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== Rescue operations ==
== Rescue operations ==
On 21 May 2021, Sri Lankan Navy deployed two [[offshore patrol vessel]]s, naval ships such as {{Ship|SLNS|Sagara||2}} and {{Ship|SLNS|Sindurala||2}} along with an aircraft in firefighting rescue operations which went in full swing despite inclement weather conditions surrounding the area.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2021|title='X-PRESS PEARL' fire continues; SLN & SLPA engaged in containment efforts|url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/05/22/x-press-pearl-fire-continues-sln-slpa-engaged-in-containment-efforts/|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst|language=en}}</ref> It was revealed that the fire has been brought under control on 21 May and the cooling efforts were continued to prevent the fire from flaring up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fire aboard MV X-Press Pearl contained, cooling efforts continue {{!}} Daily FT|url=http://www.ft.lk/front-page/Fire-aboard-MV-X-Press-Pearl--contained--cooling-efforts-continue/44-718276|access-date=22 May 2021|website=www.ft.lk|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='MV X-Press Pearl' container ship fire, controlled|url=https://www.hirunews.lk/english/272015/mv-x-press-pearl-container-ship-fire-controlled|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Hiru News|language=en}}</ref> On 22 May, the [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] deployed a [[Bell 212]] helicopter in the rescue operations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=X-PRESS PEARL: Air Force join efforts to douse the fire (Photos)|url=https://www.hirunews.lk/english/272064/x-press-pearl-air-force-join-efforts-to-douse-the-fire-photos|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Hiru News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2021|title=(PICTURES) Sri Lanka Air Force deploys Bell 212 to assist to douse fire aboard 'X-Press Pearl'|url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/05/22/pictures-sri-lanka-air-force-deploys-bell-212-to-assist-to-douse-fire-aboard-x-press-pearl/|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst|language=en}}</ref> Out of the 25 evacuated crew, two were in the hospital; one tested positive for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian crew member rescued from blazing ship tests positive for COVID-19 |url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/05/26/indian-crew-member-rescued-from-blazing-ship-tests-positive-for-covid-19/ |access-date=29 May 2021 |publisher=Newsfirst.com |date=26 May 2021}}</ref>
On 21 May 2021, Sri Lankan Navy deployed two [[offshore patrol vessel]]s, naval ships such as {{Ship|SLNS|Sagara||2}} and {{Ship|SLNS|Sindurala||2}} along with an aircraft in firefighting rescue operations which went in full swing despite inclement weather conditions surrounding the area.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2021|title='X-PRESS PEARL' fire continues; SLN & SLPA engaged in containment efforts|url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/05/22/x-press-pearl-fire-continues-sln-slpa-engaged-in-containment-efforts/|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst|language=en}}</ref> It was revealed that the fire had been brought under control on 21 May and the cooling efforts were continued to prevent the fire from flaring up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fire aboard MV X-Press Pearl contained, cooling efforts continue {{!}} Daily FT|url=http://www.ft.lk/front-page/Fire-aboard-MV-X-Press-Pearl--contained--cooling-efforts-continue/44-718276|access-date=22 May 2021|website=www.ft.lk|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='MV X-Press Pearl' container ship fire, controlled|url=https://www.hirunews.lk/english/272015/mv-x-press-pearl-container-ship-fire-controlled|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Hiru News|language=en}}</ref> On 22 May, the [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] deployed a [[Bell 212]] helicopter in the rescue operations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=X-PRESS PEARL: Air Force join efforts to douse the fire (Photos)|url=https://www.hirunews.lk/english/272064/x-press-pearl-air-force-join-efforts-to-douse-the-fire-photos|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Hiru News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2021|title=(PICTURES) Sri Lanka Air Force deploys Bell 212 to assist to douse fire aboard 'X-Press Pearl'|url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/05/22/pictures-sri-lanka-air-force-deploys-bell-212-to-assist-to-douse-fire-aboard-x-press-pearl/|access-date=22 May 2021|website=Sri Lanka News – Newsfirst|language=en}}</ref> Out of the 25 evacuated crew, two were in the hospital; one tested positive for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian crew member rescued from blazing ship tests positive for COVID-19 |url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2021/05/26/indian-crew-member-rescued-from-blazing-ship-tests-positive-for-covid-19/ |access-date=29 May 2021 |publisher=Newsfirst.com |date=26 May 2021}}</ref>


On 2 June 2021, X-Press Feeders issued a statement saying the company "regret[s] to report that despite salvors successfully boarding the vessel and attaching a tow wire, efforts to move the ship to deeper waters have failed."<ref name=":0" />
On 2 June 2021, X-Press Feeders issued a statement saying the company "regret[s] to report that despite salvors successfully boarding the vessel and attaching a tow wire, efforts to move the ship to deeper waters have failed."<ref name=":0" />

