court Justice known as a leading exponent of originalism and textualism||<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard A. Brisbin|title=Justice Antonin Scalia and the Conservative Revival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQ3dShyh-B8C|date=1 September 1998|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6094-2}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Ralph A. Rossum|title=Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text and Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3LyjwEACAAJ|year=2016|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-2350-1}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Johnathan O'Neill|title=Originalism in American Law and Politics: A Constitutional History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFy6N6dRhT0C&pg=PA171|date=7 June 2005|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8111-4|pages=171–172}}</ref>
|Justice [[Antonin Scalia]]|| 1936–2016||Supreme Court justice known as a leading exponent of originalism and textualism||<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard A. Brisbin|title=Justice Antonin Scalia and the Conservative Revival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQ3dShyh-B8C|date=1 September 1998|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6094-2}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Ralph A. Rossum|title=Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text and Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3LyjwEACAAJ|year=2016|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-2350-1}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Johnathan O'Neill|title=Originalism in American Law and Politics: A Constitutional History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFy6N6dRhT0C&pg=PA171|date=7 June 2005|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8111-4|pages=171–172}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Pat Buchanan]]|| 1938–||paleoconservative advisor to multiple presidents; prominent commentator and co-founder of [[The American Conservative]]; Republican presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996; Reform Party nominee in 2000||<ref>Farmer, ''American Political Ideologies'', p. 58</ref><ref name="Dallek" /><ref>Podhoretz, Norman. [https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/buchanan-and-the-conservative-crackup/ "Buchanan and the Conservative Crackup."] ''Commentary Magazine''. 1 May 1992. 13 July 2018.</ref>
|[[Pat Buchanan]]|| 1938–||White House communications director under President Ronald Reagan, paleoconservative advisor to multiple presidents; prominent commentator and co-founder of [[The American Conservative]]; Republican presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996; Reform Party nominee for president in 2000||<ref>Farmer, ''American Political Ideologies'', p. 58</ref><ref name="Dallek" /><ref>Podhoretz, Norman. [https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/buchanan-and-the-conservative-crackup/ "Buchanan and the Conservative Crackup."] ''Commentary Magazine''. 1 May 1992. 13 July 2018.</ref>
|-
|-
|House Majority Leader [[Dick Armey]]|| 1940–||former Majority Leader of the House of Representatives||<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dick-armey-calls-it-quits/ "Dick Armey Calls It Quits."] ''CBS News''. 10 December 2001. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|House Majority Leader [[Dick Armey]]|| 1940–||One of the chief authors of the [[Contract with America]]||<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dick-armey-calls-it-quits/ "Dick Armey Calls It Quits."] ''CBS News''. 10 December 2001. 12 July 2018.</ref>
|-
|-
|Vice President [[Dick Cheney]]|| 1941–||former Vice President known for his hawkish views on national security||<ref name="Harnden20-1">Harnden, Tom. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6990965/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-20-1.html "The most influential US conservatives: 20-1."] ''The Telegraph''. 15 January 2010. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|Vice President [[Dick Cheney]]|| 1941–||Known for his hawkish views on national security||<ref name="Harnden20-1">Harnden, Tom. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6990965/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-20-1.html "The most influential US conservatives: 20-1."] ''The Telegraph''. 15 January 2010. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
|Speaker of the House [[Newt Gingrich]]|| 1943–||former Speaker of the House of Representatives and 2012 Presidential candidate known for his criticism of the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton]], [[Presidency of George W. Bush|G. W. Bush]], and [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama]] administrations||<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|Speaker of the House [[Newt Gingrich]]|| 1943–||Chief author of the Contract with America, 2012 Presidential candidate known for his criticism of the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton]], [[Presidency of George W. Bush|G. W. Bush]], and [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama]] administrations||<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|-
|-
|President [[Donald Trump]]|| 1946–||45th President of the United States||<ref>Duignan, Brian, et al. [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump/Politics "Donald Trump - Politics."] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. 11 June 2020. 19 June 2020.</ref><ref>Collinson, Stephen. [https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/20/politics/donald-trump-cabinet-conservatives/index.html "Donald Trump's Cabinet a boon for conservatives."] ''CNN''. 20 December 2016. 6 September 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/mark-meadows-donald-trump-is-a-conservative/article/2618978 Pete Kasperowicz, Mark Meadows: 'Donald Trump is a Conservative,' Washington Examiner (Mar. 17, 2017)]</ref><ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Donald_Trump.htm OnTheIssues, "Donald Trump is a Libertarian-Leaning Conservative"]</ref><ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443319/donald-trumps-street-corner-conservatism-william-gavin Matthew Continetti, The Return of 'Street Corner Conservatism:' Donald Trump and the Political Philosophy of the Deplorables,' National Review (Dec. 24, 2016) ]</ref><ref>[http://thehill.com/homenews/house/267764-mccarthy-trump-is-a-conservative Scott Wong, McCarthy: Trump is a Conservative, The Hill (Feb. 1, 2016)]</ref><ref>Chait, Jonathan. [https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/02/donald-trump-is-the-most-pure-conservative-president-ever.html "Donald Trump Is the Most Pure Conservative President Ever."] ''NYMag''. 23 February 2018. 20 September 2018.</ref>
|President [[Donald Trump]]|| 1946–||Known for the creation of [[Trumpism]]||<ref>Duignan, Brian, et al. [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Trump/Politics "Donald Trump - Politics."] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. 11 June 2020. 19 June 2020.</ref><ref>Collinson, Stephen. [https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/20/politics/donald-trump-cabinet-conservatives/index.html "Donald Trump's Cabinet a boon for conservatives."] ''CNN''. 20 December 2016. 6 September 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/mark-meadows-donald-trump-is-a-conservative/article/2618978 Pete Kasperowicz, Mark Meadows: 'Donald Trump is a Conservative,' Washington Examiner (Mar. 17, 2017)]</ref><ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Donald_Trump.htm OnTheIssues, "Donald Trump is a Libertarian-Leaning Conservative"]</ref><ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443319/donald-trumps-street-corner-conservatism-william-gavin Matthew Continetti, The Return of 'Street Corner Conservatism:' Donald Trump and the Political Philosophy of the Deplorables,' National Review (Dec. 24, 2016) ]</ref><ref>[http://thehill.com/homenews/house/267764-mccarthy-trump-is-a-conservative Scott Wong, McCarthy: Trump is a Conservative, The Hill (Feb. 1, 2016)]</ref><ref>Chait, Jonathan. [https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/02/donald-trump-is-the-most-pure-conservative-president-ever.html "Donald Trump Is the Most Pure Conservative President Ever."] ''NYMag''. 23 February 2018. 20 September 2018.</ref>
|-
|-
|President [[George W. Bush]]|| 1946–||43rd President of the United States||<ref>Farmer, ''American Political Ideologies'', p. 47</ref><ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|President [[George W. Bush]]|| 1946–||43rd President of the United States||<ref>Farmer, ''American Political Ideologies'', p. 47</ref><ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|-
|-
|Senator [[Mitt Romney]]|| 1947–|| Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 - 2007, 2008 GOP presidential candidate, 2012 GOP presidential nominee, Senator from Utah 2019-||<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|Senator [[Mitt Romney]]|| 1947–|| Senator from Utah since 2019, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, 2008 Republican presidential candidate, Governor of Massachusetts (2003-2007),||<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|-
|-
⚫
|UN Ambassador [[John R. Bolton]]|| 1948–||National Security Advisor, U.N. ambassador, and foreign policy hawk||<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris J. Magoc|title=Imperialism and Expansionism in American History: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection &#91;4 volumes&#93;: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMEnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1434|date=14 December 2015|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-430-8|pages=1434–1435}}<br />{{cite encyclopedia |author=Robert Rauch |title=John R. Bolton |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=23 May 2017 |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-R-Bolton }}</ref>
|House Majority Leader [[Tom DeLay]]|| 1947–||Republican Congressman convicted on charges related [[Tom DeLay campaign finance trial|illegal campaign finance activities]]||<ref name="Harnden100-81">Harnden, Tom. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6950971/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-100-81.html "The most influential US conservatives: 100-81."] ''The Telegraph''. 11 January 2010. 17 May 2017.</ref>
|-
|-
⚫
|Justice [[Clarence Thomas]]|| 1948–||Supreme Court Justice, most prominent African-American conservative jurist in American history||<ref name="Harnden60-41" />
⚫
|UN Ambassador [[John R. Bolton]]|| 1948–||former National Security Advisor, former U.N. ambassador, and foreign policy hawk||<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris J. Magoc|title=Imperialism and Expansionism in American History: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection &#91;4 volumes&#93;: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMEnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1434|date=14 December 2015|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-430-8|pages=1434–1435}}<br/>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Robert Rauch |title=John R. Bolton |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=23 May 2017 |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-R-Bolton }}</ref>
|-
|-
⚫
|Deputy Chief of Staff [[Karl Rove]]|| 1950–||Political strategist to [[George W. Bush]]||<ref>Krugman, 183</ref>
⚫
|Justice [[Clarence Thomas]]|| 1948–||Supreme Court Justice||<ref name="Harnden60-41" />
|-
|-
⚫
|Senator [[Jim DeMint]]|| 1951{{ndash}}||Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator, president of the [[The Heritage Foundation|Heritage Foundation]]||<ref>{{cite book|author1=John G. Geer|author2=Wendy J. Schiller|author3=Jeffrey A. Segal|author4=Richard Herrera|title=Gateways to Democracy: An Introduction to American Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGOZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT293|date=1 January 2015|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-305-56240-0|page=293}}<br />{{cite web |url=https://www.conservativereview.com/articles/how-jim-demint-inspired-a-comeback-for-conservatism |title=How im DeMint inspired a comeback for conservatism |author=Gaston Mooney |date=2 May 2017 |website=Conservative Review |access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref>
⚫
|Deputy Chief of Staff [[Karl Rove]]|| 1950–||political strategist to [[George W. Bush]]||<ref>Krugman, 183</ref>
|-
⚫
|Senator [[Jim DeMint]]|| 1951{{ndash}}||Tea Party-affiliated former U.S. Senator; onetime president of the Heritage Foundation||<ref>{{cite book|author1=John G. Geer|author2=Wendy J. Schiller|author3=Jeffrey A. Segal|author4=Richard Herrera|title=Gateways to Democracy: An Introduction to American Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGOZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT293|date=1 January 2015|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-305-56240-0|page=293}}<br/>{{cite web |url=https://www.conservativereview.com/articles/how-jim-demint-inspired-a-comeback-for-conservatism |title=How im DeMint inspired a comeback for conservatism |author=Gaston Mooney |date=2 May 2017 |website=Conservative Review |access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]]|| 1954–||Secretary of State during the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|George W. Bush administration]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Ondaatje|title=Black Conservative Intellectuals in Modern America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kRbnQ-PMQUC&pg=PT9|date=29 November 2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-2204-3|page=9}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Condoleezza Rice|title=Condoleezza Rice: A Memoir of My Extraordinary, Ordinary Family and Me|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoFCA4xbU6QC&pg=PA271|date=January 2012|publisher=Ember|isbn=978-0-385-73880-4|page=271}}</ref>
|Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]]|| 1954–||Secretary of State during the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|George W. Bush administration]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Ondaatje|title=Black Conservative Intellectuals in Modern America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kRbnQ-PMQUC&pg=PT9|date=29 November 2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-2204-3|page=9}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Condoleezza Rice|title=Condoleezza Rice: A Memoir of My Extraordinary, Ordinary Family and Me|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoFCA4xbU6QC&pg=PA271|date=January 2012|publisher=Ember|isbn=978-0-385-73880-4|page=271}}</ref>
Line 177: Line 178:
|Chief Justice [[John Roberts]]|| 1955{{ndash}}||Chief Justice of the Supreme Court||<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|Chief Justice [[John Roberts]]|| 1955{{ndash}}||Chief Justice of the Supreme Court||<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|-
|-
|Congresswoman [[Michele Bachmann]]|| 1956–||Congresswoman who sought the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012|2012 Republican nomination for president]]||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Roger Chapman|author2=James Ciment|title=Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|date=17 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-47351-0|page=41|chapter=Michele Bachmann (1956–)}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=John C. Green|author2=Daniel J. Coffey|author3=David B. Cohen|title=The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKJjBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|date=21 August 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-2561-9|page=5}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Mary Zeiss Stange|author2=Carol K. Oyster|author3=Jane E. Sloan|author4=Karrin Vasby Anderson|title=The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BTKCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT139|date=9 January 2013|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4522-7037-1|pages=139–140|chapter=Bachmann, Michele}}</ref>
|Congresswoman [[Michele Bachmann]]|| 1956–||Sought the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012|2012 Republican nomination for president]]||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Roger Chapman|author2=James Ciment|title=Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|date=17 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-47351-0|page=41|chapter=Michele Bachmann (1956–)}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=John C. Green|author2=Daniel J. Coffey|author3=David B. Cohen|title=The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKJjBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|date=21 August 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-2561-9|page=5}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Mary Zeiss Stange|author2=Carol K. Oyster|author3=Jane E. Sloan|author4=Karrin Vasby Anderson|title=The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BTKCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT139|date=9 January 2013|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4522-7037-1|pages=139–140|chapter=Bachmann, Michele}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Vice President [[Mike Pence]]|| 1959{{ndash}}||Vice President under Donald Trump||<ref>Mayer, Jane. [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/23/the-danger-of-president-pence "The Danger of President Pence."] ''The New Yorker''. 23 October 2017. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|Vice President [[Mike Pence]]|| 1959{{ndash}}||Vice President under Donald Trump, governor of Indiana, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana||<ref>Mayer, Jane. [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/23/the-danger-of-president-pence "The Danger of President Pence."] ''The New Yorker''. 23 October 2017. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|-
|-
|Senator [[Rand Paul]]|| 1963–||U.S. Senator from Kentucky, libertarian-leaning conservative, 2016 GOP Presidential candidate and son of [[Ron Paul]]||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Roger Chapman|author2=James Ciment|title=Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA500|date=17 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-47351-0|page=500}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Henry R. Nau|title=Conservative Internationalism: Armed Diplomacy under Jefferson, Polk, Truman, and Reagan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLtKCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|date=25 August 2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7372-2|pages=19–20}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Nolan McCarty|author2=Keith T. Poole|author3=Howard Rosenthal|title=Political Bubbles: Financial Crises and the Failure of American Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0QeCe3bZSS0C&pg=PA48|date=21 May 2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4639-9|page=48}}</ref>
|Senator [[Rand Paul]]|| 1963–||U.S. Senator from Kentucky, libertarian-leaning conservative, 2016 GOP Presidential candidate and son of [[Ron Paul]]||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Roger Chapman|author2=James Ciment|title=Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XO9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA500|date=17 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-47351-0|page=500}}<br/>{{cite book|author=Henry R. Nau|title=Conservative Internationalism: Armed Diplomacy under Jefferson, Polk, Truman, and Reagan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLtKCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|date=25 August 2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7372-2|pages=19–20}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Nolan McCarty|author2=Keith T. Poole|author3=Howard Rosenthal|title=Political Bubbles: Financial Crises and the Failure of American Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0QeCe3bZSS0C&pg=PA48|date=21 May 2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4639-9|page=48}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Governor [[Sarah Palin]]|| 1964–||former Governor of [[Alaska]]; 2008 Republican Vice Presidential nominee|\<ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|Governor [[Sarah Palin]]|| 1964–||Governor of [[Alaska]], 2008 Republican Vice Presidential nominee|
|-
|-
|Senator [[Tim Scott]]|| 1965–||Senator from South Carolina||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/senator-tim-scott-could-reunify-republican-party-and-nation/ |title=The Republican Party's Joyful Warrior |work=National Review |access-date=2018-07-07 |first=Alexandra |last=DeSanctis |date=July 2, 2018}}</ref>
|Senator [[Tim Scott]]|| 1965–||Senator from South Carolina, only African-American Republican senator||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/07/senator-tim-scott-could-reunify-republican-party-and-nation/ |title=The Republican Party's Joyful Warrior |work=National Review |access-date=2018-07-07 |first=Alexandra |last=DeSanctis |date=July 2, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Governor [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]]|| 1967–||Governor of Wisconsin||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Donald W. Beachler|author2=Matthew L. Bergbower|author3=Chris Cooper|author4=David F. Damore |author5=Bas Van Dooren |author6=Sean D. Foreman |author7=Rebecca Gill |author8=Henriët Hendriks |author9=Donna Hoffmann |author10=Rafael Jacob |author11=Gibbs Knotts |author12=Neil Kraus |author13=Christopher Larimer |author14=John McGlennon |author15=Scott L. McLean |author16=Niall J.A. Palmer |author17=Robert Preuhs |author18=Norman Provizer |author19=Andrew Thangasamy |author20=Kenneth F. Warren |author21=Aaron Weinschenk|title=Presidential Swing States: Why Only Ten Matter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VyCvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140|date=29 October 2015|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-9525-3|page=140}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Michael E. Kraft|author2=Scott R. Furlong|title=Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNzjBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT800|date=20 October 2014|publisher=CQ Press|isbn=978-1-4833-4577-2|page=800}}<br/>{{cite book|author1=Bruce S. Cooper|author2=James G. Cibulka|author3=Lance D. Fusarelli|title=Handbook of Education Politics and Policy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwgcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT633|date=10 November 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-10676-8|page=633}}</ref>
|Senator [[Ted Cruz]]|| 1970–||Tea Party-affiliated U.S. senator who finished second in the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016|2016 Republican presidential primaries]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=Joel D. Aberbach|title=Understanding Contemporary American Conservatism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9DLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA133|date=5 August 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-19396-8|page=133}}<br />{{cite book|author1=John Sides|author2=Daniel J. Hopkins|title=Political Polarization in American Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NSrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|date=12 March 2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-5013-0627-3|page=14}}</ref><ref name="Gonzales2014">{{cite book|author=Alfonso Gonzales|title=Reform Without Justice: Latino Migrant Politics and the Homeland Security State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SckVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997339-2|page=157}}</ref>
|-
|-
⚫
|Speaker of the House [[Paul Ryan]]|| 1970–||Speaker of the House, 2012 Republican vice-presidential nominee||<ref>Berman, Russell. [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/04/paul-ryan-medicare-medicaid-trump-deficits/557798/ "Paul Ryan's Unrealized Conservative Vision."] ''The Atlantic''. 11 April 2018. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|Senator [[Ted Cruz]]|| 1970–||Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator who finished second in the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016|2016 Republican presidential primaries]]||<ref>{{cite book|author=Joel D. Aberbach|title=Understanding Contemporary American Conservatism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9DLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA133|date=5 August 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-19396-8|page=133}}<br />{{cite book|author1=John Sides|author2=Daniel J. Hopkins|title=Political Polarization in American Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NSrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|date=12 March 2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-5013-0627-3|page=14}}</ref><ref name="Gonzales2014">{{cite book|author=Alfonso Gonzales|title=Reform Without Justice: Latino Migrant Politics and the Homeland Security State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SckVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997339-2|page=157}}</ref>
|-
⚫
|Speaker of the House [[Paul Ryan]]|| 1970–||Speaker of the House, 2012 GOP Vice Presidential nominee||<ref>Berman, Russell. [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/04/paul-ryan-medicare-medicaid-trump-deficits/557798/ "Paul Ryan's Unrealized Conservative Vision."] ''The Atlantic''. 11 April 2018. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref name="Harnden20-1" />
|-
|Senator [[Mike Lee (U.S. politician)|Mike Lee]]|| 1971–||Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator||<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ken Blackwell|author2=Ken Klukowski|title=Resurgent: How Constitutional Conservatism Can Save America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-cs3wKPjvkC&pg=PA52|date=31 May 2011|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4516-2928-6|page=52}}<br/>{{cite news |last=Gobry |first=Pascal-Emmanuel |date=13 January 2016 |title=Mike Lee is the most interesting Republican in Washington |url=https://theweek.com/articles/598792/mike-lee-most-interesting-republican-washington |work=The Week |access-date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|-
|Senator [[Marco Rubio]]|| 1971–||U.S. Senator from Florida, 2016 GOP Presidential candidate||<ref>Salam, Reihan. [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/02/marco-rubio-boundaries/554114/ "Marco Rubio's Lonely Fight for ...."] ''The Atlantic''. 23 February 2018. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref name="Harnden100-81" /><ref name="Gonzales2014" />
|Senator [[Marco Rubio]]|| 1971–||U.S. Senator from Florida, 2016 GOP Presidential candidate||<ref>Salam, Reihan. [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/02/marco-rubio-boundaries/554114/ "Marco Rubio's Lonely Fight for ...."] ''The Atlantic''. 23 February 2018. 12 July 2018.</ref><ref name="Harnden100-81" /><ref name="Gonzales2014" />
|-
|Senator [[Tom Cotton]]|| 1977–||U.S. Senator from Arkansas||<ref>{{cite book|author=Larry J. Sabato|title=The Surge: 2014's Big GOP Win and What It Means for the Next Presidential Election|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvV-BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63|date=16 March 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-4633-1|page=63}}<br/>{{cite magazine |last=Ball |first=Molly |date=17 September 2017 |title=The Making of a Conservative Superstar |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/09/the-making-of-a-conservative-superstar/380307/ |magazine=The Atlantic |location=Boston |access-date=24 May 2017 }}</ref>
|}
|}


