Jump to content

Jean-Pierre Luminet: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Georsang (talk | contribs)
20 edits
m added references
Fixed spelling errors + more examples needed for Luminet's "many awards"
Line 22: Line 22:
}}
}}


'''Jean-Pierre Luminet''' (born 3 June 1951) is a [[France|French]] [[astrophysicist]], specializing in relativistic astrophysics, [[black hole]]s and [[physical cosmology|cosmology]]. He is also a writer and a poet. As a scientist he is an emeritus research director at the [[CNRS]] (''Centre national de la recherche scientifique''). Dr. Luminet is a member of the ''Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille'' (LAM) and ''Laboratoire Univers et Théories'' (LUTH) of the [[Paris Observatory|Paris-Meudon Observatory]], and is a visiting scientist at the ''Centre de Physique Théorique'' (CPT) in Marseilles.
'''Jean-Pierre Luminet''' (born 3 June 1951) is a [[France|French]] [[astrophysicist]], specializing in [[black hole]]s and [[physical cosmology|cosmology]]. He is also a writer and a poet. As a scientist he is an emeritus research director at the [[CNRS]] (''Centre national de la recherche scientifique''). Dr. Luminet is a member of the ''Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille'' (LAM) and ''Laboratoire Univers et Théories'' (LUTH) of the [[Paris Observatory|Paris-Meudon Observatory]], and is a visiting scientist at the ''Centre de Physique Théorique'' (CPT) in Marseilles.


He has been awarded several prizes on account of his work in [[Basic research|pure science]] and [[science communication]]. In addition, he serves on the editorial board of ''Inference: The International Review of Science''<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://inference-review.com/index.php/about|access-date=2021-06-02|website=Inference: International Review of Science|language=en}}</ref>.
He has been awarded several prizes on account of his work in [[Basic research|pure science]] and [[science communication]]{{Example needed|s|date=June 2021}}. In addition, he serves on the editorial board of ''Inference: The International Review of Science''<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://inference-review.com/index.php/about|access-date=2021-06-02|website=Inference: International Review of Science|language=en}}</ref>.


The asteroid [[5523 Luminet]], discovered in 1991 at [[Palomar Observatory]], was aptly named after him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html |title=Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) |publisher=[[IAU Minor Planet Center]]}}</ref><ref>https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=5523#content</ref>
The asteroid [[5523 Luminet]], discovered in 1991 at [[Palomar Observatory]], was aptly named after him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html |title=Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) |publisher=[[IAU Minor Planet Center]]}}</ref><ref>https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=5523#content</ref>


Luminet endeavors to make his research understandable to the non-scientific community. He has produced fifteen science books,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books by Jean-Pierre Luminet (Author of El incendio de Alejandría)|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/223578.Jean_Pierre_Luminet|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> seven historical novels<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books by Jean-Pierre Luminet (Author of El incendio de Alejandría)|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/223578.Jean_Pierre_Luminet|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref>, TV documentaries<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jean-Pierre Luminet|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1985877/|access-date=2021-06-02|website=IMDb}}</ref>, and six poetry collections. He is an [[artist]], an [[Engraving|engraver]], a [[Sculpture|sculptor]] and a [[musician]] <ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/series/poetique-de-linfini</ref>. In his music career, he has collaborated with composers such as [[Gérard Grisey]]<ref>http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/8960/</ref> and [[Hèctor Parra]]<ref>http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/42317/</ref>. Luminet's literary work has been translated into a dozen languages <ref>https://luth.obspm.fr/~luminet/Books/romans.html</ref>.
Luminet endeavours to make his research understandable to the non-scientific community. He has produced fifteen science books,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books by Jean-Pierre Luminet (Author of El incendio de Alejandría)|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/223578.Jean_Pierre_Luminet|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> seven historical novels<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books by Jean-Pierre Luminet (Author of El incendio de Alejandría)|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/223578.Jean_Pierre_Luminet|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref>, TV documentaries<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jean-Pierre Luminet|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1985877/|access-date=2021-06-02|website=IMDb}}</ref>, and six poetry collections. He is an [[artist]], an [[Engraving|engraver]], a [[Sculpture|sculptor]], and a [[musician]] <ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/series/poetique-de-linfini</ref>. In his music career, he has collaborated with composers such as [[Gérard Grisey]]<ref>http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/8960/</ref> and [[Hèctor Parra]]<ref>http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/42317/</ref>. Luminet's literary work has been translated into many languages <ref>https://luth.obspm.fr/~luminet/Books/romans.html</ref>.


