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A film adaptation of the story by [[Eric Heisserer]], titled ''[[Arrival (film)|Arrival]]'' and directed by [[Denis Villeneuve]], was released in 2016. It stars [[Amy Adams]], [[Jeremy Renner]], and [[Forest Whitaker]] and was nominated for eight [[Academy Awards]], including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]; it won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Sound Editing|Best Sound Editing]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jeremy-renner-joins-amy-adams-779876| title=Jeremy Renner Joins Amy Adams in Sci-Fi 'Story of Your Life'| magazine=The Hollywood Reporter | date=March 6, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Zutter|first1=Natalie|title=Your First Look at ''Arrival'', the Adaptation of Ted Chiang's Novella ''Story of Your Life''|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/08/08/first-look-arrival-amy-adams-jeremy-renner-ted-chiang/|website=TOR|publisher=[[tor.com]]|access-date=January 31, 2018|date=August 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OscarsVar">{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/2017-oscar-nominations-academy-awards-nominees-1201968107/ |title=Oscar Nominations: Complete List |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> The film also won the 2017 [[Ray Bradbury Award|Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation]] and the [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation]].<ref name=SFAB>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfadb.com/Nebula_Awards_2017 |title=Nebula Awards 2017 |work=Science Fiction Awards Database |publisher=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=May 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523200644/http://www.sfadb.com/Nebula_Awards_2017 |archive-date=May 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2017-hugo-awards/ |title=2017 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F2017-hugo-awards%2F&date=2017-08-11 |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
A film adaptation of the story by [[Eric Heisserer]], titled ''[[Arrival (film)|Arrival]]'' and directed by [[Denis Villeneuve]], was released in 2016. It stars [[Amy Adams]], [[Jeremy Renner]], and [[Forest Whitaker]] and was nominated for eight [[Academy Awards]], including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]; it won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Sound Editing|Best Sound Editing]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jeremy-renner-joins-amy-adams-779876| title=Jeremy Renner Joins Amy Adams in Sci-Fi 'Story of Your Life'| magazine=The Hollywood Reporter | date=March 6, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Zutter|first1=Natalie|title=Your First Look at ''Arrival'', the Adaptation of Ted Chiang's Novella ''Story of Your Life''|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/08/08/first-look-arrival-amy-adams-jeremy-renner-ted-chiang/|website=TOR|publisher=[[tor.com]]|access-date=January 31, 2018|date=August 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OscarsVar">{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/2017-oscar-nominations-academy-awards-nominees-1201968107/ |title=Oscar Nominations: Complete List |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> The film also won the 2017 [[Ray Bradbury Award|Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation]] and the [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation]].<ref name=SFAB>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfadb.com/Nebula_Awards_2017 |title=Nebula Awards 2017 |work=Science Fiction Awards Database |publisher=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=May 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523200644/http://www.sfadb.com/Nebula_Awards_2017 |archive-date=May 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2017-hugo-awards/ |title=2017 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F2017-hugo-awards%2F&date=2017-08-11 |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
"Story of Your Life" is narrated by [[Linguistics|linguist]] Dr. Louise Banks the day her daughter is conceived. Addressed to her daughter, the story alternates between recounting the past: the coming of the aliens and the deciphering of their language; and remembering the future: what will happen to her unborn daughter as she grows up, and the daughter's untimely death.

The aliens arrive in spaceships and enter Earth's orbit; 112 <!-- Please do not change this; 112 is correct; this is the novella, not the film --> devices resembling large semi-circular mirrors appear at sites across the globe. Dubbed "looking glasses", they are [[audiovisual]] links to the aliens in orbit, who are called heptapods for their seven-limbed [[Symmetry in biology#Radial symmetry|radially symmetrical]] appearance. Louise and [[physicist]] Dr. Gary Donnelly are recruited by the U.S. Army to communicate with the aliens, and are assigned to one of nine looking glass sites in the US. They make contact with two heptapods they nickname Flapper and Raspberry. In an attempt to learn their language, Louise begins by associating objects and gestures with sounds the aliens make, which reveals a language with [[Word order#Pragmatic word order|free word order]] and many levels of [[Center embedding|center-embedded]] clauses. She finds their writing to be chains of [[Determinative|semagram]]s on a two-dimensional surface in no linear sequence, and [[Semasiography|semasiographic]], having no reference to speech. Louise concludes that, because their speech and writing are unrelated, the heptapods have two languages, which she calls Heptapod A ([[Spoken language|speech]]) and Heptapod B ([[Written language|writing]]).