Revision as of 09:28, 14 May 2021

This article is part of a series on
Conservatism
in the United States
Schools
Principles
History
Intellectuals
Politicians
Jurists
Commentators
Activists
Literature
Concerns
Parties
Active

Defunct

Think tanks
Media

Newspapers

Journals

TV channels

Websites

Other

Other organizations

Economics

Gun rights

Identity politics

Nativist

Religion

Watchdog groups

Youth/student groups

Miscellaneous

Other

Movements
Related

American conservatism is a broad system of political beliefs in the United States that is characterized by respect for American traditions, republicanism, support for Judeo-Christian values,[1] moral absolutism,[2] free markets and free trade,[3][4] anti-communism,[4][5] individualism,[4] advocacy of American exceptionalism,[6] and a defense of Western culture from the threats, whether real or perceived, posed by socialism, authoritarianism, and moral relativism.[7] The recent movement is based in the Republican Party, though some Democrats were also important figures early in the movement's history.[8][9]

The following list is made up of prominent American conservatives from the public and private sectors. The list also includes political parties, organizations and media outlets which have made a notable impact on conservatism in the United States. Entries on the list must have achieved notability after 1932, the beginning of the Fifth Party System. Before 1932, terminology was different. Positions that are called conservative after 1932, were typically called "liberal" (ie classical liberal) before then. Likewise European liberals, such as Friedrich Hayek, were called conservatives when they came to America, which puzzled Hayek.[10]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

People

Intellectuals, writers, and activists

William F. Buckley Jr., conservative writer
Bill Kristol, conservative writer
Phyllis Schlafly speaking at CPAC 2011
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Garet Garrett 1878–1954 financial journalist [11]
Clarence Manion 1896–1979 direct-mailer [12]
Whittaker Chambers 1901–1961 author of Witness [13][14]
James Burnham 1905–1987 anti-communist defender of Senator Joseph McCarthy [15]
Frank Meyer 1909–1972 editor of the Books, Arts and Manners section of National Review [16]
Richard M. Weaver 1910–1963 author of Ideas Have Consequences [17][18]
George J. Stigler 1911–1991 economist [19]
Milton Friedman 1912–2006 economist [20]
Russell Kirk 1918–1994 author of The Conservative Mind [17][21]
William A. Rusher 1923–2011 publisher of National Review [22]
Phyllis Schlafly 1924–2016 activist [23]
William F. Buckley Jr. 1925–2008 author, television host, and founder of National Review [24][25]
L. Brent Bozell Jr. 1926–1997 speechwriter for Senator Joseph McCarthy [25]
Tim LaHaye 1926–2016 author and political activist [26]
Beverly LaHaye 1929- activist and founder of Concerned Women for America [27][28][29][30]
Thomas Sowell 1930– author, columnist, professor, and economist at the Hoover Institution [31]
James Q. Wilson 1931–2012 social scientist [32]
Richard Viguerie 1933– media pioneer [33][34]
Walter E. Williams 1938– author, columnist, and economics professor [35][36][37]
Morton Blackwell 1939– president of the Leadership Institute [38]
Arthur Laffer 1940– economist [39]
George Will 1941– columnist for the Washington Post [40][41]
Edwin Feulner 1941– founder of the Heritage Foundation [42]
Paul Weyrich 1942–2008 president of the Heritage Foundation [43]
Joseph Sobran 1946–2010 writer for National Review [44]
Charles Krauthammer 1950–2018 public intellectual [45]
Peggy Noonan 1950– columnist for the Wall Street Journal [31]
Bruce Bartlett 1951– economist [46]
Irving Kristol 1920-2009 godfather of Neoconservatism
Bill Kristol 1952– editor of The Weekly Standard [38]
Mary Matalin 1953– Republican operative who worked in both Bush administrations [38]
L. Brent Bozell III 1955– founder of the Parents Television Council [47]
Grover Norquist 1956– president of Americans for Tax Reform [38]
Dinesh D'Souza 1961– author and filmmaker. [48][49]
Charlie Kirk 1993– Founder and President of Turning Point USA, author and political commentator [50]

Politicians, office holders, and jurists

Donald Trump speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC)
Pence speaks at a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2016.
Sarah Palin speaking at the CPAC
Vice President Dick Cheney (right) with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld (left) and President George W. Bush (center)
Senator Barry Goldwater (right) meeting with President Ronald Reagan (left) in the oval office in 1984
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg 1884–1951 Known for his opposition to the New Deal [51]
Senator Robert A. Taft 1889–1953 First chairman of the Senate Republican Policy Committee [52]
Senator John W. Bricker 1893–1986 Thomas E. Dewey's running mate in the 1944 presidential election [53]
Senator Everett Dirksen 1896–1969 Republican senator who helped get the Civil Rights Act passed [54]
Ambassador Clare Boothe Luce 1903–1987 Politician, writer, and ambassador [55]
Senator Joseph McCarthy 1908–1957 Known for his principal role in the Red Scare of the 1950s [56][57]
Senator Barry Goldwater 1909–1998 1964 Republican presidential nominee [17]
President Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 40th President of the United States [58][59]
Chief Justice William Rehnquist 1924–2005 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court [60]
UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick 1926–2006 Ambassador to the United Nations under Ronald Reagan [61]
Attorney General Edwin Meese 1931– Attorney General during the Reagan Administration [62]
Congressman Jack Kemp 1935–2009 1996 Republican vice presidential nominee known for his support of supply-side economics and urban renewal [63]
Congressman David Dreier 1952– Chairman of the House Rules Committee, main proponent of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) [64]
Congressman Larry McDonald 1935–1983 Served as president of the John Birch Society [65]
Congressman Ron Paul 1935– Presidential candidate (1988 Libertarian Party nominee, 2008 Republican candidate, 2012 Republican candidate) who promoted a libertarian agenda within the Republican Party [38]
Justice Antonin Scalia 1936–2016 Supreme Court justice known as a leading exponent of originalism and textualism [66]
Pat Buchanan 1938– White House communications director under President Ronald Reagan, paleoconservative advisor to multiple presidents; prominent commentator and co-founder of The American Conservative; Republican presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996; Reform Party nominee for president in 2000 [67][68][69]
House Majority Leader Dick Armey 1940– One of the chief authors of the Contract with America [70]
Vice President Dick Cheney 1941– Known for his hawkish views on national security [71]
Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich 1943– Chief author of the Contract with America, 2012 Presidential candidate known for his criticism of the Clinton, G. W. Bush, and Obama administrations [71]
President Donald Trump 1946– Known for the creation of Trumpism [72][73][74][75][76][77][78]
President George W. Bush 1946– 43rd President of the United States [79][71]
Senator Mitt Romney 1947– Senator from Utah since 2019, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, 2008 Republican presidential candidate, Governor of Massachusetts (2003-2007), [71]
UN Ambassador John R. Bolton 1948– National Security Advisor, U.N. ambassador, and foreign policy hawk [80]
Justice Clarence Thomas 1948– Supreme Court Justice, most prominent African-American conservative jurist in American history [38]
Deputy Chief of Staff Karl Rove 1950– Political strategist to George W. Bush [81]
Senator Jim DeMint 1951– Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator, president of the Heritage Foundation [82]
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice 1954– Secretary of State during the George W. Bush administration [83]
Chief Justice John Roberts 1955– Chief Justice of the Supreme Court [71]
Congresswoman Michele Bachmann 1956– Sought the 2012 Republican nomination for president [84]
Vice President Mike Pence 1959– Vice President under Donald Trump, governor of Indiana, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana [85][71]
Senator Rand Paul 1963– U.S. Senator from Kentucky, libertarian-leaning conservative, 2016 GOP Presidential candidate and son of Ron Paul [86]
Governor Sarah Palin 1964– Governor of Alaska, 2008 Republican Vice Presidential nominee|
Senator Tim Scott 1965– Senator from South Carolina, only African-American Republican senator [87]
Senator Ted Cruz 1970– Tea Party-affiliated U.S. senator who finished second in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries [88][89]
Speaker of the House Paul Ryan 1970– Speaker of the House, 2012 Republican vice-presidential nominee [90][71]
Senator Marco Rubio 1971– U.S. Senator from Florida, 2016 GOP Presidential candidate [91][31][89]

Business and religious leaders involved in conservative politics

Billy Graham, evangelical minister
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Roger Milliken 1915–2010 businessman [92]
Joseph Coors 1917–2003 businessman [93]
Billy Graham 1918–2018 evangelist known for his support of capitalism [94]
Sun Myung Moon 1920–2012 founder of the Unification Church [95]
Richard DeVos 1926–2018 co-founder of Amway [96]
Rupert Murdoch 1931– CEO of News Corp and 21st Century Fox [97]
Richard Mellon Scaife 1932–2014 billionaire donor to conservative organizations [98]
Sheldon Adelson 1933–2021 billionaire donor to conservative political candidates [99]
Jerry Falwell 1933–2007 televangelist [100][101]
Charles G. Koch 1935– billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates [96][102]
Foster Friess 1940– billionaire donor to conservative organizations [103]
David H. Koch 1940–2019 billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates [96][102]
Richard Land 1946– former lobbyist for the Southern Baptist Convention [104]
Robert Mercer 1946– donor to conservative organizations such as Breitbart News [105]
Franklin Graham 1952– evangelist and political activist [106]
Tony Perkins 1963– chairman of the Family Research Council [31]
Peter Thiel 1967– venture capitalist and political activist [107]
Russell Moore 1971– president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention [108]

