Special Detective Unit: Difference between revisions

Garda Special Detective Unit
Template:Lang-ga
Agency overview
Formed	11 July 1921; 103 years ago as the Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
Preceding agency	Garda Special Branch;
Jurisdiction	Republic of Ireland
Headquarters	Harcourt Street, Dublin (D2); 53°20′03.5″N 6°15′50.3″W / 53.334306°N 6.263972°W
Employees	Undisclosed; ~ 300
Annual budget	Undisclosed (part of Garda Síochána budget, €1.34 billion in 2014)
Minister responsible	Helen McEntee, TD, Minister for Justice;
Agency executives	Drew Harris, Garda Commissioner; John O'Mahoney, Assistant Commissioner of Crime and Security;
Parent agency	Crime & Security Branch; Garda Síochána
Website	Official website

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The Special Detective Unit (SDU) (Template:Lang-ga) is the main domestic security agency of the Garda Síochána, the national police force of the Republic of Ireland, under the aegis of the Crime & Security Branch (CSB).^[2] It is the primary counter-terrorism and counter-espionage investigative unit within the state. The Special Detective Unit superseded the Special Branch (which they are still commonly referred to as), which itself replaced the older Criminal Investigation Department (CID), which was founded in 1921. They work in conjunction with the Defence Forces Directorate of Military Intelligence (G2) – the Republic of Ireland's national intelligence service – on internal matters. The unit's headquarters are in Harcourt Street, Dublin City.

The Emergency Response Unit (ERU), a specialist armed tactical unit, was a division of the SDU until 2017 when the Special Tactics and Operational Command took over command of the unit.^[3]

History

The Civic Guard was formed by the Provisional Government in February 1922 to take over the responsibility of policing the fledgling Irish Free State. The Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923 enacted after the creation of the Irish Free State on 8 August 1923,^[4] provided for the creation of "a force of police to be called and known as 'The Garda Síochána'".^[5]

Separate from the Gardaí, a Protection Officers Corps was set up to provide bodyguards for prominent treatyites during the Civil War. There was also a more secretive body called the Citizens Defence Force, responsible directly to Kevin O’Higgins and funded through the offices of Arthur Cox. In charge of it was a Captain Henry Harrison, an Englishman who had been a meddler in Irish politics for many years. The exact function of this force remains unclear but some believe responsible for the unsolved disappearance of a number of prominent Republicans at that time. The remains of one of them, Noel Lemass, was discovered by accident years afterwards; secretly buried in the Dublin Mountains.

Oriel House was taken over and became a much-feared interrogation centre. The Oriel House team, about 80-strong, was accused of using brutal interrogation techniques and of the assassination of republican suspects and prisoners. A study of the period concluded, 'Oriel House succeeded in its task of suppressing small scale republican activities in the Dublin area, not by the sophistication and efficiency its intelligence work... but by the more direct method of striking terror into its opponents.^[6] They were disbanded after the Civil War: supposedly because of squeamishness on the part of Kevin O’Higgins; but a core was retained as G-division of the Dublin Metropolitan Police: the G-men, headed by ex-RIC Inspector David Neligan.

In 1926, after the DMP had been amalgamated with the Gardaí, this unit was renamed the Special Branch in imitation of English nomenclature.

Duties

The responsibilities of the Garda Síochána Special Detective Unit include;

The investigation of threats to state security and the monitoring of persons and organisations who pose a threat on both national and international fronts
Counter-terrorism operations (specifically targeting dissident republicans and Islamic extremists)
Counter-intelligence
Armed response to serious incidents
Security for movement of weapons, ammunition, and large cash-in-transit shipments
Operation of the Witness Security Programme
Presidential, ministerial and diplomatic protection, physical security for visiting VIPs

SDU bodyguards accompany the President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, on official visits in the Republic of Ireland and internationally, and the Taoiseach, Micheál Martin, is protected by a Close Protection detail from the SDU.^[7] Full-time armed protection and transport is afforded to; the Tánaiste, Minister for Justice, Attorney General, Chief Justice, Director of Public Prosecutions and Garda Commissioner.^[8] All government ministers and former Presidents and Taoisigh are provided with armed protection and transport when their security is deemed under threat, otherwise it is reserved for official state occasions.^[9]

Ambassadors and high-ranking foreign diplomats within the Republic of Ireland are given protection by the SDU when their safety or security is "at risk". High-risk foreign diplomatic premises are also protected by the unit, such as the embassies and diplomatic residences of the United States, United Kingdom and Israel in Dublin.^[10]

Gardaí use five levels to grade the international terror threat level to the Republic of Ireland; low, moderate, substantial, severe and critical. The gradings are based on a series of factors, including information supplied by international authorities. The current level is considered to be moderate, meaning an attack is "possible, but not likely".^[11]^[12]

Organisational structure

The Special Detective Unit operates out of the Dublin Metropolitan Region (DMR) Headquarters of the Gardaí in Harcourt Street, Dublin, and has personnel in all six Garda regions (DMR, Eastern, Northern, Southern, South-Eastern and Western). The unit has a number of secret buildings within the Republic of Ireland, which it uses for covert operations. The SDU has a strength of between 200 and 300 plainclothes detectives, and a further 100 officers attached to the Emergency Response Unit.^[13] The agency is headed by a Detective Chief Superintendent, who is under the command of the Assistant commissioner in charge of the Crime & Security Branch (CSB), who reports directly to the Garda Commissioner. The Garda Commissioner briefs the Minister for Justice, Taoiseach and the National Security Committee (NSC) on state security matters.

The SDU uses anti-terrorism legislation (chiefly the Offences against the State Acts) to conduct operations, and uses the non-jury Special Criminal Court to prosecute terrorism offenders. The SDU is a highly secretive organisation that does its utmost to stay out of the media spotlight, and when officers from the unit appear in court they routinely give evidence anonymously from behind a screen to protect their identity. All officers within the unit carry firearms, and train more often than regular police detectives. All officers are armed with concealed semi-automatic pistols, and if the situation requires, they have access to shotguns, submachine guns, assault rifles and sniper rifles. The SDU has a large pool of unmarked and armoured cars, and has access to helicopters if needed.

