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Bowden is an historic estate in Ashprington parish near Totnes in Devon, England. The present structure, known as "Bowden House," is a grade I listed building and, having been modified over many centuries, is composed of a mélange of styles with English Baroque and Tudor predominating.^[1]

Listing description

Bowden House was given a grade 1 listing in 1952, making it one of fewer than 10,000 such buildings in the UK, recognizing it as being of exceptional interest and national importance. The Register of Listed Buildings describes it, in part, as follows:

BOWDEN HOUSE, GREEN LANE
(Formerly listed as Bawden House and Outbuildings of Bowden House)
GRADE I Listing NGR: SX8014358848
Circa 1509 manor house built for John Gyles, remodelled with new south-east and south-west fronts circa 1700-04 for Nicholas Trist. Early C19 glazed porch. C16 range at the rear. Early C19 stable block. Interior Former Tudor hall, later the kitchen, retains a moulded plaster ceiling decorated with rib work and part of figured frieze; open fireplaces, one with early C18 mantle. C18 front room with earlier C17 panelling (brought from elsewhere in the old house) and a fine carved chimneypiece with elaborate coat of arms and crowned supporters inscribed below Holophernes and Judith with date 1585. Elaborate C18 plasterwork entrance hall. Medallion of Charles I dated 1735. Mid C18 open staircase.^[2]

Description of Bowden House

Bowden's primary façades provide a consistent 18th century appearance, screening the mixture of ages and styles of its much-remodeled interior. The massive chimney stacks, some dating to the 16th century, appear crude by contrast with the square dressed stone of the south and west elevations. These elevations together contain two main entrances and thirty sash windows. The secondary elevations to the north and east display much more clearly the many modifications made over time and incorporate masonry remnants and leftovers salvaged during previous renovations.

The oldest parts of the house lie to the north and east. Land at Bowden was occupied by the de Braose family in 1154 but nothing visible in the house's structure suggests it contains anything dating to this period. Much of the foundation and some internal walls of the current building likely have their origin in construction done for Thomas Giles (or Gyles, or Gylles) who acquired Bowden in 1464. A large Tudor mansion arose early in the 1520s (about one-third of which remains today) and was incorporated into the current building. Evidence of the original layout of Giles' construction can be gleaned from studying the existing cellar walls and the southern outer courtyard walls. The Giles Family lived at Bowden for about 250 years.

Shortly after purchasing the house in 1704, Nicholas Trist enlarged it by adding ranges to cover two sides of the original building, but probably retaining part of a north cross wing as well as the 'Giles' Tudor hall. Any previous structure to the south of this hall has been obliterated by Trist's additions. In the 18th century the 'Giles' hall became the main kitchen, with ovens and a massive chimney being added to the west side.

In about 1800 Bowden was bought by the Adams family, who did to the roofs during their ownership, which lasted until 1887. The ceiling in the 18th century south entrance hall carries a shield of arms of 'Adams of Bowden'. Pevsner comments upon this room: '...one of the few examples in the country of an essay in Baroque taste, the details rather better than the sum of the parts, as seen so often in provincial work. An early C18 date seems likely for most of the decoration, although some of the embellishments may be later, among them the arms of the Adam family, owners of the house from c. 1800, which appear on the ceiling.'^[3]

Ownership

John Giles (or Gyles, or Gylles) MP (c.1487-1552/3) to son

William Giles (c.1507-1581) to son

John Giles MP (d. 1606) to son

Sir Edward Giles MP (1566-1637) to first cousin

Richard Giles (1581-1648) to son

John Giles (d. 1676) to kinswoman

Mary, wife of Sir Richard Gipps, who sold 1704 to

Nicholas Trist (1668-1741) to son

Browse Trist (c.1699-1777) to son

Hore Browse Trist (c.1736-80) to brother

Rev. Browse Trist (c.1742-91) to three daughters, who sold c.1800 to

William Adams MP (1752-1811) to son

William Dacres Adams (1775-1862) to son

Rev. Dacres Adams (1806-71) to son

William Fulford Adams (1833-1912) who sold 1887 to

Sir Mortimer Singer (d. 1929) who sold 1895 to

The Harvey family who sold c.1914 to

Montague Bush who sold to

Robert William Campbell-Davidson (fl. 1923) ca. 1920 let to

Col. Partridge, requisitioned for use by US Army in WW2

used as special school, then sold c. 1965 to

Ayles family, who sold in 1976 to

Christopher & Belinda Petersen, who sold in 2000 to

Mrs. & Mr. R. Taylor, who sold in 2005 to

Jan Mosbacher, who sold in 2014 to

The Bowden Housing Cooperative Ltd.

