Kier (industrial): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Rotating boiler or vat used in bleaching or scouring cotton fabric}} |
{{Short description|Rotating boiler or vat used in bleaching or scouring cotton fabric}} |
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[[File:EB1911 Bleaching - Fig. 4. —High Pressure Blow-through Kier.jpg|thumb|right|High Pressure Blow-through Kier]] |
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A '''kier''' or '''keeve''' (or similar spellings) is a large circular [[boiler]] or vat used in [[bleaching]] or scouring [[cotton]] fabric. They were also used for processing [[paper pulp]]. |
A '''kier''' or '''keeve''' (or similar spellings) is a large circular [[boiler]] or vat used in [[bleaching]] or scouring [[cotton]] fabric. They were also used for processing [[paper pulp]]. |
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Kier boiling and <nowiki>''Boiling off''</nowiki> is the scouring process that involves boiling the materials with the [[Sodium hydroxide|caustic]] solution in the Kier, which is an enclosed vessel, so that the fabric can boil under pressure.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purushothama|first=B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DWmoDwAAQBAJ&q=kier+boiling+process&pg=PA27|title=Handbook of Value Addition Processes for Fabrics|date=2019-01-31|publisher=Woodhead Publishing India PVT. Limited|isbn=978-93-85059-92-6|pages=27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Marsh|first1=John Thompson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kbg3AAAAMAAJ&q=kier+boiling+process|title=An Introduction to the Chemistry of Cellulose|last2=Wood|first2=Frederick Charles|date=1945|publisher=Chapman & Hall|pages=26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lacasse|first1=K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RH2CAAAQBAJ&q=kier+boiling+process&pg=PA95|title=Textile Chemicals: Environmental Data and Facts|last2=Baumann|first2=Werner|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-18898-5|pages=95|language=en}}</ref> Open kiers were also used with temperatures below 100°C (at atmospheric pressure).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Trotman|first=E. R. (Edward Russell)|url=http://archive.org/details/textilescouringb0000trot|title=Textile scouring and bleaching|date=1968|publisher=London, Griffin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-85264-067-8}}</ref>{{Rp|102}} |
Kier boiling and <nowiki>''Boiling off''</nowiki> is the scouring process that involves boiling the materials with the [[Sodium hydroxide|caustic]] solution in the Kier, which is an enclosed vessel, so that the fabric can boil under pressure.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purushothama|first=B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DWmoDwAAQBAJ&q=kier+boiling+process&pg=PA27|title=Handbook of Value Addition Processes for Fabrics|date=2019-01-31|publisher=Woodhead Publishing India PVT. Limited|isbn=978-93-85059-92-6|pages=27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Marsh|first1=John Thompson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kbg3AAAAMAAJ&q=kier+boiling+process|title=An Introduction to the Chemistry of Cellulose|last2=Wood|first2=Frederick Charles|date=1945|publisher=Chapman & Hall|pages=26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lacasse|first1=K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RH2CAAAQBAJ&q=kier+boiling+process&pg=PA95|title=Textile Chemicals: Environmental Data and Facts|last2=Baumann|first2=Werner|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-18898-5|pages=95|language=en}}</ref> Open kiers were also used with temperatures below 100°C (at atmospheric pressure).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Trotman|first=E. R. (Edward Russell)|url=http://archive.org/details/textilescouringb0000trot|title=Textile scouring and bleaching|date=1968|publisher=London, Griffin|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-85264-067-8}}</ref>{{Rp|102}} |
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== Gallery == |
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<gallery mode="traditional"> |
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</gallery> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Commons category|Kiers}} |
{{Commons category|Kiers}} |
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Revision as of 11:32, 19 August 2021
A kier or keeve (or similar spellings) is a large circular boiler or vat used in bleaching or scouring cotton fabric. They were also used for processing paper pulp.
In use they were continuously rotated by an engine, steam being supplied through a rotating joint in the axle. They were usually spherical, sometimes cylindrical, and some were recycled from old boiler shells.[1]
Kier boiling
Kier, the cylindrical-shaped vessel, straight, with egg-shaped ends made of boiler may have the capacity to process one to three tons of material at a time.[2]
Kier boiling and ''Boiling off'' is the scouring process that involves boiling the materials with the caustic solution in the Kier, which is an enclosed vessel, so that the fabric can boil under pressure.[3][4][5] Open kiers were also used with temperatures below 100°C (at atmospheric pressure).[6]: 102
Gallery
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Spherical kier
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kiers.
- ^ McEwen, Alan (2009). Historic Steam Boiler Explosions. Sledgehammer Engineering Press. ISBN 978-0-9532725-2-5.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1910). The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Encyclopedia Britannica Company. p. 50.
- ^ Purushothama, B. (2019-01-31). Handbook of Value Addition Processes for Fabrics. Woodhead Publishing India PVT. Limited. p. 27. ISBN 978-93-85059-92-6.
- ^ Marsh, John Thompson; Wood, Frederick Charles (1945). An Introduction to the Chemistry of Cellulose. Chapman & Hall. p. 26.
- ^ Lacasse, K.; Baumann, Werner (2012-12-06). Textile Chemicals: Environmental Data and Facts. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 95. ISBN 978-3-642-18898-5.
- ^ Trotman, E. R. (Edward Russell) (1968). Textile scouring and bleaching. Internet Archive. London, Griffin. ISBN 978-0-85264-067-8.
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