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{{short description|Families from Ancient Rome who shared the Annius nomen}}
{{short description|Families from Ancient Rome who shared the Annius nomen}}
[[File:C. Annius T.f. T.n %26 L. Fabius L.f. Hispaniensis. Silver Denarius.jpg|thumb|[[Denarius]] of Gaius Annius, minted c. 81 BC, on his way to fight [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorius]]. The obverse depicts Anna Perenna.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 381-386.</ref>|250x250px]]
[[File:C. Annius T.f. T.n %26 L. Fabius L.f. Hispaniensis. Silver Denarius.jpg|thumb|[[Denarius]] of Gaius Annius, minted c. 81 BC, on his way to fight [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorius]]. The obverse depicts Anna Perenna.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 381-386.</ref>|250x250px]]
The '''gens Annia''' was a [[plebs|plebeian]] family at [[ancient Rome]]. [[Livy]] mentions a [[Lucius Annius]], [[praetor]] of the Roman colony of [[Sezze|Setia]], in 340 BC, and other Annii are mentioned at Rome during this period. Members of this [[gens]] held various positions of authority from the time of the [[Second Punic War]], and [[Titus Annius Luscus (consul 153 BC)|Titus Annius Luscus]] attained the [[Roman consul|consulship]] in 153 BC. In the second century AD, the Annii gained the [[Roman Empire|Empire]] itself; [[Marcus Aurelius]] was descended from this family.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, pp. 180 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Annia gens|Annia Gens]]"), 439–443 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Aurelius|Aurelius]]", "[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Marcus Aurelius Antoninus|Marcus Aurelius Antoninus]]").</ref>
The '''gens Annia''' was a [[plebeian]] family at [[ancient Rome]]. [[Livy]] mentions a [[Lucius Annius]], [[praetor]] of the Roman colony of [[Sezze|Setia]], in 340 BC, and other Annii are mentioned at Rome during this period. Members of this [[gens]] held various positions of authority from the time of the [[Second Punic War]], and [[Titus Annius Luscus (consul 153 BC)|Titus Annius Luscus]] attained the [[Roman consul|consulship]] in 153 BC. In the second century AD, the Annii gained the [[Roman Empire|Empire]] itself; [[Marcus Aurelius]] was descended from this family.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, pp. 180 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Annia gens|Annia Gens]]"), 439–443 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Aurelius|Aurelius]]", "[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Marcus Aurelius Antoninus|Marcus Aurelius Antoninus]]").</ref>


==Origin==
==Origin==
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* Titus Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus, surnamed ''Rufus'', consul in 128 BC.<ref>''[[Fasti Capitolini]]'', {{AE|1927|101}}; 1940, 59, 60.</ref>
* Titus Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus, surnamed ''Rufus'', consul in 128 BC.<ref>''[[Fasti Capitolini]]'', {{AE|1927|101}}; 1940, 59, 60.</ref>
* [[Gaius Annius Luscus|Gaius Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus]], commander of the garrison at [[Leptis Magna]] under [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus|Metellus Numidicus]] during the [[Jugurthine War]] in 108 BC, and later sent by [[Sulla]] against [[Sertorius]] in 81, whom he compelled to retire to [[Cartagena, Spain|Carthago Nova]].<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 77.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Sertorius", 7.</ref>
* [[Gaius Annius Luscus|Gaius Annius T. f. T. n. Luscus]], commander of the garrison at [[Leptis Magna]] under [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus|Metellus Numidicus]] during the [[Jugurthine War]] in 108 BC, and later sent by [[Sulla]] against [[Sertorius]] in 81, whom he compelled to retire to [[Cartagena, Spain|Carthago Nova]].<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 77.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Sertorius", 7.</ref>
* Annia T. f. T. n., the wife of [[Gaius Papius Celsus]] and mother of [[Titus Annius Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]].<ref name="DGRBM Milo"/>
* Annia T. f. T. n., the wife of [[Gaius Papius Celsus]] and mother of [[Titus Annius Milo]].<ref name="DGRBM Milo"/>
* [[Titus Annius Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]], the son of Celsus and Annia, was adopted by his grandfather, Titus Annius Luscus, whose name he assumed. He was [[tribune of the plebs]] in 57 BC, and became a staunch opponent of [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]], for whose murder he was unsuccessfully defended by Cicero in 52.<ref name="DGRBM Milo">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 1085, 1086 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Titus Annius Papianus Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]]").</ref>
* [[Titus Annius Milo|Titus Annius T. f. Milo]], the son of Celsus and Annia, was adopted by his grandfather, Titus Annius Luscus, whose name he assumed. He was [[tribune of the plebs]] in 57 BC, and became a staunch opponent of [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]], for whose murder he was unsuccessfully defended by Cicero in 52.<ref name="DGRBM Milo">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 1085, 1086 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Titus Annius Papianus Milo|Titus Annius Papianus Milo]]").</ref>