Attempts are also made to establish heptapod terminology in physics. Little progress is made, until a presentation of [[Fermat's principle|Fermat's Principle of Least Time]] is given. Gary explains the principle to Louise, giving the example of the [[refraction|refraction of light]], and that light will always take the fastest possible route. Louise reasons, "[a] ray of light has to know where it will ultimately end up before it can choose the direction to begin moving in."{{sfn|Chiang|2015a|p=101}} She knows the heptapods do not write a sentence one semagram at a time, but draw all the [[ideogram]]s simultaneously, suggesting they know what the entire sentence will be beforehand. Louise realizes that instead of experiencing events sequentially ([[causality]]), heptapods experience all events at once ([[teleology]]). This is reflected in their language, and explains why Fermat's principle came naturally to them.

Soon, Louise becomes quite proficient at Heptapod B, and finds that when writing in it, trains of thought are directionless, and premises and conclusions interchangeable. She finds herself starting to think in Heptapod B and begins to see time as heptapods do. Louise sees glimpses of her future and of a daughter she does not yet have. This raises questions about the nature of [[free will]]: knowledge of the future would imply no free will, because knowing the future means it cannot be changed. But Louise asks herself, "What if the experience of knowing the future changed a person? What if it evoked a sense of urgency, a sense of obligation to act precisely as she knew she would?"{{sfn|Chiang|2015a|p=106}}

One day, after an information exchange with the heptapods, the aliens announce they are leaving. They shut down the looking glasses and their ships disappear. It is never established why they leave, or why they had come in the first place.


==Background==
==Background==

Revision as of 10:09, 26 July 2021

This article is about the Ted Chiang novella. For the film adaptation, see Arrival (film). For the Ted Chiang anthology, see Stories of Your Life and Others. For the Matthew West album, see The Story of Your Life.

"Story of Your Life"
Short story by Ted Chiang
Illustration for "Story of Your Life" by Hidenori Watanabe for S-F Magazine
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Genre(s)Science fiction
Publication
Published inStarlight 2
Publication typeAnthology
PublisherTor Books
Publication dateNovember 1998

"Story of Your Life" is a science fiction novella by American writer Ted Chiang, first published in Starlight 2 in 1998, and in 2002 in Chiang's collection of short stories, Stories of Your Life and Others. Its major themes are language and determinism.

"Story of Your Life" won the 2000 Nebula Award for Best Novella, as well as the 1999 Theodore Sturgeon Award. It was nominated for the 1999 Hugo Award for Best Novella. The novella has been translated into Italian, Japanese, French and German.[1]

A film adaptation of the story by Eric Heisserer, titled Arrival and directed by Denis Villeneuve, was released in 2016. It stars Amy Adams, Jeremy Renner, and Forest Whitaker and was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture; it won the award for Best Sound Editing.[2][3][4] The film also won the 2017 Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.[5][6]

Plot

"Story of Your Life" is narrated by linguist Dr. Louise Banks the day her daughter is conceived. Addressed to her daughter, the story alternates between recounting the past: the coming of the aliens and the deciphering of their language; and remembering the future: what will happen to her unborn daughter as she grows up, and the daughter's untimely death.

The aliens arrive in spaceships and enter Earth's orbit; 112 devices resembling large semi-circular mirrors appear at sites across the globe. Dubbed "looking glasses", they are audiovisual links to the aliens in orbit, who are called heptapods for their seven-limbed radially symmetrical appearance. Louise and physicist Dr. Gary Donnelly are recruited by the U.S. Army to communicate with the aliens, and are assigned to one of nine looking glass sites in the US. They make contact with two heptapods they nickname Flapper and Raspberry. In an attempt to learn their language, Louise begins by associating objects and gestures with sounds the aliens make, which reveals a language with free word order and many levels of center-embedded clauses. She finds their writing to be chains of semagrams on a two-dimensional surface in no linear sequence, and semasiographic, having no reference to speech. Louise concludes that, because their speech and writing are unrelated, the heptapods have two languages, which she calls Heptapod A (speech) and Heptapod B (writing).