==Scientific career==
==Scientific career==
Line 34: Line 34:
[[File:Black hole - Messier 87.jpg|thumb|The first direct image of a black hole, imaged by the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] and published in April 2019]]In 1979, Luminet created the first "image" of a black hole with an accretion disk, using nothing but an early computer, math, and India ink, predicting that it could apply to the supermassive black hole in the core of the elliptical galaxy M87 <ref>http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1979A%26A....75..228L</ref>. In April 2019, the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] Consortium confirmed Luminet's predictions by providing the first telescopic image of the shadow of the M87* black hole and of its accretion disk.
[[File:Black hole - Messier 87.jpg|thumb|The first direct image of a black hole, imaged by the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] and published in April 2019]]In 1979, Luminet created the first "image" of a black hole with an accretion disk, using nothing but an early computer, math, and India ink, predicting that it could apply to the supermassive black hole in the core of the elliptical galaxy M87 <ref>http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1979A%26A....75..228L</ref>. In April 2019, the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] Consortium confirmed Luminet's predictions by providing the first telescopic image of the shadow of the M87* black hole and of its accretion disk.


In 1982, along with physicist [[Brandon Carter]], Luminet invented the concept of [[Tidal disruption event]], namely the destruction of a star passing in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole <ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Natur.296..211C</ref>. They showed that this phenomenon could result in the violent destruction of the star in the form of a "stellar pancake", causing a reactivation of nuclear reactions in the core of the star in the stage of its maximum compression. With other collaborators, Luminet later developed the model of tidal destruction, predicting specific observational signatures and introducing the concept of “tidal supernovae”. Finally, the theory of TDE was confirmed by the observation of spectacular eruptions resulting from the accretion of stellar debris by a massive object located in the heart of Active Galactic Nuclei such as NGC 5128 or NGC 4438, and even explains the superluminous supernova [[SN 2015L]], better known by the code name ASASSN-15lh, interpreted as the tidal explosion of a white dwarf just before being absorbed beneath the horizon of a massive black hole.
In 1982, along with physicist [[Brandon Carter]], Luminet invented the concept of [[Tidal disruption event]], namely the destruction of a star passing in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole <ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Natur.296..211C</ref>. They showed that this phenomenon could result in the violent destruction of the star in the form of a "stellar pancake", causing a reactivation of nuclear reactions in the core of the star in the stage of its maximum compression. With other collaborators, Luminet later developed the model of tidal destruction, predicting specific observational signatures and introducing the concept of “tidal supernovae”. The theory of TDE was confirmed by the observation of spectacular eruptions resulting from the accretion of stellar debris by a massive object located in the heart of Active Galactic Nuclei such as NGC 5128 or NGC 4438, and even explains the superluminous supernova [[SN 2015L]], better known by the code name ASASSN-15lh, interpreted as the tidal explosion of a white dwarf just before being absorbed beneath the horizon of a massive black hole.


