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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name = Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni <br/> {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|عبد القادر الحسيني}}}}
|name = Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni<br/>{{Nobold|{{lang|ar|عبد القادر الحسيني}}}}
|image = Husayni.jpg
|image = Husayni.jpg
|caption = Portrait
|caption = Portrait
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|birth_place = [[Jerusalem]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|birth_place = [[Jerusalem]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|death_place = [[Al Qastal, Palestine|al-Qastal]], [[Mandatory Palestine|British Palestine]]
|death_place = [[Al Qastal, Palestine|al-Qastal]], [[Mandatory Palestine|British Palestine]]
|nickname=
|nickname =
|allegiance = Palestine's Arab irregular forces
|allegiance = Palestine's Arab irregular forces
|branch = [[Army of the Holy War]]
|branch = [[Army of the Holy War]]
|serviceyears= 1936–1948
|serviceyears= 1936–1948
|rank=
|rank =
|unit=
|unit =
|commands=
|commands =
|battles = [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine]] <br/> [[1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]]
|battles = [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine]] <br/> [[1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]]
|awards=
|awards =
|relations= [[Musa al-Husayni]] (father)<br/> [[Faisal Husseini]] (son)
|relations = [[Musa al-Husayni]] (father)<br/>[[Faisal Husseini]] (son)
|laterwork=
|laterwork =
}}
}}


'''Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni''' ({{lang-ar|عبد القادر الحسيني}}), also spelled '''Abd al-Qader al-Husseini''' (1907 – 8 April 1948) was a [[Palestinian nationalism|Palestinian Arab nationalist]] and fighter who in late 1933 founded the secret militant group known as the Organization for Holy Struggle (''Munathamat al-Jihad al-Muqaddas''),<ref>Swedenburg, 1999, p. 150</ref><ref>Sayigh, 2000, p. 35</ref> which he and [[Hasan Salama]] commanded as the [[Army of the Holy War]] (''Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas'') during the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936–39 Arab revolt]] and during the [[1948 Palestine war|1948 war]].
'''Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni''' ({{lang-ar|عبد القادر الحسيني}}), also spelled '''Abd al-Qader al-Husseini''' (1907 – 8 April 1948) was a [[Palestinian nationalism|Palestinian Arab nationalist]] and fighter who in late 1933 founded the secret militant group known as the Organization for Holy Struggle (''Munathamat al-Jihad al-Muqaddas''),<ref>Swedenburg, 1999, p. 150</ref><ref>Sayigh, 2000, p. 35</ref> which he and [[Hasan Salama]] commanded as the [[Army of the Holy War]] (''Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas'') during the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936–1939 Arab revolt]] and during the [[1948 Palestine war|1948 war]].


==Family and early nationalist career==
==Family and early nationalist career==
[[Image:Abdul Khader Wedding.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Abd al-Qadir's wedding photograph, 1934]]
[[Image:Abdul Khader Wedding.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Abd al-Qadir's wedding, 1934]]
Husayni was born to the influential [[al-Husayni]] family of [[Jerusalem]], son of [[Musa al-Husayni]]. He graduated in chemistry at the [[American University in Cairo]] and organized the [[Congress of Educated Muslims]].
Husayni was born to the influential [[al-Husayni]] family of [[Jerusalem]], son of [[Musa al-Husayni]]. He graduated in chemistry at the [[American University in Cairo]] and organized the [[Congress of Educated Muslims]].


Initially, he took a post in the settlement department of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]] government but eventually moved to the [[Hebron]] area during the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine]] to lead the struggle against the British. A member of the [[Palestine Arab Party]], he served as its secretary-general and became editor-in-chief of the party's paper ''Al-Liwa’''<ref>Levenberg, 1993, p. 6.</ref> and other newspapers, including ''Al-Jami’a Al-Islamiyya''.
Initially, he took a post in the settlement department of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]] government but eventually moved to the [[Hebron]] area during the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine]] to lead the struggle against the British. A member of the [[Palestine Arab Party]], he served as its secretary-general and became editor-in-chief of the party's paper ''Al-Liwa{{'}}''<ref>Levenberg, 1993, p. 6.</ref> and other newspapers, including ''Al-Jami'a Al-Islamiyya''.