Media personalities: publishers, editors, radio hosts, columnists and bloggers

Michael Medved, conservative radio show host
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Raymond Moley 1886–1975 columnist [109]
David Lawrence 1888–1973 author of Beyond the New Deal [110]
Clarence Manion 1896–1979 talk radio host [111]
Henry Luce 1898–1967 founder of Time [112]
Fulton Lewis 1903–1966 radio host [113]
Henry Regnery 1912–1996 activist [114]
Paul Harvey 1918–2009 radio commentator [115]
Bob Grant 1929–2013 talk show host [116]
William Safire 1929–2009 commentator for the New York Times [41][117]
Roger Ailes 1940–2017 president of Fox News [71]
Michael Savage 1942– talk radio host [38]
Herman Cain 1945–2020 radio host, syndicated columnist, and candidate in the 2012 Republican presidential primaries [118]
Lou Dobbs 1945– television newscaster [119]
Michael Medved 1948– talk radio host [120]
Dennis Prager 1948– talk radio host [121][122]
Bill O'Reilly 1949– Television and radio host [123][31]
Rush Limbaugh 1951–2021 talk radio host [71]
Larry Elder 1952– filmmaker [124]
Charlie Sykes 1954– talk-show host [125]
Hugh Hewitt 1956– talk radio host [121][126]
Sean Hannity 1961– host of "Hannity" and "The Sean Hannity Show" [127]
Ann Coulter 1961– political commentator [128][129]
Laura Ingraham 1964– Fox News and talk radio commentator [40][130]
Elizabeth Cheney 1966– Fox News commentator, activist, Congresswoman, and daughter of former Vice President Dick Cheney [31]
Matt Drudge 1966– Creator, and editor of the Drudge Report [131][132]
Andrew Breitbart 1969–2012 blogger, author, journalist, and creator of Breitbart News [17][133]
Jonah Goldberg 1969– commentator [40]
Michelle Malkin 1970– newspaper columnist, author, and blogger [134]
Erick Erickson 1975– RedState.com blogger [135]
Dana Loesch 1978– talk show host [136]

Organizations

Think tanks

Hoover Tower at Stanford University, location of the Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
Acton Institute 1990– promotes "individual liberty ... sustained by religious principles" [137]
American Enterprise Institute 1938– promotes limited government [137]
Cato Institute 1974– promotes Right-libertarianism [137]
Claremont Institute 1979– promotes limited government [137]
Competitive Enterprise Institute 1984– promotes limited government [137]
Discovery Institute 1990– promotes teaching religious viewpoints in science classes [137]
The Heartland Institute 1984– promotes climate change denial [138][139]
The Heritage Foundation 1973– promotes "[c]onservative social values" [137]
Hoover Institution 1919– promotes "a free and peaceful society" [137]
Hudson Institute 1961– promotes conservatism [140]
Ludwig von Mises Institute 1982– promotes conservatism [138]
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research 1977– promotes privatization and limited government [138][141]
Mercatus Center 1980– promotes conservatism [138]
Reason Foundation 1978– promotes Right-libertarianism [138]

Foundations

Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
Bradley Foundation financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [142][143]
John Templeton Foundation [142]
Koch family foundations gives millions of dollars to a variety of organizations [142][144]
Lovett and Ruth Peters Foundation [145]
Mercer Family Foundation gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations [146]
Olin Foundation defunct in 2005 financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [147][143]
Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations [96]
Scaife Foundations financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [148][143]
Searle Freedom Trust financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [143][148]
Smith Richardson Foundation financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [142][143]

Political, social and economic organizations

Headquarters of Focus on the Family
United States Chamber of Commerce building in Washington, D.C. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
Alliance Defending Freedom 1994– Christian legal organization [149][150]
American Conservative Union 1964– organization "with the aim of coordinating and guiding American conservatism" [151]
American Family Association lobbying organization [152]
American Legislative Exchange Council organization that helps state legislators write bills [153][154]
Americans for Prosperity Tea Party movement organization [155]
Club for Growth political action committee [156]
Concerned Women for America 1979– conservative women's organization formed by Beverly LaHaye [157][158]
Council for National Policy 1981– elite organization that meets three times a year [159]
Faith and Freedom Coalition Republican fundraising organization [160]
Family Research Council 1983- conservative Christian organization [161]
Federalist Society legal organization [162]
Focus on the Family Christian organization [96]
Freedomworks grassroots organization [163]
Independent Women's Forum conservative women's organization [164]
John Birch Society far-right organization [165]
Judicial Watch educational foundation [166]
State Policy Network 1986– organization of state-based groups [167][168]
Turning Point USA 2012– organization geared towards college students [169]
US Chamber of Commerce pro-business lobbying organization [170]
Young Americans for Freedom 1960– organization formed by William F. Buckley Jr. [68]