In 1995, with his colleague Marc Lachièze-Rey, Luminet coined the term "Cosmic Topology" <ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PhR...254..135L/abstract</ref> for describing the shape of space, proposing a variety of multiply-connected universe models compatible with the standard [[Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric|Friedmann-Lemaître models of relativistic cosmology]].
In 1995, with his colleague Marc Lachièze-Rey, Luminet coined the term "Cosmic Topology" <ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PhR...254..135L/abstract</ref> for describing the shape of space, proposing a variety of multiply-connected universe models compatible with the standard [[Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric|Friedmann-Lemaître models of relativistic cosmology]].
Line 59: Line 59:
* In the field of music, Luminet collaborated in 1991 with [[Gérard Grisey]] (a former pupil of [[Olivier Messiaen]] and [[Henri Dutilleux]]) to produce a piece of cosmic music called ''Le Noir de l’Étoile''<ref>http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/8960/</ref> (''The Black of the Star''). This work for six percussionists, based on magnetic tape and astronomical signals coming from [[pulsar|pulsars,{{cn|date=May 2021}}]] has become a classic of contemporary music and is regularly performed around the world.
* In the field of music, Luminet collaborated in 1991 with [[Gérard Grisey]] (a former pupil of [[Olivier Messiaen]] and [[Henri Dutilleux]]) to produce a piece of cosmic music called ''Le Noir de l’Étoile''<ref>http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/8960/</ref> (''The Black of the Star''). This work for six percussionists, based on magnetic tape and astronomical signals coming from [[pulsar|pulsars,{{cn|date=May 2021}}]] has become a classic of contemporary music and is regularly performed around the world.
In 2011, he began a collaboration with [[Hèctor Parra]], who composed the orchestral piece ''Caressant l’horizon'' (''Caressing the Horizon'') inspired by Luminet's books. In 2017, Luminet wrote the scenario for Parra's ''Inscape''.<ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv180405832L/abstract</ref> Composed of an ensemble of 16 soloists, large orchestra, and electronics, the piece describes an Utopian voyage through a giant [[black hole]]. It was created in 2018 in Barcelona, Paris, and Köln.
In 2011, he began a collaboration with [[Hèctor Parra]], who composed the orchestral piece ''Caressant l’horizon'' (''Caressing the Horizon'') inspired by Luminet's books. In 2017, Luminet wrote the scenario for Parra's ''Inscape''.<ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv180405832L/abstract</ref> Composed of an ensemble of 16 soloists, large orchestra, and electronics, the piece describes an Utopian voyage through a giant [[black hole]]. It was created in 2018 in Barcelona, Paris, and Köln.
* In 1998, Luminet was a curator of the exhibition ''Figures du Ciel'' (''Figures of Heaven''),<ref>http://expositions.bnf.fr/ciel/anglais/ciel/index.htm</ref> coupled to the opening of the new [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (October 1998- January 1999)
* In 1998, Luminet was a curator of the exhibition ''Figures du Ciel'' (''Figures of Heaven''),<ref>http://expositions.bnf.fr/ciel/anglais/ciel/index.htm</ref> coupled to the opening of the new [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]. (October 1998- January 1999)


== Honors and recognition ==
== Honors and recognition ==
Luminet has received more than twenty prizes and honors, including:
Luminet has received more than twenty prizes and honors,{{Example needed|s|date=June 2021}} including:


* 1999 ― the asteroid [[5523 Luminet]] was named after him<ref>https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=5523#content</ref>
* 1999 ― the asteroid [[5523 Luminet]] was named after him.<ref>https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=5523#content</ref>


== Selected publications ==
== Selected publications ==


=== Popular science books (in French) ===
=== Science Books (in French) ===


* 1987 ''Les Trous Noirs'' <small>({{ISBN|2-02-015948-1}})</small>
* 1987 ''Les Trous Noirs'' <small>({{ISBN|2-02-015948-1}})</small>
Line 88: Line 88:
* 2020 : ''L’écume de l’espace-temps'' <small>({{ISBN|978-2738139719}})</small>
* 2020 : ''L’écume de l’espace-temps'' <small>({{ISBN|978-2738139719}})</small>


=== Popular science books (in English) ===
=== Science Books (in English) ===


* 1992 ''Black Holes'' (revised edition), Cambridge University Press
* 1992 ''Black Holes'' (revised edition), Cambridge University Press
Line 95: Line 95:
* 2008 ''The Wraparound Universe'', New York, AK Peters
* 2008 ''The Wraparound Universe'', New York, AK Peters


=== Novels and poetry (in French) ===
=== Novels and Poetry (in French) ===


* 1993 ''Noir soleil'' <small>({{ISBN|978-2-86274-275-5}})</small>
* 1993 ''Noir soleil'' <small>({{ISBN|978-2-86274-275-5}})</small>

Revision as of 05:02, 16 June 2021

Jean-Pierre Luminet
Jean-Pierre Luminet at Salon du Livre 2009 (Paris, France)
Born (1951-06-03) June 3, 1951 (age 73)
France
Alma materSaint-Charles University of Marseilles
Paris-Meudon Observatory
Paris University (PhD)
Known forFirst computer simulation of a black hole, Tidal disruption event
Scientific career
FieldsAstrophysics, cosmology
InstitutionsCNRS
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
Laboratoire Univers et Théories
Thesis (1977)
Doctoral advisorBrandon Carter

Jean-Pierre Luminet (born 3 June 1951) is a French astrophysicist, specializing in black holes and cosmology. He is also a writer and a poet. As a scientist he is an emeritus research director at the CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique). Dr. Luminet is a member of the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM) and Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH) of the Paris-Meudon Observatory, and is a visiting scientist at the Centre de Physique Théorique (CPT) in Marseilles.

