Alma-Ata Protocol: Difference between revisions

Alma-Ata Protocol
Type	Treaty establishing a founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
Signed	21 December 1991
Location	Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, Soviet Union
Effective	21 December 1991
Signatories	Russia: Boris Yeltsin; Ukraine: Leonid Kravchuk; Belarus: Stanislav Shushkevich; Armenia: Levon Ter-Petrosyan; Azerbaijan: Ayaz Mutallibov; Kazakhstan: Nursultan Nazarbayev; Kyrgyzstan: Askar Akayev; Moldova: Mircea Snegur; Tajikistan: Rahmon Nabiyev; Turkmenistan: Saparmurat Niyazov; Uzbekistan: Islam Karimov

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Revision as of 22:22, 11 July 2021

The Alma-Ata Protocols were the founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the Belovezha Accords on 8 December 1991, dissolving the Soviet Union and forming the CIS. On 21 December 1991, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistanagreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, joining the CIS. The latter agreement included the original three Belavezha signatories, as well as eight additional former Soviet republics. Georgia was the only former republic that did not participate while Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia refused to do so as according to their governments, the Baltic states were illegally incorporated into the USSR in 1940.^[1]

The protocols consisted of a declaration, three agreements and separate appendices. In addition, Marshal Yevgeny Shaposhnikov was confirmed as acting Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Separate treaty was signed between Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine "About mutual measures in regards to nuclear weapons".^[2]

Agreement on Councils of Heads of State and Government

A provisional agreement on the membership and conduct of Councils of Heads of State and Government was concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 30, 1991.

Agreement on Strategic Forces

Concluded between the 11 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 30, 1991.

Agreement on Armed Forces and Border Troops

Concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 30, 1991.

References

^ "THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION". Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Belarus / Appendix C. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2001-01-22.
^ (Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї). Verkhovna Rada. 21 December 1991

External links

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[1] "THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION". Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Belarus / Appendix C. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2001-01-22.

[2] (Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї). Verkhovna Rada. 21 December 1991

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-The '''Alma-Ata Protocols''' were the founding declarations and principles of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the [[Belovezha Accords]] on 8 December 1991, [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|dissolving the Soviet Union]] and forming the CIS.  On 21 December 1991, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, joining the CIS.  The latter agreement included the original three Belavezha signatories, as well as eight additional former Soviet republics. Georgia was the only former republic that did not participate while Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia refused to do so as according to their governments, the Baltic states were illegally incorporated into the USSR in 1940.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/belarus/by_appnc.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010122033300/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/belarus/by_appnc.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2001-01-22|title = THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION|website = Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Belarus / Appendix C|publisher = Library of Congress}}</ref>
+The '''Alma-Ata Protocols''' were the founding declarations and principles of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the [[Belovezha Accords]] on 8 December 1991, [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|dissolving the Soviet Union]] and forming the CIS.  On 21 December 1991, [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Russia]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Uzbekistan]]agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, joining the CIS.  The latter agreement included the original three Belavezha signatories, as well as eight additional former Soviet republics. Georgia was the only former republic that did not participate while Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia refused to do so as according to their governments, the Baltic states were illegally incorporated into the USSR in 1940.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/belarus/by_appnc.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010122033300/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/belarus/by_appnc.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2001-01-22|title = THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION|website = Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Belarus / Appendix C|publisher = Library of Congress}}</ref>
 The protocols consisted of a declaration, three agreements and separate appendices.  In addition, Marshal [[Yevgeny Shaposhnikov]] was confirmed as acting Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Separate treaty was signed between Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine "About mutual measures in regards to nuclear weapons".<ref>[https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/998_086 (Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї)]. [[Verkhovna Rada]]. 21 December 1991</ref>