Abd al-Qadir married in 1934 and fathered [[Faisal Husseini|Faisal al-Husayni]] (17 July 1940 – 31 May 2001), the founder and leader of [[Arab Studies Society]], head of [[Fatah]] organization in the [[West Bank]] and [[Palestinian Authority]] Minister for Jerusalem Affairs.
Abd al-Qadir married in 1934 and fathered [[Faisal Husseini|Faisal al-Husayni]] (17 July 1940 – 31 May 2001), the founder and leader of [[Arab Studies Society]], head of [[Fatah]] organization in the [[West Bank]] and [[Palestinian Authority]] Minister for Jerusalem Affairs.


==Battle of al-Qastal==
==Battle of al-Qastal==
In 1938, Husayni was exiled and in 1939 fled to [[Iraq]] where he took part in the [[Iraq coup (1941)|Rashid Ali al-Gaylani coup]]. He moved to [[Egypt]] in 1946, but secretly returned to Palestine to lead the Army of the Holy War in January 1948. Husayni was killed while personally reconnoitring an area of [[Al-Qastal|Qastal Hill]] shrouded by fog, in the early hours of 8 April 1948.<ref>Morris, 2008, p.123.</ref> His forces later captured al-Qastal from the [[Haganah]], which had occupied the village at the start of [[Operation Nachshon]] six days earlier with a force of about 100 men.<ref>Morris, 2003, p. 234.</ref> They retreated to the Jewish settlement of [[Motza]].<ref>Dana Adams Schmidt, 'Arabs Win Kastel But Chief is Slain', ''[[The New York Times]]'', 9 April 1948, p. 8 (A brief biography and account of the battle).</ref> [[Palmach]] troops recaptured the village on the night of 8–9 April, losing 18 men in the attack;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?itemId=8519&levelId=42855&itemType=0 |title=דף הבית |access-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601071247/http://www.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?itemId=8519&levelId=42855&itemType=0 |archive-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> most of the houses were blown up and the hill became a command post.<ref>Benveniśtî, 2002, p.111.</ref><ref>Morris, 2003, p. 235.</ref> Huseyni's death was a factor in the loss of morale among his forces.<ref>Time Magazine, ''War for Jerusalem Road''</ref>
In 1938, Husayni was exiled and in 1939 fled to [[Iraq]] where he took part in the [[Iraq coup (1941)|Rashid Ali al-Gaylani coup]]. He moved to [[Egypt]] in 1946, but secretly returned to Palestine to lead the Army of the Holy War in January 1948. Husayni was killed while personally reconnoitring an area of [[Al-Qastal|Qastal Hill]] shrouded by fog, in the early hours of 8 April 1948.<ref>Morris, 2008, p.123.</ref> His forces later captured al-Qastal from the [[Haganah]], which had occupied the village at the start of [[Operation Nachshon]] six days earlier with a force of about 100 men.<ref>Morris, 2003, p. 234.</ref> They retreated to the Jewish settlement of [[Motza]].<ref>Dana Adams Schmidt, "Arabs Win Kastel But Chief is Slain", ''[[The New York Times]]'', 9 April 1948, p. 8 (A brief biography and account of the battle).</ref> [[Palmach]] troops recaptured the village on the night of 8–9 April, losing 18 men in the attack;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?itemId=8519&levelId=42855&itemType=0 |title=דף הבית |access-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601071247/http://www.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?itemId=8519&levelId=42855&itemType=0 |archive-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> most of the houses were blown up and the hill became a command post.<ref>Benveniśtî, 2002, p.111.</ref><ref>Morris, 2003, p. 235.</ref> Huseyni's death was a factor in the loss of morale among his forces.<ref>''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', "War for Jerusalem Road"</ref>
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Abdul Qader al Husseini.jpg|Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his troops prior to the January 1948 attack on [[Kfar Etzion]]. Photograph taken by a Palmach spy
File:Abdul Qader al Husseini.jpg|Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his troops prior to the January 1948 attack on [[Kfar Etzion]]. Photograph taken by a Palmach spy
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*Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni's Koran http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3406966,00.html
*Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni's Koran http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3406966,00.html
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090821000837/http://palestinechronicle.com/view_article_details.php?id=13700 Biography by Hasan Afif El-Hasan]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090821000837/http://palestinechronicle.com/view_article_details.php?id=13700 Biography by Hasan Afif El-Hasan]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798381,00.html|title=War for Jerusalem Road.|work=[[Time Magazine]]|date=19 April 1948|access-date=31 October 2009}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798381,00.html|title=War for Jerusalem Road|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=19 April 1948|access-date=31 October 2009}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Husayni, Abd Al-Qadir Al-}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Husayni, Abd Al-Qadir Al-}}