The Bowden House Community, who are the present owners and residents of the building, are a cohousing "group of families and individuals developing conscious, authentic and eco-mindful living within a culture of singing, working, eating, gardening, celebrating and learning together".^[4] Bowden House is owned by the Bowden Housing Cooperative Ltd., which is in turn the joint property of its residents.

References

^ Listing text
^ Historic England. "Bowden House (1236034)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
^ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1952). The Buildings of England: South Devon. Penguin Books. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
^ "Bowden House Community website". Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2015-04-17.

Sources

Burke, John, Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions or High Official Rank but Uninvested with Heritable Honours, 4 volumes (1833–1838), Vol. 4, ("Small Paper Edition"), London, 1838, pp. 434–4, Adams of Bowden
Pevsner, Nikolaus & Cherry, Bridget, The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004, pp. 195–6, Bowden House
Pole, Sir William (died 1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p. 293, Bowedon
Risdon, Tristram (died 1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p. 166, Bowden, Ashprington
Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 409, pedigree of Giles of Bowden

50°25′02″N 3°41′18″W / 50.4172°N 3.6884°W / 50.4172; -3.6884

[1] Listing text

[2] Historic England. "Bowden House (1236034)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 July 2016.

[3] Pevsner, Nikolaus (1952). The Buildings of England: South Devon. Penguin Books. Retrieved 7 June 2021.

[4] "Bowden House Community website". Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2015-04-17.

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[2]