The budget for the SDU is classified, although it is drawn from the overall Garda budget (€1.34 billion in 2014). The only published figures are those for the budget to pay confidential informants, via the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) system. The fund used to pay informers is known as the "Secret Service" budget, and it is shared between the Crime & Security Branch and Directorate of Military Intelligence. In 2014, it was €1 million.^[14] Although the service's jurisdiction is the Republic of Ireland, officers from the unit have been active in Northern Ireland, a region which is officially part of the United Kingdom.^[15]

In 2013, the Republic of Ireland had the fourth highest number of arrests for terrorism-related offences in the entire European Union, with 41 individuals arrested, behind only France (225), Spain (90) and the United Kingdom (77), according to Europol.^[16] The average prison sentence for a person convicted under terrorism legislation in the Republic of Ireland was 12 years in 2013, the third highest in the EU, behind Greece (27 years) and Spain (14 years).^[17]

Emergency Response Unit

The Garda Emergency Response Unit (ERU) is the national armed tactical intervention unit of the Gardaí, and a former subsection of the Special Detective Unit.^[18] The ERU's manpower is approximately 100 full-time officers, who are trained and equipped for a range of situations which other Garda units may be unable to deal with. The SDU and ERU carry out joint operations.^[19]

Counter-Terrorism International

The Garda Counter-Terrorism International (CTI) unit was established in 2014 as a dedicated section of the SDU to identify and monitor Islamic terrorism threats and share intelligence with international security and law enforcement agencies on this issue. The Garda CTI has up to 50 full-time members who operate over 5 shifts. This section has its own surveillance teams and informants, and reports directly to the Garda Commissioner.^[20] The Counter-Terrorism Domestic (CTD) section deals with homegrown terrorism.^[1]

Hostage Negotiation Section

The Garda Hostage Negotiation Section (HNS), officially formed in 2007, is a subdivision of the Garda SDU. It is headed by an experienced Detective Superintendent, who cannot be identified for operational reasons. The senior HNS officer along with the Garda National Negotiator Co-Ordinator (NNC) are involved in the selection, training and coordination of the more than 70 specialist Garda negotiators stationed in all divisions in the country. Officers under the command of this section are not necessarily Special Branch detectives. Negotiators are educated at the Garda Síochána College, Metropolitan Police Service, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central Mental Hospital (HSE National Forensic Mental Health Service).^[21]

Witness Security Programme

The Garda Witness Protection Unit is a small, dedicated and highly secretive subsection of the SDU, which operates the state's Witness Security Programme, at the direction of the Attorney General of Ireland. The unit (established in 1997) is headed by a Detective Inspector, and further reinforcements can be drawn from the Special Branch when there is a need. The Garda ERU provide tactical assistance to the programme. The budget for the unit was €1.198 million in 2014. Witnesses in the programme are given a new identity, address and armed police protection either in Ireland or abroad. There has never been a reported breach of security in which a protectee was harmed.^[22]

Operations

File:Garda Special Branch Bodyguard.jpg

A close protection officer from the Special Detective Unit protecting Queen Elizabeth II in 2011

The Special Detective Unit works closely with other specialist and national units within the Garda Síochána, namely the National Surveillance Unit (NSU) – a police intelligence gathering agency – and the heavily armed intervention teams of the Emergency Response Unit (ERU). The Special Detective Unit works with the National Economic Crime Bureau (GNECB) in relation to financial intelligence and terrorism financing. The Defence Forces Directorate of Military Intelligence – the Republic of Ireland's national intelligence agency – shares intelligence, trains with and carries out joint operations with the unit. The SDU has historically operated in tandem with American, British and other European law enforcement agencies in combating terrorists and foreign government threats. They maintain a strong working relationship with the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), London Metropolitan Police Service (MPS, or 'the Met'), British Security Services (MI5) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), among others, and share information with Europol and Interpol.

An MI5 unit based at the regional headquarters (Palace Barracks) in Holywood, County Down, in Northern Ireland works with both the PSNI and Gardaí to track the activities of domestic and foreign terrorist threats, and in 2008 this led to the discovery of a suspected al-Qaeda bomb making factory in County Kerry, where three people were arrested, some of whom had previously been under surveillance by the Special Detective Unit's Middle Eastern Bureau^[23] and National Surveillance Unit.^[24]

SDU officers have conducted operations alongside Irish Military Intelligence, the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and FBI in monitoring, arresting and prosecuting suspected al-Qaeda extremists using Ireland as a launchpad for terror attacks on Europe and the US.^[25] The agency was involved in foiling several radical Islamic militants in Cork suspected of plotting to assassinate Swedish cartoonist Lars Vilks in 2009, in response to an al-Qaeda in Iraq bounty after the Muhammad drawings controversy, working with British and American intelligence agencies.^[26]^[27]

In 2010, the Special Detective Unit, Garda Bureau of Fraud Investigation (GBFI) and Criminal Assets Bureau (CAB) broke up what was described by Europol as "one of the biggest and most sophisticated counterfeiting operations ever uncovered in Europe", which had the capacity to produce €200 million (£167 million/$276 million) in counterfeit banknotes annually, some of which were shipped as far away as Japan, in an attempt to fund IRA terrorist and criminal activities.^[28]

The Special Detective Unit was the principal security agency involved in protecting Britain's Queen Elizabeth II on her historic visit to the Republic of Ireland in the summer of 2011, facing a significant threat from dissident republican paramilitary organizations, and they scuppered a number of attempted bombings and assassination attempts to ensure a peaceful visit.^[29]^[30] The SDU also worked alongside the United States Secret Service (USSS) and Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) in a heightened security state during the visit of US President Barack Obama to Ireland in 2011, fearing retaliation from al-Qaeda terrorists in response to the death of Osama bin Laden a number of weeks earlier. It was Obama's first trip overseas following the killing of bin Laden by US Navy SEALs in Pakistan, and his visit was deemed a major success.^[31]

Following the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War (2011–present) and the campaign of violence perpetrated by the "Islamic State" (2014) terrorist organisation in Iraq, the Middle Eastern Bureau of the Special Detective Unit and the Directorate of Military Intelligence increased their monitoring of Irish residents and citizens who travelled to conflict regions in the Middle East to partake in fighting, with the fear they may become radicalised and carry out Islamic jihadist terrorist attacks in Ireland, Europe and North America upon their return.^[32] The Middle Eastern Bureau and Military Intelligence is tasked with monitoring between 30 and 60 people living in Ireland who are under suspicion due to their links with Muslim extremist organisations.^[33]^[34] The Irish authorities have been working with the British security services, MI5 and the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS/MI6), to identify possible returning terrorists by sharing data, information and intelligence, operating a joint database and watchlist, and cross-checking airline passenger manifests to track Irish and UK residents and citizens who are travelling to and from conflict zones in the Middle East.^[35] The US National Security Agency (NSA) also shares intelligence with the Gardaí and Defence Forces security services with regards to the activities of fighters in Syria and Iraq who have originated from the Republic of Ireland.^[36]

Electronic surveillance

It has been alleged that the Special Detective Unit has been involved in the telephone tapping and email hacking of crime journalists in Ireland, in attempts to reveal the identity of sources that appear in newspaper stories on crime and terrorism. A number of journalists have accused the unit of monitoring their electronic communications, as well as carrying out covert surveillance on them when they are meeting sources in person. Some journalists allege they have been questioned (and threatened with arrest) about sources used in crime and terrorism stories, including about Garda officers speaking to the media when not sanctioned to do so by senior management. Warrantless wiretapping by the authorities in the Republic of Ireland is not illegal, but in the absence of a warrant resulting evidence cannot be used to bring prosecutions in court. The press say they have been asked not to publish certain stories which may jeopardise sensitive Garda operations, but that the force has not attempted to influence reporting.^[37]

In the month of January 2012 alone, Gardaí applied for 1,829 "requests for disclosure" from telecommunications and internet companies based in Ireland. There were 1,296 subscriber requests, 494 call trace requests and 39 IP (computer address) requests. Taken as an average monthly total, theoretically Gardaí would be seeking details of over 20,000 phone and broadband subscribers per annum. These requests have been the subject of an investigation by the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner.^[38]

Killed in the line of duty

A number of officers in the Garda Special Detective Unit have lost their lives in the course of serving the state since the early 1920s. Seven Special Branch detectives are known to have been unlawfully killed in the line of duty since 1940.^[39]

shaded rows denote when officers were killed in the same incident.

