Tracheid: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Tracheid of oak (from Marshall Ward).png|thumb|150px|Tracheid of [[oak]] shows [[Glossary of botanical terms#pit|pits]] along the walls. It is longer than a [[vessel element]] and has no [[Glossary of botanical terms#perforation plate|perforation plates]].]] |
[[File:Tracheid of oak (from Marshall Ward).png|thumb|150px|Tracheid of [[oak]] shows [[Glossary of botanical terms#pit|pits]] along the walls. It is longer than a [[vessel element]] and has no [[Glossary of botanical terms#perforation plate|perforation plates]].]] |
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Tracheid is a long, [[lignin]] cell in the [[xylem]] of [[tracheophyta]]. Tracheid first named after the German botanist Carl Gustav Sanio in 1863. Used from [[deutsch]] Tracheide <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Elementarorgane des Holzkörpers |last=Sanio |first=C. |journal=Bot. Zeitung |year=1863 |volume=21 |pages=85–91; 93–98; 101–111 |issn=2509-5420}}</ref>. There are often [[Pit (botany)|pit]] (also known as pupils or guide holes) or decoratives on the [[cell walls]] of tube cells. When mature, it do not have [[protoplast]]. The main functions are to [[Transpiration|transport water and inorganic salts]], and to provide structural support for trees. In addition to [[angiosperms]], there is another water transport structure called [[vessel element]] in the xylem , which is smaller than a catheter and does not have a perforation plate; most [[polypodiopsida]] are no catheter in the lignin of [[gymnospermae]], only the pipe cells are responsible for the transportation of water. The [[wood]] ([[softwood]]) of gymnospermae such as pines and gymnospermae is mainly composed of tracheid. |
'''Tracheid''' is a long, [[lignin]] cell in the [[xylem]] of [[tracheophyta]]. Tracheid first named after the German botanist Carl Gustav Sanio in 1863. Used from [[deutsch]] Tracheide <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Elementarorgane des Holzkörpers |last=Sanio |first=C. |journal=Bot. Zeitung |year=1863 |volume=21 |pages=85–91; 93–98; 101–111 |issn=2509-5420}}</ref>. There are often [[Pit (botany)|pit]] (also known as pupils or guide holes) or decoratives on the [[cell walls]] of tube cells. When mature, it do not have [[protoplast]]. The main functions are to [[Transpiration|transport water and inorganic salts]], and to provide structural support for trees. In addition to [[angiosperms]], there is another water transport structure called [[vessel element]] in the xylem , which is smaller than a catheter and does not have a perforation plate; most [[polypodiopsida]] are no catheter in the lignin of [[gymnospermae]], only the pipe cells are responsible for the transportation of water. The [[wood]] ([[softwood]]) of gymnospermae such as pines and gymnospermae is mainly composed of tracheid. |
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Tracheid may be a single source structure in [[evolution]]. The [[fossil]] record shows that the tube cells of early plants were S-type, G-type and P-type. The first two of them were lignified and had holes to facilitate the transportation of water between cells. The latter had wall holes similar to the existing plant tubes, and later more complex wall holes appeared, such as bordered pits on many tracheid, which allowed plants to transport water between tubes while reducing the risk of [[embolization]] transmission between tubes. |
Tracheid may be a single source structure in [[evolution]]. The [[fossil]] record shows that the tube cells of early plants were S-type, G-type and P-type. The first two of them were lignified and had holes to facilitate the transportation of water between cells. The latter had wall holes similar to the existing plant tubes, and later more complex wall holes appeared, such as bordered pits on many tracheid, which allowed plants to transport water between tubes while reducing the risk of [[embolization]] transmission between tubes. |
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Revision as of 13:38, 24 May 2021
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Tracheid is a long, lignin cell in the xylem of tracheophyta. Tracheid first named after the German botanist Carl Gustav Sanio in 1863. Used from deutsch Tracheide [1]. There are often pit (also known as pupils or guide holes) or decoratives on the cell walls of tube cells. When mature, it do not have protoplast. The main functions are to transport water and inorganic salts, and to provide structural support for trees. In addition to angiosperms, there is another water transport structure called vessel element in the xylem , which is smaller than a catheter and does not have a perforation plate; most polypodiopsida are no catheter in the lignin of gymnospermae, only the pipe cells are responsible for the transportation of water. The wood (softwood) of gymnospermae such as pines and gymnospermae is mainly composed of tracheid.
Tracheid may be a single source structure in evolution. The fossil record shows that the tube cells of early plants were S-type, G-type and P-type. The first two of them were lignified and had holes to facilitate the transportation of water between cells. The latter had wall holes similar to the existing plant tubes, and later more complex wall holes appeared, such as bordered pits on many tracheid, which allowed plants to transport water between tubes while reducing the risk of embolization transmission between tubes.
References
Further reading
- Wilson, K.; White, D. J. B. (1986). The Anatomy of Wood: Its Diversity and Variability. London: Stobart & Son Ltd. ISBN 0-85442-033-9.
External links
- Pictures of softwood tracheids in cross section and in maceration; both in pine.
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