Overton window: Difference between revisions
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==Summary== |
==Summary== |
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Overton described a spectrum from "more free" to "less free" with regard to government intervention, oriented vertically on an axis, to avoid comparison with the left/right political spectrum.<ref name="Glenn">{{Cite web |url= http://www.mackinac.org/11398 |title=Glenn Beck Highlights Mackinac Center's "Overton |
Overton described a spectrum from "more free" to "less free" with regard to government intervention, oriented vertically on an axis, to avoid comparison with the left/right political spectrum.<ref name="Glenn">{{Cite web |url= http://www.mackinac.org/11398 |title=Glenn Beck Highlights Mackinac Center's "Overton window" |last=Lehman |first=Joseph G. |date=23 November 2009 |publisher=[[Mackinac Center for Public Policy]] |access-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> As the spectrum moves or expands, an idea at a given location may become more or less politically acceptable. After Overton's death, his [[Mackinac Center for Public Policy]] colleague Joseph Lehman further developed the idea and named it after Overton.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/02/25/overton-window-explained-definition-meaning-217010 |title=How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase |last= Robertson |first=Derek |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> |
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Political commentator [[Joshua Treviño]] has postulated that the six degrees of acceptance of public ideas are roughly:<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2006/5/9/205251/2950 |title=Why the Right-Wing Gets It—and Why Dems Don't [updated] |last= thereisnospoon |date=10 May 2006 |website=[[Daily Kos]] |access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> |
Political commentator [[Joshua Treviño]] has postulated that the six degrees of acceptance of public ideas are roughly:<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2006/5/9/205251/2950 |title=Why the Right-Wing Gets It—and Why Dems Don't [updated] |last= thereisnospoon |date=10 May 2006 |website=[[Daily Kos]] |access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> |
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[[File:Overton Window.svg|thumb|350px|A new idea fills the window of what the public regards as unthinkable, causing the desired idea to shift into the window of what the public views as sensible, without its proponents necessarily having explained any benefits of the desired idea.{{Disputed-inline|Article needs an image|date=July 2012}}]] |
[[File:Overton Window.svg|thumb|350px|A new idea fills the window of what the public regards as unthinkable, causing the desired idea to shift into the window of what the public views as sensible, without its proponents necessarily having explained any benefits of the desired idea.{{Disputed-inline|Article needs an image|date=July 2012}}]] |
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The Overton |
The Overton window is an approach to identifying the ideas that define the spectrum of acceptability of governmental policies. Politicians can only act within the acceptable range. Shifting the Overton window involves proponents of policies outside the window persuading the public to expand the window. Proponents of current policies, or similar ones within the window, seek to convince people that policies outside it should be deemed unacceptable. According to Lehman, who coined the term, "The most common misconception is that lawmakers themselves are in the business of shifting the Overton window. That is absolutely false. Lawmakers are actually in the business of detecting where the window is, and then moving to be in accordance with it."<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/02/25/overton-window-explained-definition-meaning-217010 |title=How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase |last= Robertson |first=Derek |work= Politico|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> |
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According to Lehman, the concept is just a description of how ideas work, not advocacy of extreme policy proposals. In an interview with ''[[The New York Times]]'', he said, "It just explains how ideas come in and out of fashion, the same way that gravity explains why something falls to the earth. I can use gravity to drop an anvil on your head, but that would be wrong. I could also use gravity to throw you a life preserver; that would be good."<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/26/us/politics/overton-window-democrats.html |title=How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream |last=Astor |first= Maggie |work=New York Times|access-date= 10 September 2019}}</ref> The [[door-in-the-face technique|"door-in-the-face" technique]] of persuasion is similar. |
According to Lehman, the concept is just a description of how ideas work, not advocacy of extreme policy proposals. In an interview with ''[[The New York Times]]'', he said, "It just explains how ideas come in and out of fashion, the same way that gravity explains why something falls to the earth. I can use gravity to drop an anvil on your head, but that would be wrong. I could also use gravity to throw you a life preserver; that would be good."<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/26/us/politics/overton-window-democrats.html |title=How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream |last=Astor |first= Maggie |work=New York Times|access-date= 10 September 2019}}</ref> The [[door-in-the-face technique|"door-in-the-face" technique]] of persuasion is similar. |
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Revision as of 23:42, 18 June 2021
The Overton window is the range of policies politically acceptable to the mainstream population at a given time.[1] It is also known as the window of discourse. The term is named after American policy analyst Joseph P. Overton, who stated that an idea's political viability depends mainly on whether it falls within this range, rather than on politicians' individual preferences.[2][3] According to Overton, the window frames the range of policies that a politician can recommend without appearing too extreme to gain or keep public office given the climate of public opinion at that time.