Rank	Name	Year of death	Circumstances
Detective Sergeant	Patrick McKeown	1940	Fatally wounded (shot) during raid on IRA safehouse, Dublin^[40]
Detective	Richard Hyland	1940	Fatally wounded (shot) during raid on IRA safehouse, Dublin^[41]
Detective Sergeant	Denis O'Brien	1942	Assassinated (shot) by IRA members in his car, County Dublin^[42]
Detective	George Mordaunt	1942	Murdered (shot) during raid on criminal gang, Dublin^[43]
Chief Superintendent	Seán Gantly	1948	Accidentally shot dead while pursuing an escaped prisoner, Dublin^[44]
Detective	Frank Hand	1984	Fatally wounded (shot) during IRA robbery of cash-in-transit van, County Meath^[45]
Detective	Jerry McCabe	1996	Fatally wounded (shot) during IRA robbery of cash-in-transit van, County Limerick^[46]

Weapons

Pistols

SIG Sauer P226 (9×19mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistol)
Walther P99 (9×19mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistol)

Submachine Guns

Heckler & Koch MP7 (HK 4.6×30mm submachine gun)

Assault Rifles

Heckler & Koch HK416 (5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle)
Heckler & Koch HK33 (5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle)

Sniper Rifles

Steyr SSG 04 (7.62×51mm NATO bolt-action sniper rifle)
Steyr SSG 69 (7.62×51mm NATO bolt-action sniper rifle)

Shotguns

Remington Model 870 (12 gauge pump-action shotgun)
Benelli M4 Super 90 (12 gauge semi-automatic shotgun)
Benelli M3 (Super 90) (12 gauge dual-mode shotgun)

Less Lethal

Taser X26 (electroshock weapon)

References

^ ^a ^b O'Keefe, Cormac (21 November 2015). "Islamic terrorists: Radicalisation and fighters returning to Ireland are our biggest threat". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
^ "The Crime & Security Branch / Special Detective Unit (SDU)". 1 January 2014. An Garda Síochána (Irish National Police). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923". Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2006.
^ "Garda Síochána Historical Society". PoliceHistory.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
^ Eunan O'Halpin, Defending Ireland: The Irish State and its Enemies, The State and Civil War, p. 11 Archived 30 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ O'Keeffe, Cormac (20 November 2014). "The problems of trying to get policing and national security to walk the line". The Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
^ Griffin, Dan (21 November 2014). "Ministerial transport costs more than €14m since 2011". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
^ O'Connor, Niall; Byrne, Luke (21 November 2014). "Armed detectives set to 'shadow' ministers". The Herald (Ireland). Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
^ Cusack, Jim (8 August 2004). "Exposed: US embassy is top terror risk". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
^ "Terror threat level unaffected by attacks". Irish Independent. 27 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^ Williams, Paul; Brady, Tom (24 November 2015). "Units to counter terrorism step up training". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
^ Williams, Paul (17 September 2013). "Gardai firearms training cancelled due to cutbacks". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
^ "Irish Secret Service Budget 2014" (PDF). 15 October 2013. Office of the Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform. 2. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
^ "'Infiltrated' claims follow mortar bid". "Irish Republican News". 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
^ "European Union (EU) Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (Europol Te-Sat 2014)" (PDF). 28 May 2014. European Police Office (Europol). Retrieved 4 June 2014.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ O'Keeffe, Cormac (4 June 2014). "Irish jail terms for terrorists average at 12 years". The Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
^ "An Garda Síochána Emergency Response Unit (ERU)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
^ Carty, Ed (2 December 2012). "Gardai swoop on dissidents after Real IRA funeral display". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
^ O’Keeffe, Cormac (18 November 2015). "Lack of gardaí and slashing of overtime budgets limits Ireland's ability to fight Islamic extremists". The Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ Williams, Paul (9 December 2014). "Garda negotiators called to two suicide-threat cases every week". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
^ "The Crime & Security Branch (Witness Security Programme)". An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
^ "Gardai in daily contact with MI5 to check on terror cells". Sunday World. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
^ McDonald, Henry (2 March 2008). "MI5 targets Ireland's al-Qaeda cells". The Observer (The Guardian Newspaper). Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
^ "Osama bin Laden's secret millions; Gardai vow to freeze al-Qaeda cash hidden away in Irish bank accounts". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
^ "Muslims Arrested Over Cartoonist Murder Plot". Sky News. 9 March 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
^ "Arrests over alleged plot to kill cartoonist". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^ "IRA 'linked to €200M counterfeit cash bunker'". Belfast Telegraph. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
^ Kelleher, Lynne (6 April 2014). "Arrests made to protect Queen, reveals Callinan". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
^ McDonald, Henry (17 May 2011). "Queen's visit to Ireland: Garda foil plans to disrupt Dublin events". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ "al-Qaeda threat to Obama Ireland visit". Sunday World. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
^ Brady, Tom; Phelan, Shane; Worden, Tom (21 August 2014). "Hunt begins for 'Jailer John' as gardai step up surveillance on 30 Irish jihadi fighters". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ Brady, Tom; Phelan, Shane (21 August 2014). "30 Irish jihad fighters travelling to middle east from Dublin base". Herald. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ "Secret army squad keeps watch on 60 Al Qaeda in Ireland". Irish Daily Star. 26 May 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ Brady, Tom (1 September 2014). "How we're tracking jihadis with Britain". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ Lally, Conor; Kelly, Fiach (5 September 2014). "Jihadist suspects passing through Ireland monitored". Irish Times. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ McDonald, Henry (11 May 2012). "Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring". Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
^ Cusack, Jim (13 April 2014). "Under the Crime and Security regime, centralised intelligence gathering has expanded hugely". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
^ "An Garda Síochána Roll of Honour List" (PDF). 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "McKeown, Patrick (An Garda Síochána Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "Hyland, Richard (Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "O'Brien, Denis (Roll of Honour List)". An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "Mordaunt, George (Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "Gantly, Sean (Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
^ O'Reilly, Rita (10 May 2007). "Family of murdered Garda oppose release of killers". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "Minister Cullen Speaks at Detective Jerry McCabe Detective Garda Adrian Donoghue Shot on duty at. credit unionFellowship". 15 March 2006. Minister Martin Cullen. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

External links

Garda Síochána official website

53°20′03.5″N 6°15′50.3″W / 53.334306°N 6.263972°W / 53.334306; -6.263972

[CT_1-1] O'Keefe, Cormac (21 November 2015). "Islamic terrorists: Radicalisation and fighters returning to Ireland are our biggest threat". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.

