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In [[Unix-like]] and some other [[operating system]]s, the <code>'''pwd'''</code> [[command (computing)|command]] ('''''p'''rint '''w'''orking '''d'''irectory'')<ref name="minix">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/minix/1/pwd/|title=pwd(1) [minix man page]|website=www.unix.com}}</ref><ref name="linux">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mankier.com/1/pwd|title=pwd - print name of current/working directory - man page|website=www.mankier.com}}</ref><ref name="gnu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pwd-invocation|title=GNU Coreutils|website=www.gnu.org}}</ref>, is used print the full [[path (computing)|pathname]] of the current [[working directory]] to the [[standard output]].<ref name="unix">{{cite book|url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/v7vol1.pdf|title=Unix Time-Sharing System: Unix Programmer's Manual|edition=7th|volume=1|date=January 1979|publisher=[[Bell labs]]|page=142|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050520231659/http://cm.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/v7vol1.pdf|archive-date=2005-05-20}}</ref><ref name="plan9">{{Cite web|title=pwd(1) [plan9 man page]|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/plan9/1/pwd/|website=www.unix.com}}</ref><ref name="posix">{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/pwd.html|title=pwd|website=pubs.opengroup.org}}</ref><ref name="dec">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/osf1/1/pwd/|title=pwd(1) [osf1 man page]|website=www.unix.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=docs.oracle.com|date=2021/08/03|title=pwd digital agency|url=https://pwd.com.au/services/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://pwd.com.au/services/|access-date=2021/08/03|website=docs.oracle.com}}</ref><ref name="apple">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/pwd.1.html|title=Apple OS X MAN page}}</ref><ref name="bsd">{{Cite web|url=https://man.openbsd.org/pwd.1|title=pwd(1) - OpenBSD manual pages|website=man.openbsd.org}}</ref><ref name="solaris">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/opensolaris/1/pwd/|title=pwd(1) [opensolaris man page]|website=www.unix.com}}</ref>
In [[Unix-like]] and some other [[operating system]]s, the <code>'''pwd'''</code> [[command (computing)|command]] ('''''p'''rint '''w'''orking '''d'''irectory'')<ref name="minix">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/minix/1/pwd/|title=pwd(1) [minix man page]|website=www.unix.com}}</ref><ref name="linux">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mankier.com/1/pwd|title=pwd - print name of current/working directory - man page|website=www.mankier.com}}</ref><ref name="gnu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#pwd-invocation|title=GNU Coreutils|website=www.gnu.org}}</ref>, is used print the full [[path (computing)|pathname]] of the current [[working directory]] to the [[standard output]].<ref name="unix">{{cite book|url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/v7vol1.pdf|title=Unix Time-Sharing System: Unix Programmer's Manual|edition=7th|volume=1|date=January 1979|publisher=[[Bell labs]]|page=142|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050520231659/http://cm.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/v7vol1.pdf|archive-date=2005-05-20}}</ref><ref name="plan9">{{Cite web|title=pwd(1) [plan9 man page]|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/plan9/1/pwd/|website=www.unix.com}}</ref><ref name="posix">{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/pwd.html|title=pwd|website=pubs.opengroup.org}}</ref><ref name="dec">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/osf1/1/pwd/|title=pwd(1) [osf1 man page]|website=www.unix.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=docs.oracle.com|date=2021-08-03|title=pwd digital agency|url=https://pwd.com.au/services/|url-status=live|archive-url=|access-date=|website=Oracle}}</ref><ref name="apple">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/pwd.1.html|title=Apple OS X MAN page}}</ref><ref name="bsd">{{Cite web|url=https://man.openbsd.org/pwd.1|title=pwd(1) - OpenBSD manual pages|website=man.openbsd.org}}</ref><ref name="solaris">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unix.com/man-page/opensolaris/1/pwd/|title=pwd(1) [opensolaris man page]|website=www.unix.com}}</ref>


