Zond 3: Difference between revisions
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==Spacecraft design== |
==Spacecraft design== |
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The spacecraft was of the 3MV-4 type, similar to [[Zond 2]].<ref name="thespacereview.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2794/1 |title=The mission of Zond 3 |work=[[The Space Review]] |first=Andrew J. |last=LePage |date=July 27, 2015}}</ref> In addition to a 106.4 mm focal length {{f/|8}} imaging system for visible light photography and [[ultraviolet]] [[spectrometer|spectrometry]] at |
The spacecraft was of the 3MV-4 type, similar to [[Zond 2]].<ref name="thespacereview.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2794/1 |title=The mission of Zond 3 |work=[[The Space Review]] |first=Andrew J. |last=LePage |date=July 27, 2015}}</ref> In addition to a 106.4 mm focal length {{f/|8}} imaging system for visible light photography and [[ultraviolet]] [[spectrometer|spectrometry]] at 285-355 μm, it carried ultraviolet (190-275 μm) and [[infrared]] (3-4 μm) [[spectrophotometer]]s, radiation sensors ([[Geiger–Müller tube|gas-discharge]] and [[scintillation counter]]s), charged particle detector, [[magnetometer]], and [[micrometeoroid]] detector.<ref name="thespacereview.com" /><ref name="Huntress2011">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgl_C0XrKTUC&pg=PA130 |title=Soviet Robots in the Solar System: Mission Technologies and Discoveries |series=Springer-Praxis Books in Space Exploration |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |first1=Wesley T. |last1=Huntress, Jr. |first2=Mikhail Ya. |last2=Marov |pages=130–132 |date=2011 |isbn=978-1-4419-7897-4 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-7898-1}}</ref> It also had an experimental [[ion engine]]. |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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Revision as of 19:34, 20 July 2021
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| Mission type | Lunar science | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | OKB-1 | ||||||||||||||
| COSPAR ID | 1965-056A | ||||||||||||||
| SATCAT no. | 01454 | ||||||||||||||
| Mission duration | 228 days | ||||||||||||||
| Spacecraft properties | |||||||||||||||
| Spacecraft type | 3MV-4 | ||||||||||||||
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 | ||||||||||||||
| Launch mass | 960 kg (2,120 lb) | ||||||||||||||
| Start of mission | |||||||||||||||
| Launch date | July 18, 1965, 14:38 UTC | ||||||||||||||
| Rocket | Molniya SL-6/A-2-e | ||||||||||||||
| Launch site | Baikonur LC-1/5 | ||||||||||||||
| End of mission | |||||||||||||||
| Last contact | March 3, 1966[1] | ||||||||||||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||||||||||||
| Reference system | Heliocentric | ||||||||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.2683 | ||||||||||||||
| Perihelion altitude | 0.9 AU (130 million km) | ||||||||||||||
| Aphelion altitude | 1.56 AU (233 million km) | ||||||||||||||
| Inclination | 0.5° | ||||||||||||||
| Period | 500 days | ||||||||||||||
| Epoch | July 19, 1965, 20:00 UTC[2] | ||||||||||||||
| Flyby of Moon | |||||||||||||||
| Closest approach | July 20, 1965 | ||||||||||||||
| Distance | 9,219 km (5,728 mi) | ||||||||||||||
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Zond 3 was a 1965 space probe which performed a flyby of the Moon's far side,[3] taking a number of quality photographs for its time. It was a member of the Soviet Zond program while also being part of the Mars 3MV project. It was unrelated to Zond spacecraft designed for manned circumlunar missions (Soyuz 7K-L1). It is believed that Zond 3 was initially designed as a companion spacecraft to Zond 2 to be launched to Mars during the 1964 launch window. The opportunity to launch was missed, and the spacecraft was launched on a Mars-crossing trajectory as a spacecraft test, even though Mars was no longer attainable.
Spacecraft design
The spacecraft was of the 3MV-4 type, similar to Zond 2.[1] In addition to a 106.4 mm focal length f/8 imaging system for visible light photography and ultraviolet spectrometry at 285-355 μm, it carried ultraviolet (190-275 μm) and infrared (3-4 μm) spectrophotometers, radiation sensors (gas-discharge and scintillation counters), charged particle detector, magnetometer, and micrometeoroid detector.[1][4] It also had an experimental ion engine.
Operational history
Zond 3 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on July 18, 1965, at 14:38 UTC, and was deployed from a Tyazhely Sputnik (65-056B) Earth-orbiting platform towards the Moon and interplanetary space. This was a repeat of a mission that failed in late 1963 intended to test communication at distances equivalent to the distances experienced by Mars and Earth.[5]
Zond 3's lunar flyby occurred on July 20 with a closest approach of 9,219 km (5,728 mi),[1] approximately 35 hours after launch. 25 visible light photographs and 3 ultraviolet spectra of very good quality were taken of the lunar surface, beginning at 01:24 UTC and 11,570 km (7,190 mi) prior to closest approach and ending at 02:32 UTC and 9,960 km (6,190 mi) past closest approach, covering a period of 68 minutes.[1][6] The photos covered 19 million km2 (7.3 million sq mi) of the lunar surface.[7]
Zond 3 proceeded on a trajectory across Mars' orbit, but not at a time when planetary encounter would occur. These images were transmitted by radio frequency on July 29 at a distance of 2.25 million km (1.40 million mi). To test telemetry, the camera film was rewound and retransmitted in mid-August, mid-September, and finally on October 23 at a distance of 31.5 million km (19.6 million mi), thus proving the ability of the communications system.[1] The subsequent transmissions were also at progressively slower data rates but higher quality.[5] The mission was ended after radio contact ceased on March 3, 1966, when it was at a distance of 153.5 million km (95.4 million mi).[1][4] It operated for 228 days, roughly equivalent to the time needed to survive a journey to Mars and exceeding that needed for Venus.[1]
References
- This article was originally based on material from NASA (NSSDC) information on Zond 3
- ^ a b c d e f g h LePage, Andrew J. (July 27, 2015). "The mission of Zond 3". The Space Review.
- ^ "Zond 3 – Trajectory Details". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
- ^ Harvey, Brian (August 17, 2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-387-73976-2.
- ^ a b Huntress, Jr., Wesley T.; Marov, Mikhail Ya. (2011). Soviet Robots in the Solar System: Mission Technologies and Discoveries. Springer-Praxis Books in Space Exploration. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 130–132. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7898-1. ISBN 978-1-4419-7897-4.
- ^ a b Teitel, Amy Shira (July 18, 2013). "Zond 3: First to See Moon's Far Side on the Way to Mars". Discovery News. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016.
- ^ Siddiqi, Asif A. (June 2002). Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000. Monographs in Aerospace History. Vol. 24. NASA. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-16-067405-0. SP-2002-4524.
- ^ "Zond 3 - Details". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
External links
- Zond 3 at Zarya.info
- Soviet Moon Images at Mentallandscape.com
| Preceded by Zond 2 |
Zond program | Succeeded by None |
| 3MV based missions |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Soyuz 7K-L1/L1S | ||
| Other | ||