[2] "The Crime & Security Branch / Special Detective Unit (SDU)". 1 January 2014. An Garda Síochána (Irish National Police). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.

[IE-3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[4] "Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923". Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2006.

[5] "Garda Síochána Historical Society". PoliceHistory.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.

[6] Eunan O'Halpin, Defending Ireland: The Irish State and its Enemies, The State and Civil War, p. 11 Archived 30 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine

[7] O'Keeffe, Cormac (20 November 2014). "The problems of trying to get policing and national security to walk the line". The Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

[8] Griffin, Dan (21 November 2014). "Ministerial transport costs more than €14m since 2011". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

[9] O'Connor, Niall; Byrne, Luke (21 November 2014). "Armed detectives set to 'shadow' ministers". The Herald (Ireland). Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

[10] Cusack, Jim (8 August 2004). "Exposed: US embassy is top terror risk". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.

[11] "Terror threat level unaffected by attacks". Irish Independent. 27 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.

[12] Williams, Paul; Brady, Tom (24 November 2015). "Units to counter terrorism step up training". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.

[13] Williams, Paul (17 September 2013). "Gardai firearms training cancelled due to cutbacks". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.

[14] "Irish Secret Service Budget 2014" (PDF). 15 October 2013. Office of the Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform. 2. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2014.

[15] "'Infiltrated' claims follow mortar bid". "Irish Republican News". 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.

[16] "European Union (EU) Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (Europol Te-Sat 2014)" (PDF). 28 May 2014. European Police Office (Europol). Retrieved 4 June 2014.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[17] O'Keeffe, Cormac (4 June 2014). "Irish jail terms for terrorists average at 12 years". The Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.

[18] "An Garda Síochána Emergency Response Unit (ERU)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.

[19] Carty, Ed (2 December 2012). "Gardai swoop on dissidents after Real IRA funeral display". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.

[20] O’Keeffe, Cormac (18 November 2015). "Lack of gardaí and slashing of overtime budgets limits Ireland's ability to fight Islamic extremists". The Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.

[21] Williams, Paul (9 December 2014). "Garda negotiators called to two suicide-threat cases every week". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.

[22] "The Crime & Security Branch (Witness Security Programme)". An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.

[23] "Gardai in daily contact with MI5 to check on terror cells". Sunday World. 8 May 2011. Archived from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

[24] McDonald, Henry (2 March 2008). "MI5 targets Ireland's al-Qaeda cells". The Observer (The Guardian Newspaper). Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2014.

[25] "Osama bin Laden's secret millions; Gardai vow to freeze al-Qaeda cash hidden away in Irish bank accounts". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2010.

[26] "Muslims Arrested Over Cartoonist Murder Plot". Sky News. 9 March 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2011.

[27] "Arrests over alleged plot to kill cartoonist". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2011.

[28] "IRA 'linked to €200M counterfeit cash bunker'". Belfast Telegraph. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

[29] Kelleher, Lynne (6 April 2014). "Arrests made to protect Queen, reveals Callinan". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

[30] McDonald, Henry (17 May 2011). "Queen's visit to Ireland: Garda foil plans to disrupt Dublin events". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2014.

[31] "al-Qaeda threat to Obama Ireland visit". Sunday World. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2011.

[32] Brady, Tom; Phelan, Shane; Worden, Tom (21 August 2014). "Hunt begins for 'Jailer John' as gardai step up surveillance on 30 Irish jihadi fighters". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[33] Brady, Tom; Phelan, Shane (21 August 2014). "30 Irish jihad fighters travelling to middle east from Dublin base". Herald. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[34] "Secret army squad keeps watch on 60 Al Qaeda in Ireland". Irish Daily Star. 26 May 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[35] Brady, Tom (1 September 2014). "How we're tracking jihadis with Britain". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[36] Lally, Conor; Kelly, Fiach (5 September 2014). "Jihadist suspects passing through Ireland monitored". Irish Times. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[37] McDonald, Henry (11 May 2012). "Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring". Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.

[38] Cusack, Jim (13 April 2014). "Under the Crime and Security regime, centralised intelligence gathering has expanded hugely". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.

[39] "An Garda Síochána Roll of Honour List" (PDF). 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

[40] "McKeown, Patrick (An Garda Síochána Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

[41] "Hyland, Richard (Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

[42] "O'Brien, Denis (Roll of Honour List)". An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

[43] "Mordaunt, George (Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

[44] "Gantly, Sean (Roll of Honour List)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.

[45] O'Reilly, Rita (10 May 2007). "Family of murdered Garda oppose release of killers". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