Revision as of 02:56, 7 June 2021

Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
عبد القادر الحسيني
Portrait
Birth nameAbd al-Qadir al-Husayni
Born1907 (1907)
Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire
Died8 April 1948(1948-04-08) (aged 40–41)
al-Qastal, British Palestine
AllegiancePalestine's Arab irregular forces
Service / branchArmy of the Holy War
Years of service1936–1948
Battles / wars1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
RelationsMusa al-Husayni (father)
Faisal Husseini (son)

Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni (Template:Lang-ar), also spelled Abd al-Qader al-Husseini (1907 – 8 April 1948) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and fighter who in late 1933 founded the secret militant group known as the Organization for Holy Struggle (Munathamat al-Jihad al-Muqaddas),[1][2] which he and Hasan Salama commanded as the Army of the Holy War (Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas) during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt and during the 1948 war.

Family and early nationalist career

Abd al-Qadir's wedding, 1934

Husayni was born to the influential al-Husayni family of Jerusalem, son of Musa al-Husayni. He graduated in chemistry at the American University in Cairo and organized the Congress of Educated Muslims.

Initially, he took a post in the settlement department of the British Mandate government but eventually moved to the Hebron area during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine to lead the struggle against the British. A member of the Palestine Arab Party, he served as its secretary-general and became editor-in-chief of the party's paper Al-Liwa'[3] and other newspapers, including Al-Jami'a Al-Islamiyya.

Abd al-Qadir married in 1934 and fathered Faisal al-Husayni (17 July 1940 – 31 May 2001), the founder and leader of Arab Studies Society, head of Fatah organization in the West Bank and Palestinian Authority Minister for Jerusalem Affairs.

Battle of al-Qastal

In 1938, Husayni was exiled and in 1939 fled to Iraq where he took part in the Rashid Ali al-Gaylani coup. He moved to Egypt in 1946, but secretly returned to Palestine to lead the Army of the Holy War in January 1948. Husayni was killed while personally reconnoitring an area of Qastal Hill shrouded by fog, in the early hours of 8 April 1948.[4] His forces later captured al-Qastal from the Haganah, which had occupied the village at the start of Operation Nachshon six days earlier with a force of about 100 men.[5] They retreated to the Jewish settlement of Motza.[6] Palmach troops recaptured the village on the night of 8–9 April, losing 18 men in the attack;[7] most of the houses were blown up and the hill became a command post.[8][9] Huseyni's death was a factor in the loss of morale among his forces.[10]

  • Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his troops prior to the January 1948 attack on Kfar Etzion. Photograph taken by a Palmach spy
    Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his troops prior to the January 1948 attack on Kfar Etzion. Photograph taken by a Palmach spy
  • Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his officers on the day he was killed
    Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his officers on the day he was killed
  • Mourners at Huseyni's funeral gather near Sheikh Jarrah
    Mourners at Huseyni's funeral gather near Sheikh Jarrah

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Swedenburg, 1999, p. 150
  2. ^ Sayigh, 2000, p. 35
  3. ^ Levenberg, 1993, p. 6.
  4. ^ Morris, 2008, p.123.
  5. ^ Morris, 2003, p. 234.
  6. ^ Dana Adams Schmidt, "Arabs Win Kastel But Chief is Slain", The New York Times, 9 April 1948, p. 8 (A brief biography and account of the battle).
  7. ^ "דף הבית". Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  8. ^ Benveniśtî, 2002, p.111.
  9. ^ Morris, 2003, p. 235.
  10. ^ Time, "War for Jerusalem Road"

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Al-Kadir al-Husayni.
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