Revision as of 05:29, 4 June 2021

Cargo ship at sea with brownish fumes coming from a container amidships
20 May 2021, showing fumes from leaking nitric acid
History
Singapore
NameX-Press Pearl
OperatorX-Press Feeders
Port of registrySingapore
BuilderZhoushan Changhong International Shipyard (CHB084)
Completed10 February 2021
Out of service27 May 2021
Identification
FateSank
General characteristics
Class and typeSuper Eco 2700
TypeContainer ship
Tonnage37,000 DWT
Length186.0 m (610 ft 3 in)
Beam34.0 m (111 ft 7 in)
Capacity2,700 TEUs

X-Press Pearl was a Singaporean Super Eco 2700-class container ship. The vessel was built in February 2021 and was around 186 metres (610 ft 3 in) long.[1] It was operated by X-Press Feeders.

On 20 May 2021, X-Press Pearl caught fire off the coast of Colombo, Sri Lanka.[2] The vessel was engulfed in flames by 27 May and declared a total loss. It was still afloat, and the fire was thought to be under control by Sri Lankan firefighters by the late hours of 27 May 2021.[3] After burning for 12 days, the vessel sank on 2 June as it was being towed away to deeper waters.[4][5] The incident was deemed the worst marine ecological disaster in Sri Lankan history[6][7] due to the oil and chemical products on board.

Construction and operational history

X-Press Pearl was built by Zhoushan Changhong International Shipyard Co. Ltd of China for Singapore-based X-Press Feeders, along with its sister ship X-Press Mekong.[8][9] The 37,000-deadweight tonne (DWT) container vessel could carry 2,743 twenty-foot equivalent units. The ship was delivered on 10 February 2021.[10][11]

The vessel was deployed on the Straits to Middle East service (SMX) of X-Press Feeders from Port Klang (Malaysia) via Singapore and Jebel Ali (UAE) to Port Hamad (Qatar). The return journey was via Hazira (India) and Colombo (Sri Lanka) back to Malaysia. The vessel had made three voyages, calling at Colombo on 17 March and 18 April, and caught fire shortly after its third call at the port on 19 May.[12]

Fire

The ship departed the port of Hazira, India, on 15 May 2021.[1][13] The container vessel, which carried 1,486 containers, with contents including 25 tons of nitric acid, other chemicals, cosmetics and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets, arrived in Colombo on 19 May.[13][14][15] The ship was on the return leg of a 30-day round-trip voyage from Port Klang, Malaysia, to Qatar and Dubai.[16]

It was reported that the container ship was denied entry in the Hamad Port of Qatar and in Hazira Port of India before entering the Colombo Port in Sri Lanka.[17][18] The operators of X-Press Pearl rebuffed the reports regarding the denial of entry of the container ship in the ports of Qatar and India.[19] X-Press Feeders, the owners of the vessel, said the crew had discovered a container leaking nitric acid and requested Hamad Port in Qatar and Hazira to offload it. The request was denied as "there were no specialist facilities or expertise immediately available to deal with the leaking acid," and the vessel proceeded on its planned journey to Colombo.[20][21]

The ship reached Colombo on the night of 19 May and was anchored in the outer harbor awaiting a berth. The ship did not declare an emergency or the cargo acid leak. On 20 May the ship's agents requested a re-working of the container. Harbour Master Nirmal de Silva said as a maritime hub, Colombo had the expertise to help. The vessel then issued its first report of a fire, which the crew had put out using its on-board system.[22]

It was reported that the ship caught fire on 20 May, 9.5 nautical miles (17.6 km; 10.9 mi) northwest of the Colombo Port.[23] The Sri Lanka Navy, along with the Sri Lanka Ports Authority, which got aboard the ship in order to find out the cause of fire, suspected that the fire might have started as a result of the reaction of chemicals being transported on the ship.[24] During the fire incident, the vessel had a crew of 25 members on board.[25]

Though initial reports linked the incident to leaking acid, Harbor Master De Silva said the fire had broken out in the number 2 hold of X-Press Pearl while the container was stacked on deck. A fuller investigation was needed to determine the cause, he said.[26]

On 25 May, a large explosion took place inside the vessel and all 25 crew members were evacuated safely from the vessel.[27][28] Two Indian crew members who sustained injuries during the explosion were admitted to the Colombo National Hospital.[29][30]

The fire continued to blaze during 25 May, and by late afternoon containers were dropping off the vessel into the sea. The Sri Lanka Maritime Environmental Protection Authority (MEPA) declared a Tier II oil spill event from on-board bunkers as the blaze got worse.[31] India dispatched firefighting and pollution control Coast Guard vessels, a tug and a Dornier maritime reconnaissance aircraft to help containment measures, and fishermen were asked to stay clear of the ship.[32][33]