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@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |preceding2      =
 |jurisdiction = [[Republic of Ireland]]
-|employees = Undisclosed<br />~ 300<ref name ="CT 1">{{cite news|last1=O'Keefe|first1=Cormac|title=Islamic terrorists: Radicalisation and fighters returning to Ireland are our biggest threat|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/islamic-terrorists-radicalisation-and-fighters-returning-to-ireland-are-our-biggest-threat-366201.html|access-date=21 November 2015|newspaper=Irish Examiner|date=21 November 2015}}</ref>
+|employees = Undisclosed<br />~ 300<ref name ="CT 1">{{cite news|last1=O'Keefe|first1=Cormac|title=Islamic terrorists: Radicalisation and fighters returning to Ireland are our biggest threat|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/islamic-terrorists-radicalisation-and-fighters-returning-to-ireland-are-our-biggest-threat-366201.html|access-date=21 November 2015|newspaper=Irish Examiner|date=21 November 2015|archive-date=22 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122084906/http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/islamic-terrorists-radicalisation-and-fighters-returning-to-ireland-are-our-biggest-threat-366201.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |budget = Undisclosed <small>(part of ''Garda Síochána'' budget, €1.34 billion in 2014) </small>
 |minister1_name = [[Helen McEntee]], [[Teachta Dála|TD]]
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 |website = [http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1 Official website]
 }}
-The '''Special Detective Unit''' ('''SDU''') ({{lang-ga|Aonad Speisialta Bleachtaireachta}}) is the main domestic [[security agency]] of the ''[[Garda Síochána]]'', the national police force of the [[Republic of Ireland]], under the aegis of the [[Garda Crime and Security Branch|Crime & Security Branch]] (CSB).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Crime & Security Branch / Special Detective Unit (SDU)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40|work=1 January 2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána (Irish National Police)|access-date=6 February 2014}}</ref> It is the primary [[counter-terrorism]] and [[Counterintelligence|counter-espionage]] investigative unit within the state. The Special Detective Unit superseded the '''Special Branch''' (which they are still commonly referred to as), which itself replaced the older [[Criminal Investigation Department (Ireland)|Criminal Investigation Department]] (CID), which was founded in 1921. They work in conjunction with the [[Defence Forces (Ireland)|Defence Forces]] [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]] (G2) – the Republic of Ireland's national [[intelligence agency|intelligence service]] – on internal matters. The unit's headquarters are in [[Harcourt Street railway line|Harcourt Street]], [[Dublin|Dublin City]].
+The '''Special Detective Unit''' ('''SDU''') ({{lang-ga|Aonad Speisialta Bleachtaireachta}}) is the main domestic [[security agency]] of the ''[[Garda Síochána]]'', the national police force of the [[Republic of Ireland]], under the aegis of the [[Garda Crime and Security Branch|Crime & Security Branch]] (CSB).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Crime & Security Branch / Special Detective Unit (SDU)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40|work=1 January 2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána (Irish National Police)|access-date=6 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222204004/http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the primary [[counter-terrorism]] and [[Counterintelligence|counter-espionage]] investigative unit within the state. The Special Detective Unit superseded the '''Special Branch''' (which they are still commonly referred to as), which itself replaced the older [[Criminal Investigation Department (Ireland)|Criminal Investigation Department]] (CID), which was founded in 1921. They work in conjunction with the [[Defence Forces (Ireland)|Defence Forces]] [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]] (G2) – the Republic of Ireland's national [[intelligence agency|intelligence service]] – on internal matters. The unit's headquarters are in [[Harcourt Street railway line|Harcourt Street]], [[Dublin|Dublin City]].
-The [[Garda Emergency Response Unit|Emergency Response Unit]] (ERU), a specialist armed tactical unit, was a division of the SDU until 2017 when the [[Special Tactics and Operational Command]] took over command of the unit.<ref name="IE">https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/revamp-of-top-garda-units-457999.html</ref>
+The [[Garda Emergency Response Unit|Emergency Response Unit]] (ERU), a specialist armed tactical unit, was a division of the SDU until 2017 when the [[Special Tactics and Operational Command]] took over command of the unit.<ref name="IE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/revamp-of-top-garda-units-457999.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719113509/https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/revamp-of-top-garda-units-457999.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==History==
-The Civic Guard was formed by the [[Provisional Government of Ireland|Provisional Government]] in February 1922 to take over the responsibility of policing the fledgling [[Irish Free State]]. The [[List of Acts of the Oireachtas#1923|Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923]] enacted after the creation of the Irish Free State on 8 August 1923,<ref>{{cite web|title=Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1923_37.html|access-date=29 March 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208050524/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1923_37.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 8 February 2007}}</ref> provided for the creation of "a force of police to be called and known as 'The {{lang|ga|Garda Síochána}}{{'"}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.policehistory.com/issues.html|title=Garda Síochána Historical Society|website=PoliceHistory.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-17}}</ref>
+The Civic Guard was formed by the [[Provisional Government of Ireland|Provisional Government]] in February 1922 to take over the responsibility of policing the fledgling [[Irish Free State]]. The [[List of Acts of the Oireachtas#1923|Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923]] enacted after the creation of the Irish Free State on 8 August 1923,<ref>{{cite web|title=Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1923_37.html|access-date=29 March 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208050524/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1923_37.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 8 February 2007}}</ref> provided for the creation of "a force of police to be called and known as 'The {{lang|ga|Garda Síochána}}{{'"}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.policehistory.com/issues.html|title=Garda Síochána Historical Society|website=PoliceHistory.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-17|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923055106/http://www.policehistory.com/issues.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 Separate from the Gardaí, a Protection Officers Corps was set up to provide bodyguards for prominent treatyites during the [[Irish Civil War|Civil War]]. There was also a more secretive body called the Citizens Defence Force, responsible directly to Kevin O’Higgins and funded through the offices of Arthur Cox. In charge of it was a Captain Henry Harrison, an Englishman who had been a meddler in Irish politics for many years. The exact function of this force remains unclear but some believe responsible for the unsolved disappearance of a number of prominent Republicans at that time. The remains of one of them, Noel Lemass, was discovered by accident years afterwards; secretly buried in the Dublin Mountains.
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 * Presidential, ministerial and diplomatic protection, [[physical security]] for visiting VIPs
-SDU [[bodyguard]]s accompany the [[President of Ireland]], [[Michael D. Higgins]], on official visits in the [[Republic of Ireland]] and internationally, and the [[Taoiseach]], [[Micheál Martin]], is protected by a Close Protection detail from the SDU.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Keeffe|first1=Cormac|title=The problems of trying to get policing and national security to walk the line|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/the-problems-of-trying-to-get-policing-and-national-security-to-walk-the-line-292044.html|access-date=23 November 2014|newspaper=The Irish Examiner|date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Full-time armed protection and transport is afforded to; the [[Tánaiste]], [[Minister for Justice (Ireland)|Minister for Justice]], [[Attorney General of Ireland|Attorney General]], [[Chief Justice of Ireland|Chief Justice]], [[Director of Public Prosecutions (Ireland)|Director of Public Prosecutions]] and [[Garda Commissioner]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Griffin|first1=Dan|title=Ministerial transport costs more than €14m since 2011|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/ministerial-transport-costs-more-than-14m-since-2011-1.2010553|access-date=23 November 2014|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=21 November 2014}}</ref> All government ministers and former Presidents and Taoisigh are provided with armed protection and transport when their security is deemed under threat, otherwise it is reserved for official state occasions.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor|first1=Niall|last2=Byrne|first2=Luke|title=Armed detectives set to 'shadow' ministers|url=http://www.herald.ie/news/armed-detectives-set-to-shadow-ministers-30761881.html|access-date=23 November 2014|newspaper=The Herald (Ireland)|date=21 November 2014}}</ref>
