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==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Sports}}
{{Portal|Sports}}
* [[Rugby league in the United States]]
*[[Rugby league in the United States]]
*[[List of American rugby league champions]]
*[[List of American rugby league champions]]
*[[List of defunct rugby league clubs in the United States]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 11:16, 15 June 2021

AMNRL
AMNRL logo
SportRugby league
Inaugural season1998
Ceased2014
Replaced byUSARL
Number of teams5
CountryUSA
ChampionsConnecticut Wildcats (2013)
Most titlesAston Bulls (6 titles)
Websitewww.amnrl.org

The American National Rugby League (AMNRL) was a rugby league organization in the United States that operated from 1997 to 2014. The country's first domestic rugby league competition, it hosted an annual league from 1998 through 2013. Throughout its existence, the AMNRL was also recognized by the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF) as the governing body for the sport in the United States, and oversaw the United States national rugby league team, the Tomahawks.

Australian former professional player David Niu founded the competition that became AMNRL in 1997, with six teams competing in the first season the following year. The league grew to eleven teams by 2010, with plans for westward expansion. On January 12, 2011, seven teams announced they were departing the AMNRL to form the new USA Rugby League (USARL).[1]

The AMNRL suffered from competition with the USARL, and did not host a domestic competition after the 2013 season, though it continued to organize international team games. The organization folded in 2014 and was replaced by the USARL as the internationally recognized body for rugby league in the USA.[2][3]

History

See also: Rugby league in the United States

Origins

The roots of the American National Rugby League date to 1997, when Super League America was formed to organize a national team, establish an amateur domestic competition, and build the sport in the United States.[4] The organization was initially established by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation in an attempt to spread rugby league to the United States.[5] The organization was run by former professional player David Niu, who had come to Philadelphia in 1992 and had been active in promoting the sport there.[6] Super League America's domestic competition began its inaugural season in 1998, and was contested by six teams all in the Northeastern United States: the Glen Mills Bulls (later the Aston Bulls), the New Jersey Sharks (now the Bucks County Sharks in the USARL), the New York Broncos (now the New York Knights in the USARL), the Philadelphia Bulldogs (now the Philadelphia Fight in the USARL), the Boston Storm, and the Pennsylvania Raiders.[4] The Boston and Pennsylvania teams soon dropped out; the others later formed the core of the AMNRL. Super League America organized the domestic competition in 1998 and 1999; the Glen Mills Bulls were declared league champions in both years.[7]

In December 1999, Super League America announced a reorganization. The league headquarters moved to Jacksonville, Florida, with Jacksonville marketing executive Steve Gormley made the organization's new president; David Niu would serve as CEO and maintain the northeastern branch.[4] The organization was renamed the United States Rugby League, and set its sights on expanding into the Southeastern United States and attracting British rugby league teams to Florida for training camps and international competitions.[8] The USRL was successful in attracting foreign teams and advanced the U.S. national team to the Rugby League World Cup qualifiers for the first time; however, it was soon beset by internal strife.[9][10]

Complications over a deal with the British Rugby Football League led to a dispute that bankrupted the USRL.[6] In the midst of the dispute, in May 2001 the five domestic teams announced they would form a new organization, the American National Rugby League, with Niu as its head.[11] Later that year Gormley sold the USRL's assets to the Rugby Football League, leaving the AMNRL as the sole rugby league body in the United States.[9]

Growth

The AMNRL was affiliated with the Rugby League International Federation, the sport's world governing body, through Super League America.[12] Expansion of the domestic league became a major goal for the organization, and new teams were added every few years. The Wilmington Vikings (later the New York Raiders) joined the competition in 2002, bringing the number of teams back up to six. The following year the Connecticut Wildcats of Norwalk, Connecticut and the Washington D.C. Slayers joined.

In 2006 the league expanded once again to include the Jacksonville Axemen, the New Haven Warriors, and the Boston Braves. After the end of the season, however, the Boston Braves folded, and two charter teams, the Media Mantarays and the Philadelphia Fight, announced they were merging. The Fairfax Eagles joined the competition in 2007, and the Boston Thirteens joined in 2009. Another charter franchise, the Bucks County Sharks, suspended operations in 2010, while the Pittsburgh Vipers were added.

In 2010, the AMNRL entered into a relationship with the Star Group to rebrand the league, its assets, and its teams.[13] In 2012, the AMNRL entered into a partnership arrangement with Grand Prix Entertainment to promote and grow the game in the USA, in return for ownership of the league and TV rights to World Cup matches in 2013.[14] This led to complications regarding the ownership of the league.