Colin Mortimer, the Director of the Center for New Liberalism at the Progressive Policy Institute, has claimed that in the 21st century, the "Overton window" concept has been altered from its original form by political extremists, who have misinterpreted it as a strategy rather than a theorem.[4][unreliable source?] In particular, the term "Overton window" has been re-appropriated by alt-right white supremacists, as a gauge for the viability of their propaganda.[5][6][7] Ironically, Joseph Lehman, the man who originally coined the term and refined its definition, later admitted that he intended for it to demonstrate the extent to which political think tanks can alter public policy.
Summary
Overton described a spectrum from "more free" to "less free" with regard to government intervention, oriented vertically on an axis, to avoid comparison with the left/right political spectrum.[8] As the spectrum moves or expands, an idea at a given location may become more or less politically acceptable. After Overton's death, his Mackinac Center for Public Policy colleague Joseph Lehman further developed the idea and named it after Overton.[9]
Political commentator Joshua Treviño has postulated that the six degrees of acceptance of public ideas are roughly:[10]
- Unthinkable
- Radical
- Acceptable
- Sensible
- Popular
- Policy
The Overton window is an approach to identifying the ideas that define the spectrum of acceptability of governmental policies. Politicians can only act within the acceptable range. Shifting the Overton window involves proponents of policies outside the window persuading the public to expand the window. Proponents of current policies, or similar ones within the window, seek to convince people that policies outside it should be deemed unacceptable. According to Lehman, who coined the term, "The most common misconception is that lawmakers themselves are in the business of shifting the Overton window. That is absolutely false. Lawmakers are actually in the business of detecting where the window is, and then moving to be in accordance with it."[11]
According to Lehman, the concept is just a description of how ideas work, not advocacy of extreme policy proposals. In an interview with The New York Times, he said, "It just explains how ideas come in and out of fashion, the same way that gravity explains why something falls to the earth. I can use gravity to drop an anvil on your head, but that would be wrong. I could also use gravity to throw you a life preserver; that would be good."[12] The "door-in-the-face" technique of persuasion is similar.
In 1998, Noam Chomsky said:
The smart way to keep people passive and obedient is to strictly limit the spectrum of acceptable opinion, but allow very lively debate within that spectrum—even encourage the more critical and dissident views. That gives people the sense that there's free thinking going on, while all the time the presuppositions of the system are being reinforced by the limits put on the range of the debate.[13]
See also
References
- ^ Giridharadas, Anand (21 November 2019). "How America's Elites Lost Their Grip". Time. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ "Joseph P. Overton". Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ "A Brief Explanation of the Overton Window". Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ Mortimer, Colin. "The Myth of the Overton Window". Exponents. Exponents Magazine.
- ^ Nadler, Anthony (2019). News on the Right: Studying Conservative News Cultures. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN 9780190913540.
- ^ Reid, Shannon; Valasik, Matthew (2020). Alt Right Gangs: A Hazy Shade of White. University of California Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780520300446.
- ^ Mondon, Aurelien; Winter, Aaron (2020). Reactionary Democracy: How Racism and the Populist Far Right Became Mainstream. Verso Books. p. 127. ISBN 9781788734233.
- ^ Lehman, Joseph G. (23 November 2009). "Glenn Beck Highlights Mackinac Center's "Overton window"". Mackinac Center for Public Policy. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ Robertson, Derek. "How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase". Politico. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ thereisnospoon (10 May 2006). "Why the Right-Wing Gets It—and Why Dems Don't [updated]". Daily Kos. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ Robertson, Derek. "How an Obscure Conservative Theory Became the Trump Era's Go-to Nerd Phrase". Politico. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ Astor, Maggie. "How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream". New York Times. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ Chomsky, Noam (1998). The Common Good. Odonian Press.
Further reading
- Pilgrim, Mark (23 August 2006). "W3C and the Overton window". Dive into Mark. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
- Lehman, Joseph G. (8 April 2010). "An Introduction to the Overton Window of Political Possibility". Mackinac Center for Public Policy.
- Astor, Maggie (26 February 2019). "How the Politically Unthinkable Can Become Mainstream". The New York Times.