+SDU [[bodyguard]]s accompany the [[President of Ireland]], [[Michael D. Higgins]], on official visits in the [[Republic of Ireland]] and internationally, and the [[Taoiseach]], [[Micheál Martin]], is protected by a Close Protection detail from the SDU.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Keeffe|first1=Cormac|title=The problems of trying to get policing and national security to walk the line|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/the-problems-of-trying-to-get-policing-and-national-security-to-walk-the-line-292044.html|access-date=23 November 2014|newspaper=The Irish Examiner|date=20 November 2014|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129063752/http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/the-problems-of-trying-to-get-policing-and-national-security-to-walk-the-line-292044.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Full-time armed protection and transport is afforded to; the [[Tánaiste]], [[Minister for Justice (Ireland)|Minister for Justice]], [[Attorney General of Ireland|Attorney General]], [[Chief Justice of Ireland|Chief Justice]], [[Director of Public Prosecutions (Ireland)|Director of Public Prosecutions]] and [[Garda Commissioner]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Griffin|first1=Dan|title=Ministerial transport costs more than €14m since 2011|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/ministerial-transport-costs-more-than-14m-since-2011-1.2010553|access-date=23 November 2014|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=21 November 2014|archive-date=21 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121232743/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/ministerial-transport-costs-more-than-14m-since-2011-1.2010553|url-status=live}}</ref> All government ministers and former Presidents and Taoisigh are provided with armed protection and transport when their security is deemed under threat, otherwise it is reserved for official state occasions.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor|first1=Niall|last2=Byrne|first2=Luke|title=Armed detectives set to 'shadow' ministers|url=http://www.herald.ie/news/armed-detectives-set-to-shadow-ministers-30761881.html|access-date=23 November 2014|newspaper=The Herald (Ireland)|date=21 November 2014|archive-date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112224456/http://www.herald.ie/news/armed-detectives-set-to-shadow-ministers-30761881.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-[[Ambassador]]s and high-ranking foreign diplomats within the [[Republic of Ireland]] are given protection by the SDU when their safety or security is "at risk". High-risk foreign diplomatic premises are also protected by the unit, such as the [[Diplomatic mission|embassies]] and diplomatic residences of the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[Israel]] in Dublin.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cusack|first=Jim|title=Exposed: US embassy is top terror risk|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/exposed-us-embassy-is-top-terror-risk-26223368.html|access-date=7 February 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=8 August 2004}}</ref>
+[[Ambassador]]s and high-ranking foreign diplomats within the [[Republic of Ireland]] are given protection by the SDU when their safety or security is "at risk". High-risk foreign diplomatic premises are also protected by the unit, such as the [[Diplomatic mission|embassies]] and diplomatic residences of the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[Israel]] in Dublin.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cusack|first=Jim|title=Exposed: US embassy is top terror risk|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/exposed-us-embassy-is-top-terror-risk-26223368.html|access-date=7 February 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=8 August 2004|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022415/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/exposed-us-embassy-is-top-terror-risk-26223368.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Gardaí use five levels to grade the international [[Terror alert system|terror threat level]] to the Republic of Ireland; low, moderate, substantial, severe and critical. The gradings are based on a series of factors, including information supplied by international authorities. The current level is considered to be moderate, meaning an attack is "possible, but not likely".<ref>{{cite news|title=Terror threat level unaffected by attacks|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/terror-threat-level-unaffected-by-attacks-31333802.html|access-date=1 July 2015|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=27 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Paul|last2=Brady|first2=Tom|title=Units to counter terrorism step up training|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/units-to-counter-terrorism-step-up-training-34228317.html|access-date=24 November 2015|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
+Gardaí use five levels to grade the international [[Terror alert system|terror threat level]] to the Republic of Ireland; low, moderate, substantial, severe and critical. The gradings are based on a series of factors, including information supplied by international authorities. The current level is considered to be moderate, meaning an attack is "possible, but not likely".<ref>{{cite news|title=Terror threat level unaffected by attacks|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/terror-threat-level-unaffected-by-attacks-31333802.html|access-date=1 July 2015|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=27 June 2015|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925042026/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/terror-threat-level-unaffected-by-attacks-31333802.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Paul|last2=Brady|first2=Tom|title=Units to counter terrorism step up training|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/units-to-counter-terrorism-step-up-training-34228317.html|access-date=24 November 2015|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=24 November 2015|archive-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125133921/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/units-to-counter-terrorism-step-up-training-34228317.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Organisational structure==
-The Special Detective Unit operates out of the Dublin Metropolitan Region (DMR) Headquarters of the Gardaí in Harcourt Street, Dublin, and has personnel in all six Garda regions (DMR, Eastern, Northern, Southern, South-Eastern and Western). The unit has a number of secret buildings within the [[Republic of Ireland]], which it uses for covert operations. The SDU has a strength of between 200 and 300 [[Undercover operation#Plainclothes law enforcement|plainclothes]] detectives, and a further 100 officers attached to the Emergency Response Unit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Paul|title=Gardai firearms training cancelled due to cutbacks|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-firearms-training-cancelled-due-to-cutbacks-29584501.html|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=17 September 2013}}</ref> The agency is headed by a [[Chief superintendent|Detective Chief Superintendent]], who is under the command of the [[Assistant commissioner]] in charge of the [[Garda Crime and Security Branch|Crime & Security Branch]] (CSB), who reports directly to the Garda Commissioner. The Garda Commissioner briefs the [[Minister for Justice (Ireland)|Minister for Justice]], [[Taoiseach]] and the [[National Security Committee (Ireland)|National Security Committee]] (NSC) on [[National security|state security]] matters.
+The Special Detective Unit operates out of the Dublin Metropolitan Region (DMR) Headquarters of the Gardaí in Harcourt Street, Dublin, and has personnel in all six Garda regions (DMR, Eastern, Northern, Southern, South-Eastern and Western). The unit has a number of secret buildings within the [[Republic of Ireland]], which it uses for covert operations. The SDU has a strength of between 200 and 300 [[Undercover operation#Plainclothes law enforcement|plainclothes]] detectives, and a further 100 officers attached to the Emergency Response Unit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Paul|title=Gardai firearms training cancelled due to cutbacks|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-firearms-training-cancelled-due-to-cutbacks-29584501.html|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=17 September 2013|archive-date=3 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503190547/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-firearms-training-cancelled-due-to-cutbacks-29584501.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The agency is headed by a [[Chief superintendent|Detective Chief Superintendent]], who is under the command of the [[Assistant commissioner]] in charge of the [[Garda Crime and Security Branch|Crime & Security Branch]] (CSB), who reports directly to the Garda Commissioner. The Garda Commissioner briefs the [[Minister for Justice (Ireland)|Minister for Justice]], [[Taoiseach]] and the [[National Security Committee (Ireland)|National Security Committee]] (NSC) on [[National security|state security]] matters.