[3]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{copyedit|reason=inverted commas need fixing|date=May 2021}}{{Close paraphrasing|date=May 2021}}{{Short description|English country estate}}
+{{Short description|English country estate}}
 {{distinguish|Bowden, Yealmpton}}
 {{distinguish|Bowden, Stoke Fleming}}
 [[File:Bowden House - Totnes - geograph.org.uk - 42158.jpg|thumb|200px|Bowden House, Ashprington, Devon]]
 '''Bowden''' is an historic estate in [[Ashprington]] parish near [[Totnes]] in [[Devon, England]]. The present structure, known as "Bowden House," is a [[Listed building|grade I listed]] building and, having been modified over many centuries, is composed of a mélange of styles with [[English Baroque]] and [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] predominating.<ref>[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-426815-bowden-house-totnes-devon#.VTEj_5O-sqc Listing text]</ref>
-==Origins of the name Bowden==
-Two possible derivations of the name Bowden have been offered. Bowden's elevated yet sheltered location would match the combining of the words Boga and Dunne - a phrase meaning the crest of a hill or rounded hill.{{Citation needed|reason=In what language? The second cited potential derivation includes the language, this one does not. Adding the language would help this assertion.|date=June 2021}} Considering that the original access route from Totnes was an eastern approach going straight over the hill, this seems plausible. A second proposition derives the origin from the word Bodeton, in which ton, from the Anglo Saxon tun - means enclosure, farmstead or village, in this case belonging to someone named Bode or Bude.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fanthorpe |first1=Lionel |last2=Fanthorpe |first2=Patricia |title=The World's Most Mysterious Places |date=1999 |publisher=Hounslow Press |location=Toronto |isbn=0-88882-206-5 |page=75 |edition=1 |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=hTRpldUOqfIC&pg=PA75&hl=fr&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>
 ==Listing description==
-Bowden House was given a grade 1 listing in 1952, making it one of fewer than 10,000 such buildings in the UK, recognizing it as being of exceptional interest and national importance. The Register of Listed Buildings provides the following description:
+Bowden House was given a grade 1 listing in 1952, making it one of fewer than 10,000 such buildings in the UK, recognizing it as being of exceptional interest and national importance. The [[National Heritage List for England|Register of Listed Buildings]] describes it, in part, as follows:
-{{block indent |1='''BOWDEN HOUSE, GREEN LANE'''<br />(Formerly listed as Bawden House and Outbuildings of Bowden House)<br />GRADE I Listing NGR: SX8014358848<br />Circa 1509 manor house built for John Gyles, remodelled with new south-east and south-west fronts circa 1700-04 for Nicholas Trist. 2 storeys. Hipped Welsh slate roof with rendered stacks. Devonian limestone ashlar with pilasters carrying entablature and parapet. Architraved sash windows with glazing bars. Main entrance with the architraved doorway, early C19 glazed porch. C16 range at the rear with original doorways to former screen's passage; original main entrance (now internal doorway) of granite with arched head, (similar doorway reused in C19 stable range. Early C19 stable block adjoining C16 range with arcaded stable yard. Outbuildings incorporate a doorway and other carved fragments from the C16 house. Interior Former Tudor hall, later the kitchen, retains a moulded plaster ceiling decorated with rib work and part of figured frieze; open fireplaces, one with early C18 mantle. C18 front room with earlier C17 panelling (brought from elsewhere in the old house) and similarly a fine carved chimneypiece with elaborate coat of arms and crowned supporters inscribed below Holophernes and Judith with date 1585. Elaborate C18 plasterwork to entrance hall including doorcase, niches, chimney-piece. Medallion of Charles I dated 1735. Mid C18 open staircase.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1236034|desc=Bowden House|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>|right=7}}
+{{block indent |1='''BOWDEN HOUSE, GREEN LANE'''<br />(Formerly listed as Bawden House and Outbuildings of Bowden House)<br />GRADE I Listing NGR: SX8014358848<br />Circa 1509 manor house built for John Gyles, remodelled with new south-east and south-west fronts circa 1700-04 for Nicholas Trist. Early C19 glazed porch. C16 range at the rear. Early C19 stable block. Interior Former Tudor hall, later the kitchen, retains a moulded plaster ceiling decorated with rib work and part of figured frieze; open fireplaces, one with early C18 mantle. C18 front room with earlier C17 panelling (brought from elsewhere in the old house) and a fine carved chimneypiece with elaborate coat of arms and crowned supporters inscribed below Holophernes and Judith with date 1585. Elaborate C18 plasterwork entrance hall. Medallion of Charles I dated 1735. Mid C18 open staircase.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1236034|desc=Bowden House|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>|right=7}}
 == Description of Bowden House ==
-Bowden's primary façades provide a consistent and refined 18th century appearance, screening the mixture of ages and styles of its much-remodeled interior. The massive chimney stacks, some dating to the 16th century, appear crude by contrast with the square dressed stone of the south and west elevations. These elevations together contain two main entrances and thirty sash windows set within polished ashlar architraves. The secondary elevations to the north and east display much more clearly the many modifications made over time and incorporate masonry remnants and leftovers salvaged during previous renovations.
 [[File:Fig 1. Bowden House as viewed from the South.jpg|thumb|Bowden House as viewed from the South]]
+Bowden's primary façades provide a consistent 18th century appearance, screening the mixture of ages and styles of its much-remodeled interior. The massive chimney stacks, some dating to the 16th century, appear crude by contrast with the square dressed stone of the south and west elevations. These elevations together contain two main entrances and thirty sash windows. The secondary elevations to the north and east display much more clearly the many modifications made over time and incorporate masonry remnants and leftovers salvaged during previous renovations.
+[[File: Bowden house ground floor plan.png|alt=Ground floor plan of Bowden House|thumb|Ground floor plan of Bowden House]]
 The oldest parts of the house lie to the north and east. Land at Bowden was occupied by the de Braose family in 1154 but nothing visible in the house's structure suggests it contains anything dating to this period. Much of the foundation and some internal walls of the current building likely have their origin in construction done for Thomas Giles (or Gyles, or Gylles) who acquired Bowden in 1464. A large Tudor mansion arose early in the 1520s (about one-third of which remains today) and was incorporated into the current building. Evidence of the original layout of Giles' construction can be gleaned from studying the existing cellar walls and the southern outer courtyard walls. The Giles Family lived at Bowden for about 250 years.