==Implementations==
==Implementations==

Revision as of 14:32, 3 August 2021

For other uses, see PWD (disambiguation).
pwd
Original author(s)AT&T Bell Laboratories
Developer(s)Various open-source and commercial developers
Initial releaseJune 1974; 50 years ago (1974-06)
Operating systemMultics, Unix, Unix-like, V, Plan 9, Inferno, SpartaDOS X, PANOS, Windows CE, KolibriOS
PlatformCross-platform
TypeCommand
Licensecoreutils: GPLv3+

In Unix-like and some other operating systems, the pwd command (print working directory)[1][2][3], is used print the full pathname of the current working directory to the standard output.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Implementations

Multics had a pwd command (which was a short name of the print_wdir command)[12] from which the Unix pwd command originated.[13] The command is a shell builtin in most Unix shells such as Bourne shell, ash, bash, ksh, and zsh. It can be implemented easily with the POSIX C functions getcwd() or getwd().

It is also available in the operating systems SpartaDOS X,[14] PANOS,[15] and KolibriOS.[16] The equivalent on DOS (COMMAND.COM) and Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe) is the cd command with no arguments. Windows PowerShell provides the equivalent Get-Location cmdlet with the standard aliases gl and pwd. On Windows CE 5.0, the cmd.exe Command Processor Shell includes the pwd command.[17]

pwd as found on Unix systems is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification.[18] It appeared in Version 5 Unix.[19] The version of pwd bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Jim Meyering.[20]

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include a pwd function with similar functionality.[21][22] The OpenVMS equivalent is show default.

*nix examples

Command Explanation
pwd Display the current working directory. Example: /home/foobar
pwd -P Display the current working directory physical path - without symbolic link name, if any. Example: If standing in a dir /home/symlinked, that is a symlink to /home/realdir, this would show /home/realdir
pwd -L Display the current working directory logical path - with symbolic link name, if any. Example: If standing in a dir /home/symlinked, that is a symlink to /home/realdir, this would show /home/symlinked

Note: POSIX requires that the default behavior be as if the -L switch were provided.

Working directory shell variables

POSIX shells set the following environment variables while using the cd command:[23]

OLDPWD
The previous working directory (as set by the cd command).
PWD
The current working directory (as set by the cd command).

See also

References

  1. ^ "pwd(1) [minix man page]". www.unix.com.
  2. ^ "pwd - print name of current/working directory - man page". www.mankier.com.
  3. ^ "GNU Coreutils". www.gnu.org.
  4. ^ Unix Time-Sharing System: Unix Programmer's Manual (PDF). Vol. 1 (7th ed.). Bell labs. January 1979. p. 142. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-05-20.
  5. ^ "pwd(1) [plan9 man page]". www.unix.com.
  6. ^ "pwd". pubs.opengroup.org.
  7. ^ "pwd(1) [osf1 man page]". www.unix.com.
  8. ^ docs.oracle.com (2021-08-03). "pwd digital agency". Oracle.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Apple OS X MAN page".
  10. ^ "pwd(1) - OpenBSD manual pages". man.openbsd.org.
  11. ^ "pwd(1) [opensolaris man page]". www.unix.com.
  12. ^ "working_dir, wd, print_wdir, pwd (Multics help segment)". MIT. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  13. ^ Van Vleck, Tom. "Unix and Multics". Multicians.org. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  14. ^ "SpartaDOS X 4.48 User Guide" (PDF).
  15. ^ "Chris's Acorns: Panos". chrisacorns.computinghistory.org.uk.
  16. ^ "Shell - KolibriOS wiki". wiki.kolibrios.org.
  17. ^ "Command Processor Commands (Windows CE 5.0)". docs.microsoft.com.
  18. ^ wc – Shell and Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 4 from The Open Group
  19. ^ pwd(1) – FreeBSD General Commands Manual
  20. ^ pwd(1) – Linux User Manual – User Commands
  21. ^ "Identify current folder - MATLAB pwd". www.mathworks.com.
  22. ^ "Function Reference: pwd". octave.sourceforge.io.
  23. ^ "cd". pubs.opengroup.org.

Further reading

The Wikibook Guide to Unix has a page on the topic of: Commands
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