===Annii Bellieni===
===Annii Bellieni===
* Lucius Annius C. f. Bellienus, praetor in 105 BC, served under [[Gaius Marius]] in the war against [[Jugurtha]] and [[Bocchus I|Bocchus]].<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 104.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 551, 552 (note 3).</ref>
* Lucius Annius C. f. Bellienus, praetor in 105 BC, served under [[Gaius Marius]] in the war against [[Jugurtha]] and [[Bocchus I|Bocchus]].<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Jugurthinum'', 104.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 551, 552 (note 3).</ref>
* Gaius Annius Bellienus, legate of Marcus Fonteius in [[Gallia Narbonensis]], ''circa'' 74 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Fonteio'' 4.</ref>
* Gaius Annius Bellienus, legate of Marcus Fonteius in [[Gallia Narbonensis]], ''circa'' 74 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Fonteio'' 4.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, uncle of [[Catiline]], ordered by Sulla to kill [[Quintus Lucretius Afella]], and condemned in 64 BC.<ref>[[Asconius Pedianus|Quintus Asconius Pedianus]], ''in Toga Candida'' p. 92, ed. Orelli.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, uncle of [[Catiline]], ordered by Sulla to kill [[Quintus Lucretius Afella]], and condemned in 64 BC.<ref>[[Asconius Pedianus]], ''in Toga Candida'' p. 92, ed. Orelli.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, whose house was burnt down after the murder of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] in 44 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Philippicae'' ii. 36.</ref>
* Lucius Annius Bellienus, whose house was burnt down after the murder of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] in 44 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Philippicae'' ii. 36.</ref>