AMNRL/USARL split and collapse

On January 12, 2011, seven teams announced they were breaking with the AMNRL to form a new league, the USA Rugby League (USARL). Officials cited the lack of club involvement in the AMNRL's decision-making as the reason for the split; the USA Rugby League implemented a constituency which involved member clubs in its administration.[1][15][16] The departing teams were the Boston 13s, the D.C. Slayers, the Fairfax Eagles, the Jacksonville Axemen, the New Haven Warriors, the Philadelphia Fight, and the Pittsburgh Vipers (later the Pittsburgh Sledgehammers). Five of these teams (all except Fairfax and Pittsburgh), along with three new teams, participated in the USARL's inaugural 2011 season.

The AMNRL struggled over the next few years due to the competition from the USARL.[2] The RLIF stepped in to work with the leagues toward an ultimate goal of reunification, but were unable to find a solution. The AMNRL put its domestic competition on hiatus after the 2013 season, though it continued to organize games for the national team, including the U.S.'s first ever appearance at the Rugby League World Cup in 2013, in which the Tomahawks reached the quarter finals.[3] The split between the leagues cost the U.S. its automatic qualification to the 2017 World Cup. In August 2014, the AMNRL announced it would cease operations to end the rift and allow the USARL to seek status as the national governing body.[2]

Expansion plans

WAMNRL logo

The AMNRL announced various plans for future expansion at different times. Beginning in 2001 the league announced plans for a Western American National Rugby League (WAMNRL) to develop the sport on the West Coast of the United States.[17] The AMNRL has revisited these plans several times since.[18]

In 2009 league officials announced the creation of a new, fully professional league, the National Rugby League USA (NRLUS), which originally hoped to launch in 2010. The AMNRL would serve as an amateur and semi-professional feeder league for the new competition. However, the new league never got off the ground, with officials blaming the Great Recession.[19]

Season structure

From 1998 through 2013, member teams of the domestic competition competed in a Grand Final for the league championship. The winning team received the "Ferrainola Cup", named for American rugby league promoter Sam Ferrainola.[20] Beginning in 2011, the AMNRL season consisted of an eight-round, seven-game regular season followed by a playoffs series culminating in the Grand Final. All six teams advanced to the playoffs, which consisted of a three-round single-elimination tournament, with the Grand Final winners receiving the championship title.[21]

One of signature events in the AMNRL's domestic schedule was the War at the Shore. The event, held annually in Sea Isle City, New Jersey, generally consisted of full 13-a-side and rugby league sevens games between AMNRL teams, local and national representative sides, and developmental teams.[22][23]

List of championship titles

Season Championship Final Information Regular Season Premiers
Champions Score Runners-Up
1998 Glen Mills Bulls 66–12 Philadelphia Bulldogs
1999 Glen Mills Bulls 28–10 New Jersey Sharks
2000 Glen Mills Bulls 38–26 Philadelphia Bulldogs
2001 Glen Mills Bulls 26–16 Media Mantarays
2002 New York Knights 18–12 Glen Mills Bulls
2003 Connecticut Wildcats 38–14 Glen Mills Bulls
2004 Glen Mills Bulls 32–24 Connecticut Wildcats
2005 Glen Mills Bulls 32–30 Connecticut Wildcats
2006 Connecticut Wildcats 36–28 Glen Mills Bulls Glen Mills Bulls
2007 Connecticut Wildcats 22–18 Aston DSC Bulls Connecticut Wildcats
2008 New Haven Warriors 50–18 Aston DSC Bulls Aston DSC Bulls
2009 New York Knights 32–12 Jacksonville Axemen Jacksonville Axemen
2010 Jacksonville Axemen 34–14 New Haven Warriors New Haven Warriors
2011 New York Knights 38–4 Connecticut Wildcats New York Knights
2012 New York Knights 60–40 Connecticut Wildcats New York Knights
2013 Connecticut Wildcats 42–10 New York Knights

Teams

Six teams played in the 2011 season. Four of these teams, the Aston Bulls, the Connecticut Wildcats, the New York Knights, and the New York Raiders, played in the AMNRL the previous season. The Bucks County Sharks, who did not compete in the 2010 season, also rejoined the league in 2011.[24] A sixth team, the Delaware Vipers, were announced in April 2011 and played during the season. Ostensibly based in Wilmington, Delaware, the AMNRL considered them successors to the Media Mantarays, who played in the competition from 2000–2006.[25]