 The SDU uses anti-terrorism legislation (chiefly the [[Offences against the State Acts 1939–1998|Offences against the State Acts]]) to conduct operations, and uses the non-jury [[Special Criminal Court]] to prosecute terrorism offenders. The SDU is a highly secretive organisation that does its utmost to stay out of the media spotlight, and when officers from the unit appear in court they routinely give evidence anonymously from behind a screen to protect their identity. All officers within the unit carry firearms, and train more often than regular police detectives. All officers are armed with concealed [[semi-automatic pistol]]s, and if the situation requires, they have access to [[shotgun]]s, [[submachine gun]]s, [[assault rifle]]s and [[sniper rifle]]s. The SDU has a large pool of unmarked and armoured cars, and has access to helicopters if needed.
-The budget for the SDU is classified, although it is drawn from the overall Garda budget (€1.34 billion in 2014). The only published figures are those for the budget to pay [[Informant|confidential informants]], via the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) system. The fund used to pay informers is known as the "Secret Service" budget, and it is shared between the Crime & Security Branch and [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]]. In 2014, it was €1 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Irish Secret Service Budget 2014|url=http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2014/Documents/Expenditure%20Report%202014.pdf|work=15 October 2013|publisher=Office of the Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform. 2|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> Although the service's jurisdiction is the [[Republic of Ireland]], officers from the unit have been active in [[Northern Ireland]], a region which is officially part of the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Infiltrated' claims follow mortar bid|url=http://republican-news.org/current/news/2013/03/infiltrated_claims_follow_mort.html|access-date=8 April 2014|newspaper="Irish Republican News"|date=8 March 2013}}</ref>
+The budget for the SDU is classified, although it is drawn from the overall Garda budget (€1.34 billion in 2014). The only published figures are those for the budget to pay [[Informant|confidential informants]], via the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) system. The fund used to pay informers is known as the "Secret Service" budget, and it is shared between the Crime & Security Branch and [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]]. In 2014, it was €1 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Irish Secret Service Budget 2014|url=http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2014/Documents/Expenditure%20Report%202014.pdf|work=15 October 2013|publisher=Office of the Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform. 2|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-date=10 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010021523/http://budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2014/Documents/Expenditure|url-status=live}}</ref> Although the service's jurisdiction is the [[Republic of Ireland]], officers from the unit have been active in [[Northern Ireland]], a region which is officially part of the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Infiltrated' claims follow mortar bid|url=http://republican-news.org/current/news/2013/03/infiltrated_claims_follow_mort.html|access-date=8 April 2014|newspaper="Irish Republican News"|date=8 March 2013|archive-date=8 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408223611/http://republican-news.org/current/news/2013/03/infiltrated_claims_follow_mort.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In 2013, the Republic of Ireland had the fourth highest number of arrests for terrorism-related offences in the entire [[European Union]], with 41 individuals arrested, behind only France (225), Spain (90) and the United Kingdom (77), according to [[Europol]].<ref>{{cite web|title=European Union (EU) Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (Europol Te-Sat 2014)|url=https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/europol_tsat14_web.pdf|work=28 May 2014|publisher=European Police Office (Europol)|access-date=4 June 2014}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The average prison sentence for a person convicted under terrorism legislation in the Republic of Ireland was 12 years in 2013, the third highest in the EU, behind [[Greece]] (27 years) and Spain (14 years).<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Keeffe|first1=Cormac|title=Irish jail terms for terrorists average at 12 years|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/irish-jail-terms-for-terrorists-average-at-12-years-270848.html|access-date=4 June 2014|newspaper=The Irish Examiner|date=4 June 2014}}</ref>
+In 2013, the Republic of Ireland had the fourth highest number of arrests for terrorism-related offences in the entire [[European Union]], with 41 individuals arrested, behind only France (225), Spain (90) and the United Kingdom (77), according to [[Europol]].<ref>{{cite web|title=European Union (EU) Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (Europol Te-Sat 2014)|url=https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/europol_tsat14_web.pdf|work=28 May 2014|publisher=European Police Office (Europol)|access-date=4 June 2014}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The average prison sentence for a person convicted under terrorism legislation in the Republic of Ireland was 12 years in 2013, the third highest in the EU, behind [[Greece]] (27 years) and Spain (14 years).<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Keeffe|first1=Cormac|title=Irish jail terms for terrorists average at 12 years|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/irish-jail-terms-for-terrorists-average-at-12-years-270848.html|access-date=4 June 2014|newspaper=The Irish Examiner|date=4 June 2014|archive-date=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606231012/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/irish-jail-terms-for-terrorists-average-at-12-years-270848.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Emergency Response Unit===
 [[File:Garda EMU.png|thumbnail|A member of the elite [[Garda Emergency Response Unit|Garda ERU]] on armed patrol in [[Dublin]]]]
 {{main|Garda Emergency Response Unit}}
-The Garda '''[[Garda Emergency Response Unit|Emergency Response Unit]]''' ('''ERU''') is the national armed tactical intervention unit of the Gardaí, and a former subsection of the Special Detective Unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=An Garda Síochána Emergency Response Unit (ERU)|url=http://garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=4 May 2014}}</ref> The ERU's manpower is approximately 100 full-time officers, who are trained and equipped for a range of situations which other Garda units may be unable to deal with. The SDU and ERU carry out joint operations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carty|first=Ed|title=Gardai swoop on dissidents after Real IRA funeral display|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-swoop-on-dissidents-after-real-ira-funeral-display-26897474.html|access-date=5 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=2 December 2012}}</ref>
+The Garda '''[[Garda Emergency Response Unit|Emergency Response Unit]]''' ('''ERU''') is the national armed tactical intervention unit of the Gardaí, and a former subsection of the Special Detective Unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=An Garda Síochána Emergency Response Unit (ERU)|url=http://garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=4 May 2014|archive-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505020318/http://garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref> The ERU's manpower is approximately 100 full-time officers, who are trained and equipped for a range of situations which other Garda units may be unable to deal with. The SDU and ERU carry out joint operations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carty|first=Ed|title=Gardai swoop on dissidents after Real IRA funeral display|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-swoop-on-dissidents-after-real-ira-funeral-display-26897474.html|access-date=5 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=2 December 2012|archive-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505143329/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-swoop-on-dissidents-after-real-ira-funeral-display-26897474.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Counter-Terrorism International===
 {{main|Garda Counter-Terrorism International}}
-The Garda '''[[Garda Counter-Terrorism International|Counter-Terrorism International]]''' ('''CTI''') unit was established in 2014 as a dedicated section of the SDU to identify and monitor [[Islamic terrorism]] threats and share intelligence with international security and law enforcement agencies on this issue. The Garda CTI has up to 50 full-time members who operate over 5 shifts. This section has its own surveillance teams and informants, and reports directly to the Garda Commissioner.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O’Keeffe|first1=Cormac|title=Lack of gardaí and slashing of overtime budgets limits Ireland's ability to fight Islamic extremists|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/lack-of-gardai-and-slashing-of-overtime-budgets-limits-irelands-ability-to-fight-islamic-extremists-365567.html|access-date=19 November 2015|newspaper=The Irish Examiner|date=18 November 2015}}</ref> The Counter-Terrorism Domestic (CTD) section deals with [[domestic terrorism|homegrown terrorism]].<ref name ="CT 1"/>