Media

Main article: Alternative media (U.S. political right)
Fox News Studios in 2009
The Washington Times newsroom
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
The American Conservative Paleoconservative magazine founded by Patrick J. Buchanan [171]
The American Spectator publication known for its investigations of Bill Clinton during his presidency [172]
Blaze Media news outlet from 2018 merger of Glenn Beck's TheBlaze and Mark Levin's CRTV [173]
Breitbart News website formerly headed by Steve Bannon [174][175][176][177][178]
Chronicles monthly magazine that promotes "Western civilization" [171]
CNSNews.com 1998– website founded by L. Brent Bozell III [179]
Commentary neoconservative monthly magazine edited by John Podhoretz [180]
The Daily Caller website founded by Tucker Carlson [181]
The Detroit News one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan [182]
Drudge Report website founded by Matt Drudge [183][131][184]
Fox News news outlet [185]
Free Republic website that promotes "front-line conservative activism" [186][187]
FrontPage website edited by David Horowitz [188]
Human Events weekly news magazine [171]
National Review 1955– magazine founded by William F. Buckley [180]
New Hampshire Union Leader daily newspaper of Manchester, New Hampshire [189]
New York Post daily newspaper owned by News Corp [171]
Newsmax Media media firm headed by Christopher Ruddy [190]
One America News Network cable channel [191]
Reader's Digest 1922– magazine founded by George and Lila Acheson Wallace [192]
RedState website owned by Salem Media [193]
Regnery Publishing 1947– publishing house [194]
Sinclair Broadcast Group 1971– telecommunications company founded by Julian Sinclair Smith [195]
Townhall.com 1995– website that hosts conservative commentary [196]
The Bulwark 2018- founded by Charlie Sykes and Bill Kristol
The Wall Street Journal daily newspaper owned by Rupert Murdoch [171]
The Washington Free Beacon news website [197]
The Washington Times daily newspaper that covers politics [171]
The Weekly Standard 1995-2018 weekly magazine that covered politics [171]
WorldNetDaily news website [198][199]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Smith, Don (2003). If It Ain't Broke – Break It!: A Document for Both Liberals and Conservatives. United States. p. 59. ISBN 9780595275342. Conservatives have not liked what they see as the 'mushy' and 'confused' morals and the political, sexual and social mores of the American Nation of the last 50 years. They want clarity. They want guidelines based on Judeo-Christian values. They trust God. Most Conservatives believe any sexual activity outside of the marriage contract is wrong. They believe that abortion is equivalent to murder, and they oppose assisted suicide.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Farmer, Brian (2005). American Conservatism: History, Theory and Practice. United States: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1904303541. To traditional conservatives, there most definitely are moral absolutes and they can most definitely and definitively identify those moral absolutes.
  3. ^ Baldwin, Robert (2000). Congressional Trade Votes: From NAFTA Approval to Fast-track Defeat. United States: Peterson Institute for International Economics. pp. 30. ISBN 9780881322675. Conservatism generally is associated with pro-business, anti-labor, and strong-national-defense stances, all of which lead to support for free trade principles.
  4. ^ a b c Lipsman, Ron (2007). Liberal Hearts and Conservative Brains: The Correlation Between Age and Political Philosophy. United States: United States. p. 232. ISBN 9780595463206. The American conservative system of rugged individualism, free markets, economic competition and deep respect for tradition...
  5. ^ Critchlow, Donald (2009). Debating the American Conservative Movement: 1945 to the Present. United States: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 978-0742548244. Conservatives had a fear of Communism shared by most Americans. During this time a popular anti-Communist culture emerged in America, evident in movies, television programs, community activities, and grassroots organizations. This popular anti-Communist culture generated patriotic rallies, parades, city resolutions, and an array of anti—Communist groups concerned about Communist influence in the schools, textbooks, churches, labor unions, industry, and universities.
  6. ^ Langdale, John (2012). Superfluous Southerners: Cultural Conservatism and the South, 1920-1990. United States: University of Missouri Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780826272850.
  7. ^ Pilbeam, Bruce (2003). Anglo-American Conservative Ideology After the Cold War. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 100. ISBN 978-0333997659. For most conservatives, if there is a common culprit in explaining society's descent into moral chaos, then it is relativism – the notion that there are no absolute values or standards, merely different interpretations and perspectives.
  8. ^ Merle Black, "The transformation of the southern Democratic Party." Journal of Politics 66.4 (2004): 1001–1017.
  9. ^ Katznelson, Ira; Geiger, Kim; Kryder, Daniel (Summer 1993). "Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 108 (2): 283. doi:10.2307/2152013. JSTOR 2152013.
  10. ^ Hayek, "Why I am Not a Conservative" online
  11. ^ Bruce Ramsey (December 27, 2008). "The Capitalist Fiction of Garet Garrett". Ludwig von Mises Institute. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
  12. ^ Krugman, Paul. The Conscience of a Liberal. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. Print. p. 115
  13. ^ Nash, George H. (2009). The conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. pp. 66, 88–94, 101, 108, 116–117, 131, 135, 137, 143–144, 145, 163, 213, 238, 243, 253, 325, 327, 367, 368, 379, 391, 405. ISBN 9781497636408. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  14. ^ Tanenhaus, Sam. "Review: 'Exit Right: The People ....'" The Atlantic. March 2016. 13 July 2018.
  15. ^ Niels Bjerre-Poulsen (2002). Right Face: Organizing the American Conservative Movement 1945-65. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 116–118. ISBN 978-87-7289-809-4.
    Bruce Frohnen; Jeremy Beer; Nelson O. Jeffrey (2014). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-4976-5157-9.
  16. ^ Gregory L. Schneider (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 55–60. ISBN 978-0-7425-4284-6.
    Ann Southworth (1 August 2009). Lawyers of the Right: Professionalizing the Conservative Coalition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-226-76836-6.
    Donald T. Critchlow; Nancy MacLean (2009). "Frank Meyer What Is Conservatism?". Debating the American Conservative Movement: 1945 to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 177–180. ISBN 978-0-7425-4824-4.
  17. ^ a b c d Wyler, Grace and Paul Szoldra. "13 Books That Every Conservative Must Read." Business Insider. 29 March 2013. 17 May 2017.
  18. ^ Gregory L. Schneider (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7425-4285-3.
  19. ^ George H. Nash (8 April 2014). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 410. ISBN 978-1-4976-3640-8.
    Martin Gardner (15 July 1997). The Night Is Large: Collected Essays, 1938-1995. St. Martin's Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-312-16949-7.
    Martin Gardner (21 August 1999). The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener. St. Martin's Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-1-4668-2332-7.
    Jon A. Shields; Joshua M. Dunn (2016). Passing on the Right: Conservative Professors in the Progressive University. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–145. ISBN 978-0-19-986305-1.
  20. ^ William Ruger (26 September 2013). Milton Friedman. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8264-2595-9.
    John Ehrman (2005). The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan. Yale University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-300-10662-6.
    Iwan Morgan (16 September 2016). Reagan: American Icon. I.B.Tauris. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-78672-050-4.
    "22 Quotes to Celebrate Milton Friedman Day". The Daily Signal. The Heritage Foundation. 1 August 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  21. ^ Bradley J. Birzer (17 September 2015). Russell Kirk: American Conservative. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-6619-3.
  22. ^ David B. Frisk (11 March 2014). If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the Conservative Movement. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4804-9300-1.
    Timothy J. Sullivan (1 December 2008). New York State and the Rise of Modern Conservatism: Redrawing Party Lines. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7914-7735-9.
    George H. Nash (8 April 2014). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4976-3640-8.
    McFadden, Robert D. (18 April 2011). "William Rusher, Champion of Conservatism, Dies at 87". New York Times. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  23. ^ Donald T. Critchlow (2005). Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade. Princeton University Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 0-691-07002-4.
    David Farber (25 April 2010). The Rise and Fall of Modern American Conservatism: A Short History. Princeton University Press. pp. 119–158. ISBN 978-0-691-12915-0.
    Ronnee Schreiber (16 June 2008). Righting Feminism: Conservative Women and American Politics. Oxford University Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0-19-804418-5.
    Marjorie J. Spruill (28 February 2017). Divided We Stand: The Battle Over Women's Rights and Family Values That Polarized American Politics. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-63286-315-7.
  24. ^ John B. Judis, William F. Buckley Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (1990).
  25. ^ a b Ronald Lora; William Henry Longton (1999). The Conservative Press in Twentieth-century America. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0-313-21390-8.
    Lee Edwards (6 July 2015). Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution. Regnery Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-62157-400-2.
    Deal W. Hudson (11 March 2008). Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States. Simon and Schuster. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4165-6589-5.
  26. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 45.
  27. ^ "Us v. Them: The Pitfalls of Righteous Rhetoric | Religion & Politics". 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  28. ^ Greslé-Favier, Claire (2006). "Pro-abstinence Discourses and the Definition of the Conservative Christian Identity in the Contemporary United States". Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies. 7. doi:10.5283/copas.91. ISSN 1861-6127.
  29. ^ "Beverly LaHaye". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  30. ^ "Influential Evangelicals-Tim and Beverly LaHaye". Time.com. 7 February 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  31. ^ a b c d e f Harnden, Tom. "The most influential US conservatives: 100-81." The Telegraph. 11 January 2010. 17 May 2017.
  32. ^ Professor Edward J Ahearn (28 April 2013). Urban Confrontations in Literature and Social Science, 1848-2001: European Contexts, American Evolutions. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4094-7560-6.
    John Edwards; Marion Crain; Arne Kalleberg (10 May 2011). Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream. New Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-59558-732-9.
  33. ^ "Donald Trump -- Conservatives ...." National Review. 21 January 2016. 17 May 2017.
  34. ^ "Richard A. Viguerie Biography." PBS. 29 October 2004. 13 July 2018.
  35. ^ "The New Black Conservatives". The New York Times. 1981-10-04. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  36. ^ "Thomas Sowell – Biography". townhall.com. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  37. ^ "A Conservative Get-Together Like No Other". spectator.org. 27 April 2016.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g Harnden, Toby. "The most influential US conservatives: 60-41." The Telegraph. 13 January 2010. 23 May 2017.
  39. ^ Francesco Forte; Ram Mudambi; Pietro Maria Navarra (28 March 2014). A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-78100-471-5.
    Barry Cooper; Allan Kornberg; William Mishler (1988). The Resurgence of Conservatism in Anglo-American Democracies. Duke University Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9780822307938.
    George H. Nash (8 April 2014). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 525. ISBN 978-1-4976-3640-8.
  40. ^ a b c Draper, Robert. "How Donald Trump Set Off a Civil War Within the Right-Wing Media." New York Times. 29 September 2016. 21 May 2017.
  41. ^ a b Jeff Taylor (27 September 2013). Politics on a Human Scale: The American Tradition of Decentralism. Lexington Books. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-7391-7576-7.
  42. ^ Thomas R. Dye (23 October 2015). Who's Running America?: The Obama Reign. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-317-24906-1.
    Donald T Critchlow (30 June 2009). The Conservative Ascendancy: how the GOP right made political history. Harvard University Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-674-03355-9.
    Michael J. Lacey; Mary O. Furner (25 June 1993). The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States. Cambridge University Press. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-521-41638-2.
    "Karl Rove Picks The Seven Most Powerful Conservatives". Forbes. Forbes Media LLC. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  43. ^ Conservative Leader Paul Weyrich Dies; First to Lead Heritage Heritage Foundation. Retrieved on December 05, 2017.
  44. ^ Grimes, William. "Joseph Sobran, Writer Whom Buckley Mentored, Dies at 64." New York Times. 1 October 2010. 6 July 2020.
  45. ^ Jim DeMint (2011). The Great American Awakening: Two Years that Changed America, Washington, and Me. B&H Publishing Group. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-4336-7279-8.
