United States presidential inauguration: Difference between revisions
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|| [[March 3]], [[1877]] || [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] || Red Room, [[White House]] (privately) || [[Morrison Waite|Morrison R. Waite]]|| None<ref name="NoBook">Did not swear on any book.</ref> |
|| [[March 3]], [[1877]] || [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] || Red Room, [[White House]] (privately) || [[Morrison Waite|Morrison R. Waite]]|| None<ref name="NoBook">Did not swear on any book.</ref> |
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|| [[March 5]], [[1877]] || [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] || East Portico, U.S. Capitol (publicly) || [[Morrison Waite|Morrison R. Waite]]|| {{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=118|verse=11|range-13}}<ref name="USG"> </ref> |
|| [[March 5]], [[1877]] || [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] || East Portico, U.S. Capitol (publicly) || [[Morrison Waite|Morrison R. Waite]]|| {{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=118|verse=11|range=-13}}<ref name="USG"> </ref> |
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|| [[March 4]], [[1881]] || [[James A. Garfield]] || East Portico, U.S. Capitol || [[Morrison Waite|Morrison R. Waite]]|| {{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Proverbs|chapter=21|verse=1}}<ref name="USG"> </ref><ref name="JAG">One source (The Chicago Daily Tribune, Sept. 23, 1881, p. 5) says that Garfield and Arthur used the same passage, but does not indicate which one.</ref> |
|| [[March 4]], [[1881]] || [[James A. Garfield]] || East Portico, U.S. Capitol || [[Morrison Waite|Morrison R. Waite]]|| {{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Proverbs|chapter=21|verse=1}}<ref name="USG"> </ref><ref name="JAG">One source (The Chicago Daily Tribune, Sept. 23, 1881, p. 5) says that Garfield and Arthur used the same passage, but does not indicate which one.</ref> |
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Revision as of 01:52, 26 January 2007
The swearing-in of the President of the United States occurs upon the commencement of a new term of a President of the United States. The United States Constitution mandates that the President make the following oath or affirmation before he or she can "enter on the Execution" of the office of the presidency:
I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.
The swearing-in traditionally takes place at noon on Inauguration Day at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., with the Chief Justice of the United States administering the oath. From the presidency of Martin Van Buren through Jimmy Carter, the ceremony took place on the Capitol's East Portico. Since the 1981 inauguration of Ronald Reagan, the ceremony has been held at the Capitol's West Front. The inauguaration of William Howard Taft in 1909 and Reagan in 1985 were moved indoors at the Capitol due to cold weather. Until 1933, Inauguration Day was March 4. After 1933, Inauguration Day has occurred on January 20 (the 1933 ratification of the Twentieth Amendment changed the start date of the term). Since Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth swore in President John Adams, no Chief Justice has missed the Inauguration Day swearing-in. When Inauguration Day has fallen on a Sunday, the Chief Justice has administered the oath to the President on the preceding Saturday privately and the following Monday publicly. Eight presidential deaths and Richard Nixon's resignation have forced the oath of office to be administered by other officials on other days. The War of 1812 and World War II forced two swearing-ins to be held at other locations in Washington, D.C.
From 1789 through 2005, the swearing-in has been administered by 14 Chief Justices, one Associate Justice, three federal judges, two New York state judges, and one notary public. Though anyone legally authorized to administer an oath may swear in a President, to date the only person to do so that was not a judge was John C. Coolidge, Calvin Coolidge's father, a notary whose home the then-Vice President was visiting in 1923 when he learned of the death of President Warren G. Harding.
Details
Trivia
- The only President who has sworn in another President is William Howard Taft.
- Most presidents have taken the oath with their left hand on a Bible and some presidents have even selected a specific Biblical verse to place their hand on.
- Though Reagan's initial swearing-in at the White House for his second term is properly styled as "private" (since it was not open to the public), it was televised. The same location was used later in the day when, with a National Football League official present (and in uniform), Reagan made the televised coin toss to open Super Bowl XIX.
- President Zachary Taylor refused to take the inaugural oath on Inauguration Day, 1849, because it fell on a Sunday. He took the oath of office one day later, on March 5, 1849.
References
- ^ a b Individual named is the U.S. Chief Justice, unless otherwise indicated
- ^ a b Architect of the Capitol
- ^ a b http://www.eadshome.com/OathScripture.htm
- ^ a b http://www.beliefnet.com/features/presidents_bibles.html
- ^ Chancellor of the State of New York
- ^ Masonic Bible
- ^ Opened at random due to haste.
- ^ Bowen, Clarence W. The History of the Centennial Celebration of the Inauguration of George Washington, N.Y. 1892, p. 72
- ^ Supreme Court Associate Justice
- ^ Used a book of US law instead of a Bible [1]
- ^ Files of the Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress
- ^ a b Chief Judge of the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Columbia
- ^ Affirmed instead of swearing the oath.
- ^ Did not kiss Bible.
- ^ Opened at random.
- ^ Wright, John. Historic Bibles in America, N.Y. 1905, p. 46
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k List compiled by Clerk of the Supreme Court, 1939
- ^ a b c d Did not swear on any book.
- ^ a b One source (The Chicago Daily Tribune, Sept. 23, 1881, p. 5) says that Garfield and Arthur used the same passage, but does not indicate which one.
- ^ Judge, New York Supreme Court
- ^ Opened at random by Chief Justice
- ^ Bible given to him by Methodist church congregation
- ^ U.S. District Judge (Western District of New York)
- ^ His father, a notary public.
- ^ SAM 26000, this airplane's proper designation, is now at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. Officially, "Air Force One" is an air traffic control call sign for any U.S. Air Force aircraft carrying the President, though it has informally been extended to the aircraft maintained for that purpose (including SAM 26000).
- ^ U.S. District Judge (Northern District of Texas)
- ^ Used Missal
- ^ Mooney, Booth. The Lyndon Johnson Story, p. 1
External links
- Presidential Oaths of Office (Library of Congress)
- Bibles and Scripture Passages Used by Presidents in Taking the Oath of Office, Library of Congress
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