Attempts are also made to establish heptapod terminology in physics. Little progress is made, until a presentation of Fermat's Principle of Least Time is given. Gary explains the principle to Louise, giving the example of the refraction of light, and that light will always take the fastest possible route. Louise reasons, "[a] ray of light has to know where it will ultimately end up before it can choose the direction to begin moving in."[7] She knows the heptapods do not write a sentence one semagram at a time, but draw all the ideograms simultaneously, suggesting they know what the entire sentence will be beforehand. Louise realizes that instead of experiencing events sequentially (causality), heptapods experience all events at once (teleology). This is reflected in their language, and explains why Fermat's principle came naturally to them.

Soon, Louise becomes quite proficient at Heptapod B, and finds that when writing in it, trains of thought are directionless, and premises and conclusions interchangeable. She finds herself starting to think in Heptapod B and begins to see time as heptapods do. Louise sees glimpses of her future and of a daughter she does not yet have. This raises questions about the nature of free will: knowledge of the future would imply no free will, because knowing the future means it cannot be changed. But Louise asks herself, "What if the experience of knowing the future changed a person? What if it evoked a sense of urgency, a sense of obligation to act precisely as she knew she would?"[8]

One day, after an information exchange with the heptapods, the aliens announce they are leaving. They shut down the looking glasses and their ships disappear. It is never established why they leave, or why they had come in the first place.

Background

In the "Story Notes" section of Stories of Your Life and Others, Chiang writes that inspiration for "Story of Your Life" came from his fascination in the variational principle in physics. When he saw American actor Paul Linke's performance in his play Time Flies When You’re Alive, about his wife's struggle with breast cancer, Chiang realized he could use this principle to show how someone deals with the inevitable.[9] Regarding the theme of the story, Chiang said that Kurt Vonnegut summed it up in his introduction in the 25th anniversary edition of his novel Slaughterhouse-Five:

Stephen Hawking ... found it tantalizing that we could not remember the future. But remembering the future is child's play for me now. I know what will become of my helpless, trusting babies because they are grown-ups now. I know how my closest friends will end up because so many of them are retired or dead now ... To Stephen Hawking and all others younger than myself I say: 'Be patient. Your future will come to you and lie down at your feet like a dog who knows and likes you no matter what you are.'[9]

In a 2010 interview Chiang said that "Story of Your Life" addresses the subject of free will. The philosophical debates about whether or not we have free will are all abstract, but knowing the future makes the question very real. Chiang added, "If you know what's going to happen, can you keep it from happening? Even when a story says that you can't, the emotional impact arises from the feeling that you should be able to."[10]

Chiang spent five years researching and familiarizing himself in the field of linguistics before attempting to write "Story of Your Life."[11]

Reception

In The New York Review of Books American author James Gleick said that "Story of Your Life" poses the questions: would knowing your future be a gift or a curse, and is free will simply an illusion? Gleick wrote "For us ordinary mortals, the day-to-day experience of a preordained future is almost unimaginable", but Chiang does just that in this story, he "imagine[s] it".[12] In a review of Chiang's Stories of Your Life and Others in The Guardian, English fantasy author China Miéville described "Story of Your Life" as "tender" with an "astonishingly moving culmination", which he said is "surprising" considering it is achieved using science.[13]

Writing in Kirkus Reviews Ana Grilo called it a "thought-provoking, beautiful story".[14] He said that in contrast to the familiar fare of lavish stories involving aliens, "Story of Your Life" is "a breath of fresh air" whose objective "is to not only to learn how to communicate but how to communicate effectively."[14] In a review in Entertainment Monthly Samantha Schraub said that the story's two narratives, Louise recalling the unraveling of the heptapods' language, and telling her yet-to-be-born daughter what will happen to her, creates "an ambiguity and air of mystery, which make the reader question everything that unfolds".[15] Schraub called it "an award-worthy science fiction novella that will resonate with readers, and leave them thinking how they would live—or even change—their present, if they knew their future."[15]