    Jon A. Shields; Joshua M. Dunn (2016). Passing on the Right: Conservative Professors in the Progressive University. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-19-986305-1.
    Lanny Davis (24 March 2015). Scandal: How "Gotcha" Politics Is Destroying America. St. Martin's Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-4668-9280-4.
  46. ^ Krugman, 163
  47. ^ Allison Perlman (1 May 2016). Public Interests: Media Advocacy and Struggles over U.S. Television. Rutgers University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8135-7231-4.
    Robert Biersack; Paul S. Herrnson; Clyde Wilcox (1994). Risky Business?: PAC Decisionmaking in Congressional Elections. M.E. Sharpe. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-56324-295-3.
    Lee Fang (2013). The Machine: A Field Guide to the Resurgent Right. New Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-59558-639-1.
    Bernard von Bothmer (January 2010). Framing the Sixties: The Use and Abuse of a Decade from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush. Univ of Massachusetts Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-55849-732-0.
  48. ^ "President Trump granted a full pardon Thursday to conservative commentator Dinesh D’Souza and said he was strongly considering clemency for other celebrity felons." Rucker, Philip, et al. "Trump pardons conservative pundit Dinesh D’Souza, suggests others also could receive clemency." Washington Post. 31 May 2018. 22 June 2018.
  49. ^ "President Donald Trump said Thursday he plans to issue a pardon to Dinesh D'Souza, a prominent conservative commentator and filmmaker who was convicted of making an illegal campaign contribution." Breuninger, Kevin and Tucker Higgins. "Trump will pardon conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, who was convicted of campaign finance violation." CNBC. 31 May 2018. 16 October 2018.
  50. ^ Rebecca Nelson and National Journal (March 24, 2015). "The 21-Year-Old Becoming a Major Player in Conservative Politics". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  51. ^ J. Richard Piper (1997). Ideologies and Institutions: American Conservative and Liberal Governance Prescriptions Since 1933. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8476-8459-5.
    Lawrence S. Kaplan (14 April 2015). The Conversion of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg: From Isolation to International Engagement. University Press of Kentucky. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8131-6061-0.
    Roy D. Morey (21 November 2013). The United Nations at Work in Asia: An Envoy's Account of Development in China, Vietnam, Thailand and the South Pacific. McFarland. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7864-7871-2.
    Andrew J. Bacevich (6 July 2007). The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II. Columbia University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-231-50586-4.
  52. ^ "Senate Leaders." U.S. Senate. 12 July 2018.
  53. ^ "John W. Bricker." Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 July 2018.
  54. ^ Grossman, Ron. "Unlikely civil rights hero." Chicago Tribune. 28 June 2014. 12 July 2018.
  55. ^ Peter Schweizer; Wynton C. Hall (6 March 2007). "Is the New Morality Destroying America?". Landmark Speeches of the American Conservative Movement. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 55–72. ISBN 978-1-58544-598-1.
    "Clare Boothe Luce (1903-1987)". The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. George Washington University. 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  56. ^ Farmer, Brian R. American Political Ideologies: An Introduction to the Major Systems of Thought in the 21st Century. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2006. p. 90.
  57. ^ "Joseph McCarthy." Biography. 17 May 2017.
  58. ^ "Ronald Reagan." Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 July 2018.
  59. ^ Medved, Michael. "Republicans of conscience: Michael Medved." USA Today. 19 October 2016. 17 May 2017.
  60. ^ Lindsey, Robert. "Rehnquist in Arizona - A ...." New York Times. 4 August 1986. 19 May 2017.
  61. ^ "A Look at Jeane Kirkpatrick's Political Legacy". Day to Day. National Public Radio. 8 December 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  62. ^ Paul Finkelman (2 February 2009). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century Five-volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 486. ISBN 978-0-19-516779-5.
    Haun, William J. (22 March 2012). "The Philosopher in Action: A Tribute to the Honorable Edwin Meese III". Engage. The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  63. ^ Morton Kondracke; Fred Barnes (2015). Jack Kemp: The Bleeding-heart Conservative who Changed America. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-59184-743-4.
    Matt K. Lewis (26 January 2016). Too Dumb to Fail: How the GOP Went from the Party of Reagan to the Party of Trump. Hachette Books. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-316-38391-2.
    Sal Maiorana (3 September 2010). Buffalo Bills: The Complete Illustrated History. MBI Publishing Company. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-61060-042-2.
  64. ^ "- NAFTA AT TWENTY: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND THE WAY FORWARD". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  65. ^ James Brian McPherson (9 July 2008). The Conservative Resurgence and the Press: The Media's Role in the Rise of the Right. Northwestern University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8101-2332-8.
    Frank J. Smith (11 July 2016). Religion and Politics in America: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life. ABC-CLIO. pp. 473–474. ISBN 978-1-59884-436-8.
  66. ^ Richard A. Brisbin (1 September 1998). Justice Antonin Scalia and the Conservative Revival. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6094-2.
    Ralph A. Rossum (2016). Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text and Tradition. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2350-1.
    Johnathan O'Neill (7 June 2005). Originalism in American Law and Politics: A Constitutional History. JHU Press. pp. 171–172. ISBN 978-0-8018-8111-4.
  67. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 58
  68. ^ a b Dallek, Matthew. "The Conservative 1960s." The Atlantic. December 1995. 21 May 2017.
  69. ^ Podhoretz, Norman. "Buchanan and the Conservative Crackup." Commentary Magazine. 1 May 1992. 13 July 2018.
  70. ^ "Dick Armey Calls It Quits." CBS News. 10 December 2001. 12 July 2018.
  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i Harnden, Tom. "The most influential US conservatives: 20-1." The Telegraph. 15 January 2010. 17 May 2017.
  72. ^ Duignan, Brian, et al. "Donald Trump - Politics." Encyclopedia Britannica. 11 June 2020. 19 June 2020.
  73. ^ Collinson, Stephen. "Donald Trump's Cabinet a boon for conservatives." CNN. 20 December 2016. 6 September 2018.
  74. ^ Pete Kasperowicz, Mark Meadows: 'Donald Trump is a Conservative,' Washington Examiner (Mar. 17, 2017)
  75. ^ OnTheIssues, "Donald Trump is a Libertarian-Leaning Conservative"
  76. ^ Matthew Continetti, The Return of 'Street Corner Conservatism:' Donald Trump and the Political Philosophy of the Deplorables,' National Review (Dec. 24, 2016)
  77. ^ Scott Wong, McCarthy: Trump is a Conservative, The Hill (Feb. 1, 2016)
  78. ^ Chait, Jonathan. "Donald Trump Is the Most Pure Conservative President Ever." NYMag. 23 February 2018. 20 September 2018.
  79. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 47
  80. ^ Chris J. Magoc (14 December 2015). Imperialism and Expansionism in American History: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes]: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1434–1435. ISBN 978-1-61069-430-8.
    Robert Rauch. "John R. Bolton". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  81. ^ Krugman, 183
  82. ^ John G. Geer; Wendy J. Schiller; Jeffrey A. Segal; Richard Herrera (1 January 2015). Gateways to Democracy: An Introduction to American Government. Cengage Learning. p. 293. ISBN 978-1-305-56240-0.
    Gaston Mooney (2 May 2017). "How im DeMint inspired a comeback for conservatism". Conservative Review. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  83. ^ Michael Ondaatje (29 November 2011). Black Conservative Intellectuals in Modern America. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8122-2204-3.
    Condoleezza Rice (January 2012). Condoleezza Rice: A Memoir of My Extraordinary, Ordinary Family and Me. Ember. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-385-73880-4.
  84. ^ Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). "Michele Bachmann (1956–)". Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0.
    John C. Green; Daniel J. Coffey; David B. Cohen (21 August 2014). The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4422-2561-9.
    Mary Zeiss Stange; Carol K. Oyster; Jane E. Sloan; Karrin Vasby Anderson (9 January 2013). "Bachmann, Michele". The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. SAGE Publications. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-4522-7037-1.
  85. ^ Mayer, Jane. "The Danger of President Pence." The New Yorker. 23 October 2017. 12 July 2018.
  86. ^ Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 500. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0.
    Henry R. Nau (25 August 2015). Conservative Internationalism: Armed Diplomacy under Jefferson, Polk, Truman, and Reagan. Princeton University Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-4008-7372-2.
    Nolan McCarty; Keith T. Poole; Howard Rosenthal (21 May 2013). Political Bubbles: Financial Crises and the Failure of American Democracy. Princeton University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4008-4639-9.
  87. ^ DeSanctis, Alexandra (July 2, 2018). "The Republican Party's Joyful Warrior". National Review. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  88. ^ Joel D. Aberbach (5 August 2016). Understanding Contemporary American Conservatism. Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-317-19396-8.
    John Sides; Daniel J. Hopkins (12 March 2015). Political Polarization in American Politics. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-5013-0627-3.
  89. ^ a b Alfonso Gonzales (2014). Reform Without Justice: Latino Migrant Politics and the Homeland Security State. Oxford University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-19-997339-2.
  90. ^ Berman, Russell. "Paul Ryan's Unrealized Conservative Vision." The Atlantic. 11 April 2018. 12 July 2018.
  91. ^ Salam, Reihan. "Marco Rubio's Lonely Fight for ...." The Atlantic. 23 February 2018. 12 July 2018.
  92. ^ Katz, Jonathan (October 1, 2015). "The Man Who Launched the GOP's Civil War". Politico. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  93. ^ The Guardian, Mar. 19, 2003
  94. ^ Kruse, Kevin M. "Billy Graham, ‘America’s pastor’?" Washington Post. 22 February 2018. 12 July 2018.
  95. ^ Eng, Monica, et al. "Sushi and Rev. Moon." Chicago Tribune. 11 April 2006. 19 May 2017.
  96. ^ a b c d e Bennett, Laurie. "The Ultra-Rich, Ultra-Conservative DeVos Family." Forbes. 26 December 2011. 19 May 2017.
  97. ^ Folkenflik, David. "Rupert Murdoch and Donald Trump ...." NPR. 14 March 2017. 12 July 2018.
  98. ^ Wang, Hansi Lo. "Richard Mellon Scaife, Champion Of Conservative Causes, Dies At 82." NPR. 4 July 2014. 12 July 2018.
  99. ^ McGreal, Chris. "Where is Republican billionaire 'kingmaker' Sheldon Adelson?" The Guardian. 22 February 2016. 12 July 2018.
  100. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 57
  101. ^ Merritt, Jonathan. "The Rise of the Christian Left in America." The Atlantic. 25 July 2013. 21 May 2017.
  102. ^ a b Peters, Jeremy W. "David Koch Steps Down From Business and Conservative Political Group." New York Times. 5 June 2018. 13 July 2018.
  103. ^ Redden, Molly. "Rick Santorum's ...." The New Republic. 7 February 2012. 12 July 2018.
  104. ^ "TIME Names the 25 Most Influential EVANGELICALS in America." Time. 30 January 2005. 17 May 2017.
  105. ^ Mayer, Jane (19 March 2017). "The Reclusive Hedge-Fund Tycoon Behind the Trump Presidency". The New Yorker.
  106. ^ Dias, Elizabeth. "The Evangelical Fight to Win Back California." New York Times. 27 May 2018. 12 July 2018.
  107. ^ Sarah McBride (January 4, 2018). "Peter Thiel Is Reportedly Exploring Launching Conservative News Outlet". Bloomberg.
  108. ^ Gjelten, Tom. "Russell Moore, Evangelical Leader ...." NPR. 20 December 2016. 12 July 2018.
  109. ^ Sean J. Savage (1 February 2012). JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party. SUNY Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-7914-8468-5.
    Lee Edwards (23 July 1999). The Conservative Revolution: The Movement that Remade America. Simon and Schuster. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-684-84421-3.
    Kurt Schuparra (24 September 1998). Triumph of the Right: The Rise of the California Conservative Movement, 1945-1966. M.E. Sharpe. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7656-3905-9.
  110. ^ Princeton Alumni Weekly. princeton alumni weekly. 1934. p. 187. PRNC:32101081976852.
    Richard A. Viguerie; David Franke (2004). America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power. Bonus Books. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-56625-252-2.
    William M. Hammond (10 February 1989). Public Affairs the Military and the Media, 1962-1968. Government Printing Office. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-16-001673-8.
  111. ^ Gregory L. Schneider (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-7425-4285-3.
    Nicole Hemmer (25 August 2016). Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8122-4839-5.
    Elizabeth Tandy Shermer (28 February 2013). Barry Goldwater and the Remaking of the American Political Landscape. University of Arizona Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8165-9979-0.
    "Clarence Manion, a Conservative And Ex‐Law Dean at Notre Dame". New York Times. 29 July 1979. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  112. ^ James Landers (2004). The Weekly War: Newsmagazines and Vietnam. University of Missouri Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8262-6262-2.