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===Others===
===Others===
* [[Lucius Annius]], [[praetor]] of [[Sezze|Setia]] in 340 BC, demanded equality for the Latins.
* [[Lucius Annius]], [[praetor]] of [[Sezze|Setia]] in 340 BC, demanded equality for the Latins.
*Lucius Annius, a senator in 307 BC, who was expelled from the senate by the censors.<ref>Valerius Maximus, ii. 9 § 2. Some manuscripts give him the name of L. Antonius, but Syme restored his name.</ref><ref>Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55.</ref>
* Lucius Annius, a senator in 307 BC, who was expelled from the senate by the censors.<ref>Valerius Maximus, ii. 9 § 2. Some manuscripts give him the name of L. Antonius, but Syme restored his name.</ref><ref>Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55.</ref>
* Annius, a [[freedman]], and reportedly the father of [[Gnaeus Flavius (jurist)|Gnaeus Flavius]], [[aedile|curule aedile]] in 304 BC.<ref>Aulus Gellius, vii. 9.</ref><ref>Livy, ix. 46.</ref>
* Annius, a [[freedman]], and reportedly the father of [[Gnaeus Flavius (jurist)|Gnaeus Flavius]], [[aedile|curule aedile]] in 304 BC.<ref>Aulus Gellius, vii. 9.</ref><ref>Livy, ix. 46.</ref>
* Gaius Annius C. f., a quaestor or praetor during the third century BC.<ref>''CIL'' 1<sup>2</sup>.20</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 462, 474.</ref>
* Gaius Annius C. f., a quaestor or praetor during the third century BC.<ref>''CIL'' 1<sup>2</sup>.20</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 462, 474.</ref>
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* [[Lucius Annius Vinicianus]], one of the men involved in the assassination of [[Caligula]].<ref>Josephus, ''Antiquitates Judaicae'' xviii. 20.</ref>
* [[Lucius Annius Vinicianus]], one of the men involved in the assassination of [[Caligula]].<ref>Josephus, ''Antiquitates Judaicae'' xviii. 20.</ref>
* Gaius Annius Pollio, consul ''suffectus'' circa AD 66. An intimate friend of [[Nero]], banished after being accused of participating in [[Pisonian conspiracy|the conspiracy]] of [[Gaius Calpurnius Piso]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'' xv. 56, 71, xvi. 30.</ref>
* Gaius Annius Pollio, consul ''suffectus'' circa AD 66. An intimate friend of [[Nero]], banished after being accused of participating in [[Pisonian conspiracy|the conspiracy]] of [[Gaius Calpurnius Piso]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'' xv. 56, 71, xvi. 30.</ref>
* [[Lucius Annius Vinicianus (son-in-law of Cn. Domitius Corbulo)|Lucius Annius L. f. Vinicianus]], son of the Vinicianus who conspired against Caligula, was involved in a plot against Nero. He took his own life rather than defend himself.
* [[Annius Vinicianus (condemned by Nero)|Annius L. f. Vinicianus]], son of the conspirator against Caligula, was involved in a plot against Nero. He took his own life rather than defend himself.
* Annius Faustus, a man of [[Equestrian order|equestrian]] rank, and one of the informers (''delatores'') in the reign of [[Nero]], was condemned by the Senate in AD 69, on the accusation of [[Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus|Vibius Crispus]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'' ii. 10.</ref>
* Annius Faustus, a man of [[Equestrian order|equestrian]] rank, and one of the informers (''delatores'') in the reign of [[Nero]], was condemned by the Senate in AD 69, on the accusation of [[Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus|Vibius Crispus]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'' ii. 10.</ref>
* [[Marcus Annius Afrinus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 66.
* [[Marcus Annius Afrinus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 66.
* [[Appius Annius Gallus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 67 and Roman general under the emperors [[Otho]] and [[Vespasian]].
* [[Appius Annius Gallus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 67 and Roman general under the emperors [[Otho]] and [[Vespasian]].
* Annius Bassus, commander of a [[Roman legion|legion]] under [[Marcus Antonius Primus]] in AD 70.<ref>[[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''Historiae'' iii. 50.</ref>
* Annius Bassus, commander of a [[Roman legion|legion]] under [[Marcus Antonius Primus]] in AD 70.<ref>[[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''Historiae'' iii. 50.</ref>
* [[Publius Annius Florus]], a poet and rhetorician from the time of [[Domitian]] to [[Hadrian]], wrote a dialogue titled ''Vergilius orator an poeta''. He is possibly identical with the historian Annaeus Florus.{{sfn|''RE''|loc=vol. 1.2, cols. 2266–2268 ([[s:de:RE:Annius 47|Annius 47]])}}
* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 108)|Appius Annius (Ap. f.) Trebonius Gallus]], perhaps the son of Appius Annius Gallus, the consul of AD 67; consul in 108.<ref name="Birley, p. 112">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 112</ref>
* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 108)|Appius Annius (Ap. f.) Trebonius Gallus]], perhaps the son of Appius Annius Gallus, the consul of AD 67; consul in 108.<ref name="Birley, p. 112">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 112</ref>
* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 139)|Appius Annius Ap. f. (Ap. n.) Trebonius Gallus]], consul in AD 139.<ref name="Pomeroy">Pomeroy, ''The murder of Regilla''.</ref><ref name="Birley, p. 114">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 114.</ref> father of:
* [[Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus (consul 139)|Appius Annius Ap. f. (Ap. n.) Trebonius Gallus]], consul in AD 139.<ref name="Pomeroy">Pomeroy, ''The murder of Regilla''.</ref><ref name="Birley, p. 114">Birley, ''The Roman government of Britain'' p. 114.</ref> father of:
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=y}}
* [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', ''[[Philippicae]]'', ''Pro Fonteio''.
* [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', ''[[Philippicae]]'', ''Pro Fonteio''.
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus ([[Sallust]]), ''Bellum Jugurthinum'' (The Jugurthine War), ''Bellum Catilinae'' (The Conspiracy of Catiline).
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus ([[Sallust]]), ''Bellum Jugurthinum'' (The Jugurthine War), ''Bellum Catilinae'' (The Conspiracy of Catiline).

Revision as of 18:44, 1 August 2021

Denarius of Gaius Annius, minted c. 81 BC, on his way to fight Sertorius. The obverse depicts Anna Perenna.[1]

The gens Annia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Livy mentions a Lucius Annius, praetor of the Roman colony of Setia, in 340 BC, and other Annii are mentioned at Rome during this period. Members of this gens held various positions of authority from the time of the Second Punic War, and Titus Annius Luscus attained the consulship in 153 BC. In the second century AD, the Annii gained the Empire itself; Marcus Aurelius was descended from this family.[2]

Origin

The Annii claimed a descent from the goddess Anna Perenna, the sister of Dido, portrayed on the coins of Gaius Annius Luscus.[3] The nomen Annius was classified by Chase as one of Picentine origin, while the first of the Annii appearing in history (in 340 BC) was praetor of Setia, originally a Volscian town, captured by the Romans in 382 BC. Both the Picentes and the Volsci spoke Umbrian languages, so it may be that Annius was a member of an old Volscian family, rather than one of the Latin colonists, on whose behalf he spoke.[4][5] It seems the gens acquired the citizenship soon after, since a Roman senator named Annius is recorded a generation later.