Chairperson of MEPA Dharshani Lahandapura said on 26 May that 378 tonnes of oil were on board the vessel and about half could leak into the sea after the fire ended. Bad weather prevented the deployment of oil-containment booms around the ship, but authorities were ready to clean up any oil that reached the shore.[34] By morning, burnt debris and some fallen cargo were washing up on Sri Lanka's Negombo coast.[35] On 29 May, X-Press Pearl was still smouldering and belching smoke, though flames were down. Hull integrity was still intact. Firefighting tugs continued to pour water on the ship. The Sri Lanka Air Force dropped dry chemical powder. The Indian Coast Guard vessel ICG Samudra Prahari, a pollution control ship, joined the task force.[36] By the morning of 30 May, the fire was mostly out and water was still being sprayed. X-Press Feeders said salvors were looking at boarding the vessel to set up a tow connection.[12] Salvors boarded the vessel on 1 June for the first inspection.[37] Salvors found the engine room flooded and smoke still coming out from cargo hold 1, 2 and 3 intermittently.[38]

Rescue operations

On 21 May 2021, Sri Lankan Navy deployed two offshore patrol vessels, naval ships such as Sagara and Sindurala along with an aircraft in firefighting rescue operations which went in full swing despite inclement weather conditions surrounding the area.[39] It was revealed that the fire had been brought under control on 21 May and the cooling efforts were continued to prevent the fire from flaring up.[40][41] On 22 May, the Sri Lanka Air Force deployed a Bell 212 helicopter in the rescue operations.[42][43] Out of the 25 evacuated crew, two were in the hospital; one tested positive for COVID-19.[44]

On 2 June 2021, X-Press Feeders issued a statement saying the company "regret[s] to report that despite salvors successfully boarding the vessel and attaching a tow wire, efforts to move the ship to deeper waters have failed."[45]

Environmental damage

Sri Lanka's Marine Environmental Protection Authority (MEPA) said it was assessing the environmental damage and collecting evidence. Plans were made to submit an interim claim.[46] Plastic resin pellet pollution from spilled cargo was washing up on Sri Lanka's beaches from 27 May. LDPE pellets have also been washed onto nearby land.[14] According to MEPA, there were three containers of plastic pellets on board the ship, each weighing 26,000 kg.[47]

NPR's Laurel Wamsley described the incident as an environmental disaster in June 2021.[45]

Health experts and Environment Protection Authority also warned that there are possibilities for mild acid rains in Sri Lanka due to the emission of nitrogen dioxide.[48] Sri Lanka authorities banned coastal fishing from Kalutara to Negombo, over contamination fears. About 5,600 one-day boats were unable to venture out and the government promised compensation.[49] People were also urged by the Marine Environmental Protection Authority to not touch any debris of the container ship which are contaminated with toxic substances.[50][51]

MEPA said it had started collecting evidence to submit an interim compensation claim for the environmental damage caused by the ship. A police complaint was made to investigate negligence. It was also assembling an expert panel to assess longer term environmental damage. Dead fish and turtles continued to wash up on Sri Lanka's beaches and are being examined to determine if it is linked to the spill.[12] Out of the 1486 containers, 81 of those were regarded as toxic harmful dangerous containers inclusive of 5 tons of nitric acid.[52]

In June 2021, it was reported that the container ship had been submerged into the sea which would trigger adverse effects to the marine species.[53] On 2 June, salvors set up a line towing X-Press Pearl away from the coast when the stern hit bottom forcing them to abort the operation. Sri Lanka Navy Captain Indika de Silva said it was not clear whether there was any un-burnt bunkers left on the vessel but authorities were on the watch for an oil spill.[54]

Sri Lanka has ordered salvors to remove bunker oil, if any had survived the blaze and take containment measures. X-Press Feeders said it had hired Oil Spill Response Limited to support the effort. The operators had engaged SMIT Salvage when the crisis first started. By 3 June, the vessel was still partially afloat, with the aft section resting on the bottom 21 metres (69 ft) below. [55][56]

Investigations

Investigations into the fire on board the container ship were initiated on 30 May.[57] C. D. Wickramaratne, Inspector General of Police, instructed the police to hand over the investigations to Sri Lanka's Criminal Investigation Department,[58] with authorities warning of possible legal action against X-Press Feeders, the vessel's owners.[59] On 31 May, a police spokesman revealed that a ten-member police special team had recorded statements from both the captain, chief engineer and vice engineer of X-Press Pearl.[60][61]

Economic impact

Local fisherman in Sri Lanka have been ordered to stay ashore because of the pollution and may effect local economies. Denzil Fernando, a regional fishing union chief stated that the fishing ban will affect 4,300 families.[62] Rob Hawes, head of marine at loss adjuster Crawford & Co. estimated that the cargo loss of the X-Press Pearl could range between $30 - $50 million in addition to the loss of the vessel.[63]

References

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