    Jason Stahl (4 March 2016). Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture since 1945. University of North Carolina Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4696-2787-8.
    Robert Kagan; William Kristol (2000). Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy. Encounter Books. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-893554-16-0.
    Lisa M. Mundey (17 January 2012). American Militarism and Anti-Militarism in Popular Media, 1945–1970. McFarland. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7864-8984-8.
  113. ^ Donald A. Ritchie (15 March 2005). Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-534632-9.
    Donald T. Critchlow (2005). Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade. Princeton University Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-691-07002-4.
    Nicole Hemmer (25 August 2016). Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8122-4839-5.
    Mickey Edwards (1 March 2008). Reclaiming Conservatism: How a Great American Political Movement Got Lost--And How It Can Find Its Way Back. Oxford University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-19-971481-0.
    Gregory L. Schneider (16 November 2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7425-6394-0.
  114. ^ Nicole Hemmer (25 August 2016). Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8122-4839-5.
    Gregory L. Schneider (1999). Cadres for Conservatism: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of the Contemporary Right. NYU Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8147-8108-1.
    Nicole Hoplin; Ron Robinson (6 June 2008). "Henry Regnery". Funding Fathers: The Unsung Heroes of the Conservative Movement. Regnery Publishing. pp. 35–56. ISBN 978-1-59698-582-7.
    "Henry Regnery, 84, Ground-Breaking Conservative Publisher". New York Times. Robert Mcg. Thomas Jr. 23 June 1996. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  115. ^ Michael Crane (2004). The Political Junkie Handbook. SP Books. p. 588. ISBN 978-1-56171-891-7.
    Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0.
    Lioll, Martin (4 April 2015). "VIDEO: 50 Years Ago, Paul Harvey Predicted America's Future… Here's His Chilling Warning". Conservative Tribune. Retrieved 27 May 2017. Radio legend Paul Harvey was known for his patriotism and his conservative politics, both of which ring just as true over 70 years after he first took to the microphone.
    "Paul Harvey". Biography. A&E Television Networks, LLC. 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017. American radio commentator Paul Harvey spent a long life delivering conservative broadcasts on current events, reaching, at his peak, 24 million people daily.
    Watson, Carlos (9 October 2014). "The Rest Of The Story: Paul Harvey, Conservative Talk Radio Pioneer". NPR. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  116. ^ Brian Regal (2005). Radio: The Life Story of a Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-313-33167-1.
    William Baker (13 October 2009). Endless Money: The Moral Hazards of Socialism. John Wiley & Sons. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-470-55800-3.
    Harris M. Lentz III (16 May 2014). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2013. McFarland. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4766-1652-0.
    Byers, Dylan (2 January 2014). "Conservative radio's Bob Grant dead at 84". Politico. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
    Griffith, Janelle (3 January 2017). "Bob Grant, father of conservative talk radio, dead at 84". Star-Ledger. Newark. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
    "Conservative Radio Host Bob Grant Dies at 84". Variety. Associated Press. 2 January 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  117. ^ Ellis Washington (9 May 2013). The Progressive Revolution: Liberal Fascism through the Ages, Vol. II: 2009 Writings. University Press of America. pp. 229–232. ISBN 978-0-7618-6112-6.
    William C. Berman (14 April 1998). America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Clinton. JHU Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8018-5872-7.
    Bruce Frohnen; Jeremy Beer; Nelson O. Jeffrey; Jacob Neusner (20 May 2014). "Safire, William (1929–)". American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 1046. ISBN 978-1-4976-5157-9.
  118. ^ Tasha S. Philpot (2 March 2017). Conservative but Not Republican. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-107-16438-3.
    Jeffrey M. Berry; Sarah Sobieraj (August 2016). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford University Press. pp. 53, 15. ISBN 978-0-19-049846-7.
    Hansch, Mark (10 November 2015). "Herman Cain: Liberals 'hate' black conservatives like Carson". The Hill. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
    Travis, Shannon (15 April 2013). "Cain: 'Don't call me a Republican'". CNN. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
    Hallowell, Billy (18 October 2011). "Herman Cain Remains Staunchly Conservative Despite His Church's Very Liberal Leanings". TheBlaze. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  119. ^ George Ritzer (2010). Globalization: A Basic Text. John Wiley & Sons. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4051-3271-8.
    Patricia Zavella (13 June 2011). I'm Neither Here Nor There: Mexicans' Quotidian Struggles with Migration and Poverty. Duke University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8223-5035-4.
    "Lou Dobbs". Biography. A&E Television Networks, LLC. 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
    Brian Stelter; Bill Carter (11 November 2009). "Lou Dobbs Abruptly Quits CNN". New York Times. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  120. ^ Michael K. Baranowski (19 July 2013). Navigating the News: A Political Media User's Guide: A Political Media User's Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4408-0322-2.
    Randy Bobbitt (25 May 2010). Us Against Them: The Political Culture of Talk Radio. Lexington Books. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-7391-2639-4.
    Nancy Beck Young; William D. Pederson; Byron W. Daynes (2001). Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shaping of American Political Culture. M.E. Sharpe. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7656-0621-1.
    Elizabeth Haas; Terry Christensen; Peter J. Haas (10 April 2015). Projecting Politics: Political Messages in American Films. Taylor & Francis. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-317-52002-3.
    Gold, Hadas (6 November 2016). "Michael Medved suffers for his anti-Trump stance". Politico. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  121. ^ a b Brian C. Anderson (5 February 2013). South Park Conservatives: The Revolt Against Liberal Media Bias. Regnery Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-62157-112-4.
  122. ^ Sara E. Karesh; Mitchell M. Hurvitz (2005). Encyclopedia of Judaism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 402–403. ISBN 978-0-8160-6982-8.
    Tim Brooks; Earle F. Marsh (24 June 2009). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-307-48320-1.
    Piasecki, Joe (15 December 2010). "Q & A: The eloquent conservative". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
    Hallowell, Billy (29 August 2012). "Radio Host Dennis Prager Has a New Online 'College' to Combat Liberal Bias and Teach Judeo-Christian Values". TheBlaze. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
    Ernst, Douglas (11 October 2016). "YouTube muzzles PragerU's conservative content, group 'no option but to go public'". The Washington Times. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
    Hsu, Alyssa (17 May 2017). "Bruin Republicans to continue to host potentially controversial speakers". Daily Bruin. University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  123. ^ Rutenberg, Jim. "Bill O’Reilly’s Ouster Will Test Loyalties of Fox Viewers." New York Times. 19 April 2017. 16 July 2018.
  124. ^ Ernest D. Giglio (2010). Here's Looking at You: Hollywood, Film & Politics. Peter Lang. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-4331-0644-6.
    Larry F. Sternberg (2006). Why Jews Should Not Be Liberals. Pelican Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4556-1421-9.
    Kirsten Powers (11 May 2015). The Silencing: How the Left is Killing Free Speech. Regnery Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-62157-391-3.
    Lamont, Michael (27 May 1995). "Conversation / Larry Elder : 'Racism Has Almost No Effect On How a Person Succeeds or Fails'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
    Haynes, V. Dion (30 November 1997). "Race Debate Swirls Around Conservative Black Radio Host". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
    Roe, Mike (3 December 2014). "Conservative talk show host Larry Elder fired by KABC". Southern California Public Radio. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
    Sabia, Carmine (14 June 2015). "Black conservative talk show host Larry Elder NAILS libs on NAACP fraud". BizPac Review. Palm Beach County. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  125. ^ Chait, Jonathan. "A Defector From Conservatism With a Clear Vision of Trump’s Rise." NYMag. 19 October 2018.
  126. ^ Richard Davis (2009). Typing Politics: The Role of Blogs in American Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-537375-2.
    Belson, Eve (November 1992). "Fifteen People Orange County Can't Ignore". Orange Coast Magazine. California: Emmis Communications. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
    Richardson, Valerie (25 June 2017). "Left erupts after liberal MSNBC debuts show starring conservative Hugh Hewitt". The Washington Times. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
    Cleary, Tom (16 September 2015). "Hugh Hewitt: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy. Heavy. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
    "Hugh Hewitt". Our Faculty. Chapman University. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  127. ^ Sheffield, Matthew. "Fox News Conservative Media ...." National Review. 4 August 2016. 21 May 2017.
  128. ^ "Conservative commentator Ann Coulter said Wednesday that her planned speech at the University of California at Berkeley this week was canceled amid mounting concerns about potentially violent protests." Svrluga, Susan, et al. "Ann Coulter speech at UC Berkeley canceled, again, amid fears for safety." Washington Post. 26 April 2017. 22 June 2018.
  129. ^ "New York Times bestselling author and conservative political commentator Ann Coulter's new book ..." "Ann Coulter: Conservative ...." ABC News. 7 June 2011. 22 June 2018.
  130. ^ Byers, Dylan (31 March 2015). "Laura Ingraham to launch news site". Politico. Arlington, Virginia: Robert L. Allbritton. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
    Brian Stelter; Dana Bash; Jim Acosta (16 November 2016). "Laura Ingraham considered for White House press secretary post". CNN. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
    Peters, Jeremy W. (11 June 2014). "Potent Voices of Conservative Media Propelled Cantor Opponent". New York Times. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  131. ^ a b Savransky, Rebecca (2017-04-27). "Trump met with Matt Drudge in Oval Office: report". TheHill. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  132. ^ Andrew Breitbart (15 April 2011). Righteous Indignation: Excuse Me While I Save the World. Grand Central Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-446-58266-7.
    Richard A. Viguerie; David Franke (2004). America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power. Bonus Books. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-56625-252-2.
    Stephen L. Vaughn; Jason F. Shepard (11 December 2007). "Drudge Report". Encyclopedia of American Journalism. Routledge. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-1-135-88020-0.
    Anthony Fellow (1 January 2012). American Media History. Cengage Learning. p. 373. ISBN 978-1-111-34812-0.
    Rodney P. Carlisle; Arthur Holst (17 March 2005). "Drudge, Matt (1966–)". Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. SAGE Publications. p. 618. ISBN 978-1-4522-6531-5.
  133. ^ Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0.
    Lee Banville (12 December 2016). Covering American Politics in the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia of News Media Titans, Trends, and Controversies [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 67–69. ISBN 978-1-4408-3553-7.
    Timothy Stanley (13 May 2014). Citizen Hollywood: How the Collaboration between LA and DC Revolutionized American Politics. St. Martin's Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-250-03250-8.
    Pearce, Matt (18 March 2016). "Andrew Breitbart warned conservatives about Trump, but he never saw this coming". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
    Dr. Anthony Bryson (19 April 2017). The Trump Card: The Long Game of Discrediting Mass Media & Influencing Elections. Bilateral Commission Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-5378-9913-8.
  134. ^ "The world's 50 most powerful blogs." The Guardian. 9 March 2008. 21 May 2017.
  135. ^ "BlogJam: Conservative-first Redstate". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  136. ^ Johnson, Andrew. "Dana Loesch Shares Why She Became a Conservative on The View." National Review. 3 February 2018. 12 July 2018.
  137. ^ a b c d e f g h Goldberg, Bernard. "Arrogance: Rescuing America from the Media Elite." Google Books. 17 May 2017.
  138. ^ a b c d e Chafuen, Alejandro. "The Most Influential Think Tanks In The United States: A New Social Media Ranking." Forbes. 16 December 2015. 21 May 2016.
  139. ^ Stager, Curt. "Sowing Climate Doubt Among Schoolteachers." New York Times. 27 April 2017. 13 July 2018.
  140. ^ Krugman, 165
  141. ^ Redburn, Tom. "Conservative Thinkers Are Insiders; It's Now Their City Hall, and Manhattan Institute Is Uneasy." New York Times. 1993. 13 July 2018.