In 2011 the AMNRL launched a Hawaii-based competition in partnership with the Hawaii Rugby League.[26] The AMNRL dubbed this the "Pacific Conference", while the East Coast-based competition was named the "Atlantic Conference". Teams listed in the Pacific Conference as of July 16, 2011 are the Hawaii Islanders, Honolulu Titans, Kalihi Raiders, Marist Marauders, Maui Voyagers, and Tama Suma Ie. However, as of that time, only the Marist, Maui, Tama Sulu, and Kalihi teams had played games, and had not played consistently.[27]

In addition, other teams competed in AMNRL-sponsored tournaments. The Chicago Stockyarders played two rugby league nines games in 2010.[28][29][30] On June 10, 2011, the Utah Avalanche of Salt Lake City, Utah, announced they were joining the AMNRL as a developing team.[31][32] The Avalanche were formed in early 2011 and were previously aligned with the USARL, playing in a USARL rugby league nines tournament in Philadelphia in May.[33][34][35] In June 2011 they announced they were re-aligning with the AMNRL.[31][36]

On November 26, 2011 the AMNRL announced that the Northern Virginia Eagles, formerly the Fairfax Eagles, would be reforming and joining the competition.[37] In the new year the AMNRL released its 2011 review and announced its "Road to the 2013 Rugby League World Cup" which includes launching teams and competitions in the East, Midwest, West and Southwest. A further two teams were announced to be joining the league on January 13 – the Las Vegas Warriors and Colorado Blizzard were announced to be part of a Western Conference as well as new teams forming from Los Angeles and San Francisco.[38][39]

AMNRL teams
Team Stadium City/Area Foundation Year Championships
Pennsylvania Bulls Sun Valley High School Aston Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 1998 6 (as Glen Mills Bulls)
Bucks County Sharks Falls Township Community Park Levittown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania 1997 0
Connecticut Wildcats Brien McMahon Stadium Norwalk, Connecticut 2003 3- 2003,2006,2007
New York Knights Hudson River Park New York City, New York 1997 2- 2002,2009
New York Raiders Rockland Lake State Park Rockland County, New York 2002 0

Former teams

Former AMNRL teams
Team City/Area Foundation Year Final Year
Boston Storm Boston, Massachusetts 1998 1998
Pennsylvania Raiders Pennsylvania 1998 1998
Delaware Valley Mantarays Ridley Park, Pennsylvania 2000 2006 Note
Boston Braves Boston, Massachusetts 2006 2006
Philadelphia Bulldogs/Fight Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 1998 2010 (USARL)
Washington DC Slayers Washington, D.C. 2003 2010 (USARL)
Jacksonville Axemen Jacksonville, Florida 2006 2010 (USARL)
New Haven Warriors West Haven, Connecticut 2006 2010 (USARL)
Boston Thirteens Boston, Massachusetts 2009 2010 (USARL)
Pittsburgh Vipers Cheswick, Pennsylvania 2010 2010 (USARL)
Delaware Vipers Wilmington, Delaware 2011 2011
Iowa City Crash Iowa City, Iowa 2012 2013 (GPRL)
Southampton Dragons Southampton, New York 2013 2014
Northern Virginia Eagles Manassas, Virginia 2007 2014 (USARL)
Bucks County Sharks Levittown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania 1997 2015 (USARL)
Connecticut Wildcats Norwalk, Connecticut 2003 2015 (USARL)
New York Knights New York City, New York 1997 2015 (USARL)

Note Delaware Valley Mantarays merged with Philadelphia Bulldogs in 2006. The AMNRL considers the Delaware Vipers to be successors to the Mantarays.[citation needed]

Commissioners and presidents

Statistics and awards

League records

Largest victory: Jacksonville Axemen 90 – 8 Philadelphia Fight (2006)

Most valuable player

At the conclusion of each season, the title of Most Valuable Player is awarded to the individual who accumulates the most points via a voting system that is undertaken after every game. Each official at the conclusion of a regular-season fixture awards either three, two or one points for the most deserving players on game day; these points are then added up to determine the MVP. Performance is not only measured by individual feats but also the influence that player has had on the performance of his respective team.