He has been awarded several prizes on account of his work in pure science and science communication[examples needed]. In addition, he serves on the editorial board of Inference: The International Review of Science[1].

The asteroid 5523 Luminet, discovered in 1991 at Palomar Observatory, was aptly named after him.[2][3]

Luminet endeavours to make his research understandable to the non-scientific community. He has produced fifteen science books,[4] seven historical novels[5], TV documentaries[6], and six poetry collections. He is an artist, an engraver, a sculptor, and a musician [7]. In his music career, he has collaborated with composers such as Gérard Grisey[8] and Hèctor Parra[9]. Luminet's literary work has been translated into many languages [10].

Scientific career

In 1976, after studying Mathematics at the Saint-Charles University of Marseilles, he moved to Paris-Meudon Observatory to undertake a Ph.D. with Brandon Carter as his advisor. After a few months spent at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in Cambridge, England, where he met Stephen Hawking, in 1977, he defended his Ph.D. thesis at Paris University on the subject of Singularities in Cosmology. In 1979, Luminet got a permanent research position at the CNRS and developed his scientific activities at Paris Observatory until 2014, before joining the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille. During the interval, he was a visiting scientist at the University of São Paulo, Brazil (1984 and 1988), at the University of Berkeley, California (1989–1990) and a visiting astronomer at the European Southern Observatory, Chile (2005).

File:Luminet's Simulation of a Black Hole Accretion Disk.jpg
First computer simulation of a black hole with a thin accretion disk, calculated by J.-P. Luminet in 1978 (ref. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 75, 228, 1979)
The first direct image of a black hole, imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope and published in April 2019

In 1979, Luminet created the first "image" of a black hole with an accretion disk, using nothing but an early computer, math, and India ink, predicting that it could apply to the supermassive black hole in the core of the elliptical galaxy M87 [11]. In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope Consortium confirmed Luminet's predictions by providing the first telescopic image of the shadow of the M87* black hole and of its accretion disk.

In 1982, along with physicist Brandon Carter, Luminet invented the concept of Tidal disruption event, namely the destruction of a star passing in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole [12]. They showed that this phenomenon could result in the violent destruction of the star in the form of a "stellar pancake", causing a reactivation of nuclear reactions in the core of the star in the stage of its maximum compression. With other collaborators, Luminet later developed the model of tidal destruction, predicting specific observational signatures and introducing the concept of “tidal supernovae”. The theory of TDE was confirmed by the observation of spectacular eruptions resulting from the accretion of stellar debris by a massive object located in the heart of Active Galactic Nuclei such as NGC 5128 or NGC 4438, and even explains the superluminous supernova SN 2015L, better known by the code name ASASSN-15lh, interpreted as the tidal explosion of a white dwarf just before being absorbed beneath the horizon of a massive black hole.

In 1995, with his colleague Marc Lachièze-Rey, Luminet coined the term "Cosmic Topology" [13] for describing the shape of space, proposing a variety of multiply-connected universe models compatible with the standard Friedmann-Lemaître models of relativistic cosmology.

In 2003, large scale anomalies in the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background observed by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe led to the suggestion, by Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris and colleagues, that the shape of the universe is a finite dodecahedron, attached to itself by each pair of opposite faces to form a Poincaré homology sphere.[14] During the following years, astronomers searched for more evidence to support this hypothesis but found none.

Jean-Pierre Luminet is also a specialist in the history of cosmology and in particular the emergence of the concept of the Big Bang, emphasizing in several books and articles [15] the leading role played by the Belgian priest and cosmologist Georges Lemaître. In 2018, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) recommended that the so-called Hubble's law – which relates to the Universe's expansion and underpins modern cosmology – now be known as the Hubble-Lemaître law.

Now working with Quantum Gravity Theories, Luminet published a critical analysis of the Holographic principle and the AdS/CFT correspondence.


Artistic activities

  • In the field of visual arts, Luminet is devoted to drawing, engraving (learned with Jean Delpech at Ecole Polytechnique), and sculpture. A thorough analysis of his artwork has been done by Martin Kemp, Professor of Art History at Oxford University.[16][17]
  • In the field of music, Luminet collaborated in 1991 with Gérard Grisey (a former pupil of Olivier Messiaen and Henri Dutilleux) to produce a piece of cosmic music called Le Noir de l’Étoile[18] (The Black of the Star). This work for six percussionists, based on magnetic tape and astronomical signals coming from [[pulsar|pulsars,[citation needed]]] has become a classic of contemporary music and is regularly performed around the world.