  142. ^ a b c d Thomas R. Dye (23 October 2015). Who's Running America?: The Obama Reign. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-317-24906-1.
  143. ^ a b c d e Joel D. Aberbach; Gillian Peele (17 June 2011). Crisis of Conservatism?: The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, and American Politics After Bush. Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-983136-4.
  144. ^ Levinthal, Dave. "Why the Koch Brothers are ...." The Atlantic. 30 October 2015. 13 July 2018.
  145. ^ Horowitz, David and Jacob Laksin. "The New Leviathan: How the Left-Wing Money-Machine Shapes American Politics ...." Google Books. 12 July 2018.
  146. ^ Delevingne, Lawrence (8 November 2014). "Have Mercer! The money man who helped the GOP win". CNBC. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  147. ^ Miller, John J. (Fall 2001). "A Federalist Solution". Philanthropy. Philanthropy Roundtable. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  148. ^ a b David Horowitz; Jacob Laksin (12 June 2012). The New Leviathan: How the Left-Wing Money-Machine Shapes American Politics and Threatens America's Future. Crown Publishing Group. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-307-71647-7.
  149. ^ Gizzi, John (2009). "Alliance Defense Fund Promotes Religious Freedom". Human Events. 65 (28): 21.
  150. ^ "Alliance Defending Freedom." Southern Poverty Law Center. 13 July 2018.
  151. ^ Jr. Buckley (4 September 2017). American Conservative Thought in the Twentieth Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-351-53280-8.
  152. ^ "Finding Aid for the American Family Association Collection." The University of Mississippi Libraries. 1990–2005. 13 July 2018.
  153. ^ Chokshi, Niraj (July 8, 2014). "ALEC, the free-market group liberals love to hate, gets a new boss". The Washington Post.
  154. ^ Scola, Nancy. "Exposing ALEC: How Conservative-Backed State Laws Are All Connected." The Atlantic. 14 April 2012. 13 July 2018.
  155. ^ Douglas E. Schoen (16 April 2012). Hopelessly Divided: The New Crisis in American Politics and What it Means for 2012 and Beyond. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-4422-1525-2.
    Gold, Matea (6 October 2014). "Americans for Prosperity plows millions into building conservative ground force". Washington Post. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  156. ^ Burns, Alexander; Palmer, Anna (2014-04-07). "Inside the Club for Growth's art of war". Politico. p. 1. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  157. ^ "Concerned Women for America." Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 July 2018.
  158. ^ Nazzworth, Napp (31 January 2013). "'Obamacare' Birth Control Mandate Does Not Promote Women's Health, Conservative Women's Group Argues". The Christian Post. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  159. ^ David D. Kirkpatrick, "The 2004 Campaign: The Conservatives: Club of the Most Powerful Gathers in Strictest Privacy", New York Times, August 28, 2004
  160. ^ Michael C. LeMay (12 January 2018). Religious Freedom in America: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4408-5105-6.
    Benjamin T. Lynerd (1 August 2014). Republican Theology: The Civil Religion of American Evangelicals. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-939818-8.
  161. ^ "Family Research Council". Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  162. ^ Fletcher, Michael (July 29, 2005). "What the Federalist Society Stands For". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  163. ^ Zernike, Kate (September 12, 2010). "Tea Partiers Bring Cause to Washington". The New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  164. ^ Holley, Joe (February 21, 2007). "Rosalie Silberman; Created Independent Women's Forum". Washington Post. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  165. ^ "[L]eaders of the Wisconsin-based ultra-conservative John Birch Society ... claim they are still very much alive ... [and] still active." Collar, Jim. "Political climate puts John Birch Society back in focus." USA Today. 16 September 2016. 21 May 2017.
  166. ^ "Rating for Judicial Watch." Charity Navigator. 1 March 2018. 13 July 2018.
  167. ^ Feith, David (August 9, 2008). "How to Bring Innovative Ideas To a Machine-Politics State". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  168. ^ Edsall, Thomas B. "The Republican Party’s 50-State Solution." New York Times. 13 January 2016. 13 July 2018.
  169. ^ Bykowicz, Julie (2015-05-07). "This Boy Wonder Is Building the Conservative MoveOn.org in an Illinois Garage". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
  170. ^ Hamby, Peter. "Company men: The U.S. Chamber flexes its new political muscle." CNN. 13 July 2018.
  171. ^ a b c d e f g "Perspectives in Publications." City Colleges of Chicago. 17 May 2017.
  172. ^ Krugman, 119
  173. ^ "Bill O'Reilly joins Glenn Beck's weekly radio show at 'TheBlaze'". Brainerd Dispatch. Brainerd, Minnesota. Variety. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Bill O'Reilly is joining Glenn Beck's conservative news outlet TheBlaze for a weekly spot on Beck's radio show.
    https://deadline.com/2018/12/theblaze-crtv-merge-blaze-media-glenn-beck-mark-levin-1202512715/
    Sutton, Kelsey (1 July 2015). "Glenn Beck's TheBlaze downsizes in New York". Politico. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Over the past year, most of the New-York-based shows appearing on Beck's conservative television network, like "Real News" and "Liberty Treehouse", were shuttered.
  174. ^ "Breitbart News was always conservative." Borchers, Callum. "When Mitt Romney and Breitbart News were friends." Washington Post. 6 December 2017. 22 June 2018.
  175. ^ Ng, David (November 18, 2016). "Inside Breitbart's Westside L.A. headquarters, they've got plans for global expansion". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  176. ^ "Breitbart News was already contending with an exodus of advertisers. Now the public face of the conservative outlet is gone." Smith, Gerry. "Breitbart Rift With Bannon Gives Conservative Rivals an Opening." Bloomberg.com. 10 January 2018. 22 June 2018.
  177. ^ "President Donald Trump's growing feud with Steve Bannon is threatening the former White House strategist's leadership of the conservative Breitbart News website." Bykowicz, Julie, et al. "Breitbart Owners Debate Ousting Bannon Amid Trump Feud." The Wall Street Journal. 4 January 2018. 25 June 2018.
  178. ^ "Former White House political strategist Steve Bannon has stepped down from Breitbart News Network, a conservative website for which he had served as executive chairman." Gonzales, Richard. "Steve Bannon Out At Breitbart News." NPR. 9 January 2018. 25 June 2018.
  179. ^ Hafner, Katie (June 18, 1998). "New Conservative News Site Will Fill a Void, Founder Says". The New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  180. ^ a b Cohen, Patricia. "Conservative Magazines ...." New York Times. 12 June 2009. 17 May 2017.
  181. ^ Wilkie, Christina (11 January 2010). "The Daily Caller launches conservative answer to Huffington Post". The Hill. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Widely characterized as a conservative answer to Arianna Huffington's hugely successful, left-leaning Huffington Post, the Daily Caller combines aggregated news from across the web with original reporting, video clips, and guest contributors.
    Markay, Lachlan (8 January 2010). "Tucker Carlson Set to Launch 'Daily Caller' Journalism Site". NewsBusters. Media Research Center. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Designed as a conservative answer to the Huffington Post, the Daily Caller will do what few center-right blogs have attempted: report hard news.
    Stein, Ken (23 November 2016). "My Descent into the Right-Wing Media Vortex". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved 25 May 2017. The Daily Caller, the conservative Web site that Carlson himself co-founded and still runs, would later praise the show for its "epic ratings premiere," but Tucker Carlson Tonight wasn't doing it for me.
    Maeres, Joel (July–August 2011). "The Great Right Hype". Columbia Journalism Review. New York: Columbia University. Retrieved 25 May 2017. With its conservative tone and story list, The Daily Caller reads more like a twenty-sixth Fox News than New York's storied gray lady.
  182. ^ https://www.metrotimes.com/news-hits/archives/2020/10/29/conservative-detroit-news-cant-get-behind-trumps-re-election
  183. ^ Lee Banville (12 December 2016). Covering American Politics in the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia of News Media Titans, Trends, and Controversies [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 193–195. ISBN 978-1-4408-3553-7.
  184. ^ Tim Groseclose, PhD (19 July 2011). Left Turn: How Liberal Media Bias Distorts the American Mind. St. Martin's Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-4299-8746-2.
    Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0.
  185. ^ Flock, Elizabeth. "Sun Myung Moon's Death Leaves Conservative Newspaper at a Crossroads." U.S. News & World Report. 4 September 2012. 19 May 2017.
  186. ^ "USATODAY.com – Conservatives 'fed up' with protesters". usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  187. ^ Eric Alterman (17 December 2008). What Liberal Media?: The Truth about Bias and the News. Basic Books. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-7867-4093-2.
    Jonathan Miller (25 November 2014). The Compassionate Community: Ten Values to Unite America. St. Martin's Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-4668-8590-5.
    Jim A. Kuypers (21 November 2013). Partisan Journalism: A History of Media Bias in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-4422-2594-7.
  188. ^ Sherry R. Truffin (26 March 2009). Schoolhouse Gothic: Haunted Hallways and Predatory Pedagogues in Late Twentieth-Century American Literature and Scholarship. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4438-0663-3.
    David Sterritt (25 November 2014). The Cinema of Clint Eastwood: Chronicles of America. Columbia University Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-231-85071-1.
    Akin, Stephanie (13 February 2017). "The Other 'Steve' in the White House". Roll Call. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 25 May 2017. After the 9/11 attacks, he went on a crusade against what he later described on the conservative website FrontPage Magazine as "anti-Americanism [that] had spread over the school like a rash."
  189. ^ https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/politics/2020/10/26/conservative-nh-newspaper-endorses-biden
  190. ^ "Google to Co-Host This Event With Conservative News Site Newsmax." Fortune. 11 October 2017. 13 July 2018.
  191. ^ "Bill O'Reilly: Conservative News Outlets likely to Pounce Post Fox News Ouster". Variety. April 19, 2017.
  192. ^ Linda Kintz; Julia Lesage (1998). Media, Culture, and the Religious Right. U of Minnesota Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-8166-3085-1.
    Robert Gregg; Gary W. McDonogh; Cindy H. Wong (10 November 2005). Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture. Routledge. p. 1645. ISBN 978-1-134-71928-0.
    Lee Edwards (23 July 1999). The Conservative Revolution: The Movement that Remade America. Simon and Schuster. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-684-84421-3.
  193. ^ Stelter, Brian. "'Mass firing' at conservative site RedState." CNN. 27 April 2018. 13 July 2018.
  194. ^ Neary, Lynn (12 April 2017). "Trump's Win Changed The Game For Publishers On The Left And The Right". All Things Considered. PBS. Retrieved 26 May 2017. Regnery books — which marks its 70th anniversary this year — is the grand old dame of conservative publishing.
    Milliot, Jim (17 March 2017). "Regnery Publishing: More Than Just Politics". Publishers Weekly. PWxyz, LLC. Retrieved 26 May 2017. As a publisher of conservative books, Regnery faced the prospect of its readership losing some interest in its titles now that Republicans are back in power.
    Edwards, Lee; Edwards, Anne (13 April 2015). "How Publishers (and Readers) Learned to Love Conservative Books". The Daily Signal. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  195. ^ Schukar, Alyssa (2017-09-14). "How a Conservative TV Giant is Ridding Itself of Regulation". New York Times.
  196. ^ Lee Banville (12 December 2016). Covering American Politics in the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia of News Media Titans, Trends, and Controversies [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 633–636. ISBN 978-1-4408-3553-7.
    Harley Hahn (2000). Harley Hahn's Internet & Web Yellow Pages. Osborne/McGraw-Hill. p. 643. ISBN 978-0-07-212170-4.
  197. ^ Adams, Becket (9 June 2015). "For the New York Times, a headache called the Washington Free Beacon". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
    Weigel, David (1 December 2014). "The Torch Is Being Passed to A New Generation of Right-Wing Media". Bloomberg. New York City. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
    Byers, Dylan (8 June 2015). "The N.Y. Times vs. Washington Free Beacon". Politico. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
    Beaujon, Andrew (6 August 2015). "The Problem With the Mainstream Media: It's Not More Like the Washington Free Beacon". Washingtonian. Washington, D.C.: Washingtonian Media Inc. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  198. ^ Burns, John F. (2009-05-05). "Britain Identifies 16 Barred From Entering U.K." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  199. ^ Kathleen Odell Korgen; Jonathan M. White (1 August 2008). The Engaged Sociologist: Connecting the Classroom to the Community. Pine Forge Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4129-6900-0.
    Kevin C. Pyle; Scott Cunningham (7 January 2014). Bad for You: Exposing the War on Fun!. Henry Holt and Company (BYR). pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-8050-9289-9.
    Daryl Johnson (2012). Right Wing Resurgence: How a Domestic Terrorist Threat is Being Ignored. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4422-1896-3.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_conservatives&oldid=1023091450"