Praenomina

The main families of the Annii at Rome used the praenomina Titus, Marcus, Lucius, and Gaius. Other names occur infrequently, although in imperial times several of the Annii used Appius, an otherwise uncommon praenomen chiefly associated with the Claudii.

Branches and cognomina

A number of Annii during the Republic bore no cognomen. The main family of the Annii was surnamed Luscus, "bleary-eyed" or, "one-eyed". One member of this family bore the additional surname Rufus, probably in reference to his red hair.[6][7] A variety of surnames were borne by individual Annii, including Asellus, a diminutive of asinus, a donkey; Bassus, stout; Cimber, one of the Cimbri; Faustus, fortunate; Gallus, a Gaul or cockerel; and Pollio, a polisher.[8][9] Bellienus or Billienus, sometimes described as a cognomen of the Annii, was in fact a separate gens, although Cicero refers to a Gaius Annius Bellienus; it is not certain which of the Bellieni mentioned below actually belong to the Annia gens.[10]

Members

This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

Annii Lusci

Annii Bellieni

Annii Veri

Others

See also

References

  1. ^ Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, pp. 381-386.
  2. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, pp. 180 ("Annia Gens"), 439–443 ("Aurelius", "Marcus Aurelius Antoninus").
  3. ^ Babelon, Monnaies de la République romaine, vol. I, p. 139.
  4. ^ Chase, p. 128.
  5. ^ Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd Ed., p. 1131 ("Volsci").
  6. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 842, 843 ("Luscus", "Annius Luscus").
  7. ^ Chase, pp. 109, 110.
  8. ^ Chase, p. 110–112, 114.
  9. ^ New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Cimber.
  10. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, p. 481 ("Bellienus").
  11. ^ Livy, xxi. 25.
  12. ^ Livy, xlii. 25, xliii. 17.
  13. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Tiberius Gracchus", 14.
  14. ^ Fasti Capitolini, AE 1927, 101; 1940, 59, 60.
  15. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 77.
  16. ^ Plutarch, "The Life of Sertorius", 7.
  17. ^ a b Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 1085, 1086 ("Titus Annius Papianus Milo").
  18. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 104.
  19. ^ Broughton, vol. I, pp. 551, 552 (note 3).
  20. ^ Cicero, Pro Fonteio 4.
  21. ^ Asconius Pedianus, in Toga Candida p. 92, ed. Orelli.
  22. ^ Cicero, Philippicae ii. 36.
  23. ^ Valerius Maximus, ii. 9 § 2. Some manuscripts give him the name of L. Antonius, but Syme restored his name.
  24. ^ Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55.
  25. ^ Aulus Gellius, vii. 9.
  26. ^ Livy, ix. 46.
  27. ^ CIL 12.20
  28. ^ Broughton, vol. II, pp. 462, 474.
  29. ^ Valerius Maximus, vi. 4. § 1.
  30. ^ Livy, xxiii. 6, 22.
  31. ^ a b SIG, 688.
  32. ^ Sherk, "Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno", p. 367.
  33. ^ SIG, 700.
  34. ^ Broughton, vol. I, p. 526.
  35. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 37.
  36. ^ Valerius Maximus, ix. 2. § 2.
  37. ^ Appian, Bellum Civile, i. 72.
  38. ^ Velleius Paterculus, ii. 41.
  39. ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, In Verrem i. 41 ff.
  40. ^ a b c Broughton, vol. II, p. 478.
  41. ^ Syme, "Missing Senators", p. 55. Syme explains that the praenomen Gaius found in the manuscript of Cicero is a mistake, as the other mentions of his name in the rest of the book mention him as Publius.
  42. ^ Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae, 17, 50.
  43. ^ Broughton, vol. II, p. 479.
  44. ^ Sutherland, Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. I, p. 74.
  45. ^ CIL VI, 7395 = ILS 7852
  46. ^ Tacitus, Annales vi. 9
  47. ^ CIL VI, 14221
  48. ^ Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae xviii. 20.
  49. ^ Tacitus, Annales xv. 56, 71, xvi. 30.
  50. ^ Tacitus, Historiae ii. 10.
  51. ^ Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Historiae iii. 50.
  52. ^ RE, vol. 1.2, cols. 2266–2268 (Annius 47).
  53. ^ a b Birley, The Roman government of Britain p. 112
  54. ^ a b c Pomeroy, The murder of Regilla.
  55. ^ a b Birley, The Roman government of Britain p. 114.
  56. ^ de:Appius Annius Atilius Bradua

Bibliography