+Shortly after purchasing the house in 1704, Nicholas Trist enlarged it by adding ranges to cover two sides of the original building, but probably retaining part of a north cross wing as well as the 'Giles' [[Tudor]] hall. Any previous structure to the south of this hall has been obliterated by Trist's additions. In the 18th century the 'Giles' hall became the main kitchen, with ovens and a massive chimney being added to the west side.
-[[File: Bowden house ground floor plan.png|alt=Ground floor plan of Bowden House|thumb|Ground floor plan of Bowden House]]
-Shortly after purchasing the house in 1704, Nicholas Trist enlarged it by adding ranges to cover two sides of the original building, but probably retaining part of a north cross wing as well as the 'Giles' [[Tudor]] hall. Any previous structure to the south of this hall has been obliterated by Trist's additions. Initially, after the Trists added the south to west ranges, the 'Giles' hall may have been used as a servants' dining room or hall, while the principal dining room was in the new south range at the southeast corner.
-The detached kitchen arrangement was clearly discontinued later in the 18th century. The brick arcaded passage was blocked off, and the 'Giles' hall became the main kitchen, with ovens and a massive chimney being added to the west side.
-In about 1800 Bowden was bought by the Adams family and, among other things, much work was done to the roofs during their ownership, which lasted until 1887. The ceiling in the 18th century south entrance hall carries a shield of arms of 'Adams of Bowden'. Pevsner comments upon this room: '...one of the few examples in the country of an essay in Baroque taste, the details rather better than the sum of the parts, as seen so often in provincial work. An early C18 date seems likely for most of the decoration, although some of the embellishments may be later, among them the arms of the Adam family, owners of the house from c. 1800, which appear on the ceiling.'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |title=The Buildings of England: South Devon |date=1952 |publisher=Penguin Books |url=https://books.google.fr/books/about/The_Buildings_of_England_South_Devon.html?id=GhfqAAAAMAAJ |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>
-'''External Elevations'''
-The south and west fronts of Bowden House are of two storeys with sash windows and hipped slate roofs behind parapets. These ranges were added in the early 18th century. Each elevation is a symmetrical composition. Although differing in length, each façade is divided into three parts by giant pilasters reaching from plinth to parapet cornice.
-The main walling is of squared and coursed [[Devonian]] limestone rubble, and the details at plinth, first-floor {{not a typo|Platt band}} and moulded cornice are in ashlar. The pilasters are a bluish-grey limestone with a red limestone frieze, punctuated centrally above each window with a grey block. The wall panels between the pilasters are infilled with a deliberate mix of grey and red limestone. Further red bands are added at first floor level to the outer parts.  All windows are eighteen-pane sashes in moulded ashlar surrounds.
-North of the 'Giles' hall the walling continues in stone rubble for three storeys with a pair of openings to each floor, now mainly modern wood casements under brick arches.
-The east side of the inner court is covered by a two-storey building which may have originally been a detached kitchen. To this building a brick upper storey was added in the 18th century, perforated by pigeon holes in the west side and south gable end. It was presumably converted to a stable range with lofts over in the time of the Trist's additions to the main house, and was altered again to form two cottages circa 1970.
-'''The Roofs'''
-Over the 18th century additions there are intersecting hipped slated roofs and leaded valleys, but the central late-medieval hall and service rooms have been re-roofed and raised completely in the late 18th or 19th centuries. This area of roof gives little indication externally of the divisions within the building beneath. The roof over the SE range has two parallel pitches with a central valley gutter draining to the east and west. The ridges of these two roofs are supported not by the normal trussed rafters, but centrally, parallel to and beneath the ridge, by an early form of lattice girder in timber. This has raking struts rising from each side of the lowest member of the girder, a tie beam, to support the purlins, and normal raftering. This method would seem to have been used in order to maintain a low roof profile over a wide span without having to recourse to a wholly leaded roof.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
-==Descent==
+In about 1800 Bowden was bought by the Adams family, who did to the roofs during their ownership, which lasted until 1887. The ceiling in the 18th century south entrance hall carries a shield of arms of 'Adams of Bowden'. Pevsner comments upon this room: '...one of the few examples in the country of an essay in Baroque taste, the details rather better than the sum of the parts, as seen so often in provincial work. An early C18 date seems likely for most of the decoration, although some of the embellishments may be later, among them the arms of the Adam family, owners of the house from c. 1800, which appear on the ceiling.'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |title=The Buildings of England: South Devon |date=1952 |publisher=Penguin Books |url=https://books.google.fr/books/about/The_Buildings_of_England_South_Devon.html?id=GhfqAAAAMAAJ |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>
-Bowden House List of Descent
+{{clear}}
+==Ownership==
 :'''John Giles''' (or Gyles, or Gylles) MP (c.1487-1552/3) to son
@@ Line 71: / Line 48: @@
 :Mrs. & Mr. '''R. Taylor''', who sold in 2005 to
 :'''Jan Mosbacher''', who sold in 2014 to
-:The '''Bowden Housing Cooperative'''.
+:The '''Bowden Housing Cooperative Ltd'''.
+The Bowden House Community, who are the present owners and residents of the building, are a [[cohousing]] ''"group of families and individuals developing conscious, authentic and eco-mindful living within a culture of singing, working, eating, gardening, celebrating and learning together"''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bowdenhouse.co.uk/about/4586305018# |title=Bowden House Community website |access-date=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417174601/http://www.bowdenhouse.co.uk/about/4586305018# |archive-date=2015-04-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bowden House is owned by the Bowden Housing Cooperative Ltd., which is in turn the joint property of its residents.
-===Bowden House Community===
-Bowden House Community, present day owner and occupier of the Bowden Estate, is a ''"group of families and individuals developing conscious, authentic and eco-mindful living within a culture of singing, working, eating, gardening, celebrating and learning together"''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bowdenhouse.co.uk/about/4586305018# |title=Bowden House Community website |access-date=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417174601/http://www.bowdenhouse.co.uk/about/4586305018# |archive-date=2015-04-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-As part of this community Bowden House itself is owned by the Bowden Housing Cooperative Ltd. and is shared by its residents.
 ==References==
-{{reflist|30em}}
+{{reflist}}
 ==Sources==