Awards

Award Year Result
Nebula Award for Best Novella 2000 Won[16]
Theodore Sturgeon Award 1999 Won[17]
Hugo Award for Best Novella 1999 Nominated[18]
Locus Award for Best Novella 1999 Ranked 10th[19]
James Tiptree Jr. Award 1998 Shortlisted[20]

Publication history

Date Title Author/Editor Language Type
November 1998 Starlight 2 Patrick Nielsen Hayden English Anthology
June 1999 The Year's Best Science Fiction: Sixteenth Annual Collection Gardner Dozois English Anthology
June 1999 Year's Best SF 4 David G. Hartwell English Anthology
August 1999 The Mammoth Book of the Best New Science Fiction 12 Gardner Dozois English Anthology
September 1999 Strani universi 2 Piergiorgio Nicolazzini Italian Anthology
May 2000 Al suono di una musica aliena David G. Hartwell Italian Anthology
April 2001 Nebula Awards Showcase 2001 Robert Silverberg English Anthology
July 2002 Stories of Your Life and Others Ted Chiang English Collection
February 2005 The Best of the Best: 20 Years of the Year's Best Science Fiction Gardner Dozois English Anthology
November 2007 A Science Fiction Omnibus Brian Aldiss English Anthology
March 2008 The Mammoth Book of the Best of the Best New SF Gardner Dozois English Anthology
November 2009 Il meglio della SF / II. L'Olimpo dei classici moderni Gardner Dozois Italian Anthology
December 2012 Lightspeed John Joseph Adams English Magazine
July 2016 The Big Book of Science Fiction: The Ultimate Collection Ann VanderMeer, Jeff VanderMeer English Anthology

References

  1. ^ a b "Story of Your Life". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  2. ^ "Jeremy Renner Joins Amy Adams in Sci-Fi 'Story of Your Life'". The Hollywood Reporter. March 6, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  3. ^ Zutter, Natalie (August 8, 2016). "Your First Look at Arrival, the Adaptation of Ted Chiang's Novella Story of Your Life". TOR. tor.com. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  4. ^ "Oscar Nominations: Complete List". Variety. January 24, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  5. ^ "Nebula Awards 2017". Science Fiction Awards Database. Locus. Archived from the original on May 23, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  6. ^ "2017 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
  7. ^ Chiang 2015a, p. 101.
  8. ^ Chiang 2015a, p. 106.
  9. ^ a b Chiang 2015b, p. 223.
  10. ^ Solomon, Avi (January 29, 2014). "Stories of Ted Chiang's Life and Others: An interview with the wisest, smartest scifi writer there is". Medium.com. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  11. ^ Ulaby, Neda (November 11, 2016). "'Arrival' Author's Approach To Science Fiction? Slow, Steady And Successful". NPR.org. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  12. ^ Gleick, James (January 19, 2017). "When They Came from Another World". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  13. ^ Miéville, China (April 24, 2004). "Stories of Your Life". The Guardian. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  14. ^ a b Grilo, Ana (November 25, 2016). "Contrast and Compare: Arrival and 'Story of Your Life'". Kirkus Reviews. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  15. ^ a b Schraub, Samantha (December 13, 2016). "Review: "Story of Your Life"". Emertainment Monthly. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  16. ^ ""Story of Your Life" by Ted Chiang, Winner, Best Novella in 1999". nebulas.sfwa.org. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  17. ^ "Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award 1999". Science Fiction Awards Database. Locus. Archived from the original on April 23, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  18. ^ "1999 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  19. ^ "Locus Awards 1999". Science Fiction Awards Database. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  20. ^ "1998 Award Winners & Nomineess". Worlds Without End. Retrieved April 4, 2017.

Works cited

Wikiquote has quotations related to Ted Chiang.
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