In 2011, he began a collaboration with Hèctor Parra, who composed the orchestral piece Caressant l’horizon (Caressing the Horizon) inspired by Luminet's books. In 2017, Luminet wrote the scenario for Parra's Inscape.[19] Composed of an ensemble of 16 soloists, large orchestra, and electronics, the piece describes an Utopian voyage through a giant black hole. It was created in 2018 in Barcelona, Paris, and Köln.

  • In 1998, Luminet was a curator of the exhibition Figures du Ciel (Figures of Heaven),[20] coupled to the opening of the new Bibliothèque nationale de France. (October 1998- January 1999)

Honors and recognition

Luminet has received more than twenty prizes and honors,[examples needed] including:

Selected publications

Science Books (in French)

  • 1987 Les Trous Noirs (ISBN 2-02-015948-1)
  • 1994 La Physique et l'infini with Marc Lachièze-Rey (ISBN 2-08-035183-4)
  • 1998 Figures du Ciel with Marc Lachièze-Rey (ISBN 2-02-030768-5)
  • 1999 Eclipses, les rendez-vous célestes with Serge Brunier (ISBN 2-04-727256-4)
  • 2002 Le Feu du ciel : météores et astéroïdes tueurs (ISBN 2-7491-0030-5)
  • 2004 L'invention du Big Bang (ISBN 2-02-061148-1)
  • 2005 L'Univers chiffonné (ISBN 2-07-030052-8)
  • 2005 De l'infini with Marc Lachièze-Rey (ISBN 2-10-048674-8)
  • 2006 Le destin de l'univers : Trous noirs et énergie sombre (ISBN 2-213-63081-X)
  • 2009 Bonnes nouvelles des étoiles with Élisa Brune (ISBN 978-2-7381-2287-2)
  • 2011 Illuminations (ISBN 978-2-7381-2562-0)
  • 2012 Astéroïdes : la Terre en danger (ISBN 978-2-7491-1779-9)
  • 2015 L’univers en 100 questions (ISBN 979-1-0210-1654-5)
  • 2016 Dialogues sous le ciel étoilé with H. Reeves (ISBN 978-2221157305)
  • 2016 De l’infini – horizons cosmiques, multivers et vide quantique (augmented edition) with M. Lachièze-Rey (ISBN 978-2100794553)
  • 2019 Chroniques de l'espace (ISBN 978-2749162485)
  • 2020 : L’écume de l’espace-temps (ISBN 978-2738139719)

Science Books (in English)

  • 1992 Black Holes (revised edition), Cambridge University Press
  • 2001 Glorious Eclipses (with Serge Brunier), Cambridge University Press
  • 2001 Celestial Treasury (with M. Lachièze-Rey), Cambridge University Press
  • 2008 The Wraparound Universe, New York, AK Peters

Novels and Poetry (in French)

See also

References

  1. ^ "About". Inference: International Review of Science. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  2. ^ "Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)". IAU Minor Planet Center.
  3. ^ https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=5523#content
  4. ^ "Books by Jean-Pierre Luminet (Author of El incendio de Alejandría)". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  5. ^ "Books by Jean-Pierre Luminet (Author of El incendio de Alejandría)". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  6. ^ "Jean-Pierre Luminet". IMDb. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  7. ^ https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/series/poetique-de-linfini
  8. ^ http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/8960/
  9. ^ http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/42317/
  10. ^ https://luth.obspm.fr/~luminet/Books/romans.html
  11. ^ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1979A%26A....75..228L
  12. ^ https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Natur.296..211C
  13. ^ https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PhR...254..135L/abstract
  14. ^ Dumé, Belle (8 October 2003). "Is the universe a dodecahedron?". PhysicsWeb. Archived from the original on 2004-10-26.
  15. ^ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10714-013-1547-4
  16. ^ Martin Kemp, Luminet's Illuminations, Nature, Nov. 20, 2003, Vol. 426 p.232
  17. ^ Martin Kemp, Structural Intuitions : Seeing Shapes in Art and Science, University of Virginia Press (2016).
  18. ^ http://brahms.ircam.fr/works/work/8960/
  19. ^ https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv180405832L/abstract
  20. ^ http://expositions.bnf.fr/ciel/anglais/ciel/index.htm
  21. ^ https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=5523#content

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Luminet&oldid=1028812100"