Year Player Club
2013 Mike Schacter Connecticut Wildcats
2012 Matt Walsh Connecticut Wildcats
2011 Nigel Milgate New York Knights
2010 Adrian Grayson Jacksonville Axemen
2009 Luke Hume New York Knights
2008 Siose Muliumu New Haven Warriors
2007 Tim Gee Connecticut Wildcats
2006 Jason Gargaram Glen Mills Bulls
2005 Andrew Webster / Erik Hollingsworth Connecticut Wildcats / Glen Mills Bulls
2004 Marcus Acidopholus Glen Mills Bulls
2003 Danny Bull Connecticut Wildcats
2002 Shayne Mains Glen Mills Bulls
2001 Dave DiValerio Delaware Valley Mantarays
2000 Ed Woodbridge Glen Mills Bulls
1999 Shayne Mains Glen Mills Bulls
1998 Bill Hansbury Glen Mills Bulls

Every season to date has seen an individual awarded the MVP excluding the 2005 season where both Andrew Webster and Erik Hollingsworth were awarded the Most Valuable player after they finished with equal points.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Breakaway league launched in the US". code13rugbyleague.com. January 12, 2011. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c "Parramatta Eels star Joseph Paulo's role as US Tomahawks captain under threat as AMNRL bows out". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  3. ^ a b "AMNRL slam RLIF about American split".
  4. ^ a b c "Room for Rugby". Jacksonville Business Journal. December 13, 1999. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  5. ^ Christopher K. Hepp (September 18, 1998). "Murdoch's Money Creating A U.S. Toehold For Rugby". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
  6. ^ a b Hannan, Tony (April 2002). "Niu York, Niu York!". Rugby League World. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
  7. ^ "Aston Bulls RLFC Records & Achievements". December 8, 2011. Archived from the original on December 8, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  8. ^ Mya M. Borger (January 10, 2000). "Playing for Keeps". Jacksonville Business Journal. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  9. ^ a b Devan Stuart (October 1, 2001). "Gormley sells U.S. rugby league". Jacksonville Business Journal. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  10. ^ Jessica Gellady (March 24, 2003). "Revamping Rugby". Jacksonville Business Journal. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  11. ^ David Hundt (May 4, 2001). "Who's in control?". 13world.com. rivals.net. Archived from the original on July 28, 2002. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  12. ^ AMNRL (July 2, 2009). "The American National Rugby League Vision". American National Rugby League. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  13. ^ Mascord, Steve (January 12, 2011). "Discord 2011: Edition 2". rleague.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  14. ^ "amnrl.com". Archived from the original on January 12, 2016.
  15. ^ Mascord, Steve (January 12, 2011). "Discord 2011: Edition 2". rleague.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  16. ^ "New Rugby League Competition Announced". Rugby Magazine. January 12, 2011. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  17. ^ Steven Birchall (April 19, 2001). "RL in US head west". rleague.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  18. ^ Brian, Lowe (September 28, 2010). "RL Hopes to Move West". americanrugbynews.com. American Rugby News. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010.
  19. ^ Staff (February 7, 2010). "Big USA money chasing Stacey Jones". The Dominion Post. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  20. ^ Nick Walshaw (September 4, 2002). "First-Year Knights Win Yankee Comp". Rugby League World. rivals.net. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  21. ^ "AMNRL Official Schedule". amnrl.com. American National Rugby League. 2011. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  22. ^ "War at the Shore". American Rugby News. July 27, 2010. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  23. ^ Brian Lowe (August 1, 2010). "War at the Shore Success". American Rugby News. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  24. ^ Tim McCall (January 31, 2011). "Sharks commit to AMNRL for season 2011". Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  25. ^ "Delaware Vipers". amnrl.com. American National Rugby League. 2011. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  26. ^ "Hawaii Expansion". amnrl.com. American National Rugby League. 2011. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  27. ^ "Standings | American National Rugby League". Amnrl.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  28. ^ "Chicago Stockyarders Sign First Sponsor". wearerugby.com. October 13, 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  29. ^ Brian Lowe (November 1, 2010). "USA Strategic Plan". wearerugby.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  30. ^ Brian Lowe (January 8, 2011). "Sharks To Rejoin AMNRL". wearerugby.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  31. ^ a b "Utah Avalanche Joins League". We Are Rugby. June 13, 2011. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  32. ^ "Utah Avalanche join American National Rugby League". utahrugbyleague.com. June 10, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  33. ^ "USARL | USA Rugby League | American Rugby League « Uncategorized « Inaugural 9′s Tournament May 28 in Conshohocken, Philadelphia". USA Rugby League. May 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  34. ^ "USARL | USA Rugby League | American Rugby League « Uncategorized « USARL Constitution & Teams announced". USA Rugby League. February 18, 2011. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  35. ^ "USARL 9s Tournament 2011 in Philadelphia - Results & Photos". Archived from the original on March 25, 2012.
  36. ^ [1] Archived March 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "NOVA Eagles have landed!". amnrl.com. American National Rugby League. November 26, 2011. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
  38. ^ "More teams for AMNRL". rleague.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  39. ^ "2011 – YEAR IN REVIEW | American National Rugby League". Amnrl.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
Official websites
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=American_National_Rugby_League&oldid=1028676652"