+The Garda '''[[Garda Counter-Terrorism International|Counter-Terrorism International]]''' ('''CTI''') unit was established in 2014 as a dedicated section of the SDU to identify and monitor [[Islamic terrorism]] threats and share intelligence with international security and law enforcement agencies on this issue. The Garda CTI has up to 50 full-time members who operate over 5 shifts. This section has its own surveillance teams and informants, and reports directly to the Garda Commissioner.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O’Keeffe|first1=Cormac|title=Lack of gardaí and slashing of overtime budgets limits Ireland's ability to fight Islamic extremists|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/lack-of-gardai-and-slashing-of-overtime-budgets-limits-irelands-ability-to-fight-islamic-extremists-365567.html|access-date=19 November 2015|newspaper=The Irish Examiner|date=18 November 2015|archive-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119151032/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/lack-of-gardai-and-slashing-of-overtime-budgets-limits-irelands-ability-to-fight-islamic-extremists-365567.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Counter-Terrorism Domestic (CTD) section deals with [[domestic terrorism|homegrown terrorism]].<ref name ="CT 1"/>
 ===Hostage Negotiation Section===
-The Garda '''Hostage Negotiation Section''' ('''HNS'''), officially formed in 2007, is a subdivision of the Garda SDU. It is headed by an experienced [[Superintendent (police)|Detective Superintendent]], who cannot be identified for operational reasons. The senior HNS officer along with the Garda National Negotiator Co-Ordinator (NNC) are involved in the selection, training and coordination of the more than 70 specialist Garda negotiators stationed in all divisions in the country. Officers under the command of this section are not necessarily Special Branch detectives. Negotiators are educated at the [[Garda Síochána College]], [[Metropolitan Police Service]], [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) and the Central Mental Hospital ([[Health Service Executive|HSE]] National Forensic Mental Health Service).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Paul|title=Garda negotiators called to two suicide-threat cases every week|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/garda-negotiators-called-to-two-suicidethreat-cases-every-week-30807087.html|access-date=9 December 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=9 December 2014}}</ref>
+The Garda '''Hostage Negotiation Section''' ('''HNS'''), officially formed in 2007, is a subdivision of the Garda SDU. It is headed by an experienced [[Superintendent (police)|Detective Superintendent]], who cannot be identified for operational reasons. The senior HNS officer along with the Garda National Negotiator Co-Ordinator (NNC) are involved in the selection, training and coordination of the more than 70 specialist Garda negotiators stationed in all divisions in the country. Officers under the command of this section are not necessarily Special Branch detectives. Negotiators are educated at the [[Garda Síochána College]], [[Metropolitan Police Service]], [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) and the Central Mental Hospital ([[Health Service Executive|HSE]] National Forensic Mental Health Service).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Paul|title=Garda negotiators called to two suicide-threat cases every week|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/garda-negotiators-called-to-two-suicidethreat-cases-every-week-30807087.html|access-date=9 December 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=9 December 2014|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209070134/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/garda-negotiators-called-to-two-suicidethreat-cases-every-week-30807087.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Witness Security Programme===
 {{main|Witness Security Programme (Ireland)}}
-The Garda '''Witness Protection Unit''' is a small, dedicated and highly secretive subsection of the SDU, which operates the state's '''[[Witness Security Programme (Ireland)|Witness Security Programme]]''', at the direction of the [[Attorney General of Ireland]]. The unit (established in 1997) is headed by a Detective Inspector, and further reinforcements can be drawn from the Special Branch when there is a need. The Garda ERU provide tactical assistance to the programme. The budget for the unit was €1.198 million in 2014. Witnesses in the programme are given a new identity, address and armed police protection either in Ireland or abroad. There has never been a reported breach of security in which a protectee was harmed.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Crime & Security Branch (Witness Security Programme)|url=http://garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref>
+The Garda '''Witness Protection Unit''' is a small, dedicated and highly secretive subsection of the SDU, which operates the state's '''[[Witness Security Programme (Ireland)|Witness Security Programme]]''', at the direction of the [[Attorney General of Ireland]]. The unit (established in 1997) is headed by a Detective Inspector, and further reinforcements can be drawn from the Special Branch when there is a need. The Garda ERU provide tactical assistance to the programme. The budget for the unit was €1.198 million in 2014. Witnesses in the programme are given a new identity, address and armed police protection either in Ireland or abroad. There has never been a reported breach of security in which a protectee was harmed.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Crime & Security Branch (Witness Security Programme)|url=http://garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=4 January 2015|archive-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505020318/http://garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=40&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Operations==
@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 The Special Detective Unit works closely with other specialist and national units within the ''Garda Síochána'', namely the [[Garda National Surveillance Unit|National Surveillance Unit]] (NSU) – a police [[List of intelligence gathering disciplines|intelligence gathering]] agency – and the heavily armed intervention teams of the Emergency Response Unit (ERU). The Special Detective Unit works with the [[National Economic Crime Bureau]] (GNECB) in relation to [[financial intelligence]] and [[terrorism financing]]. The Defence Forces [[Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)|Directorate of Military Intelligence]] – the Republic of Ireland's national intelligence agency – shares intelligence, trains with and carries out joint operations with the unit. The SDU has historically operated in tandem with American, British and other European law enforcement agencies in combating terrorists and foreign government threats. They maintain a strong working relationship with the [[Police Service of Northern Ireland]] (PSNI), London [[Metropolitan Police Service]] (MPS, or 'the Met'), British [[MI5|Security Services]] (MI5) and the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), among others, and share information with [[Europol]] and [[Interpol]].
-An MI5 unit based at the regional headquarters (Palace Barracks) in [[Holywood]], [[County Down]], in Northern Ireland works with both the PSNI and Gardaí to track the activities of domestic and foreign terrorist threats, and in 2008 this led to the discovery of a suspected [[al-Qaeda]] bomb making factory in [[County Kerry]], where three people were arrested, some of whom had previously been under surveillance by the Special Detective Unit's Middle Eastern Bureau<ref>{{cite news|title=Gardai in daily contact with MI5 to check on terror cells|url=http://www.sundayworld.com/top-stories/crime-desk/investigations/al-qaeda-threat-to-obama-irish-visit|access-date=3 June 2014|newspaper=Sunday World|date=8 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010859/http://www.sundayworld.com/top-stories/crime-desk/investigations/al-qaeda-threat-to-obama-irish-visit|archive-date=7 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and National Surveillance Unit.<ref>{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Henry|title=MI5 targets Ireland's al-Qaeda cells|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/02/alqaida.ireland|access-date=27 April 2014|newspaper=The Observer (The Guardian Newspaper)|date=2 March 2008}}</ref>
+An MI5 unit based at the regional headquarters (Palace Barracks) in [[Holywood]], [[County Down]], in Northern Ireland works with both the PSNI and Gardaí to track the activities of domestic and foreign terrorist threats, and in 2008 this led to the discovery of a suspected [[al-Qaeda]] bomb making factory in [[County Kerry]], where three people were arrested, some of whom had previously been under surveillance by the Special Detective Unit's Middle Eastern Bureau<ref>{{cite news|title=Gardai in daily contact with MI5 to check on terror cells|url=http://www.sundayworld.com/top-stories/crime-desk/investigations/al-qaeda-threat-to-obama-irish-visit|access-date=3 June 2014|newspaper=Sunday World|date=8 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010859/http://www.sundayworld.com/top-stories/crime-desk/investigations/al-qaeda-threat-to-obama-irish-visit|archive-date=7 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and National Surveillance Unit.<ref>{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Henry|title=MI5 targets Ireland's al-Qaeda cells|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/02/alqaida.ireland|access-date=27 April 2014|newspaper=The Observer (The Guardian Newspaper)|date=2 March 2008|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126122456/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/02/alqaida.ireland|url-status=live}}</ref>
-SDU officers have conducted operations alongside Irish Military Intelligence, the United States' [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) and FBI in monitoring, arresting and prosecuting suspected al-Qaeda extremists using [[Ireland]] as a launchpad for terror attacks on [[Europe]] and the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Osama%27s+SECRET+millions%3B+GARDAI+VOW+TO+FREEZE+AL-QAEDA+CASH+HIDDEN...-a0115953091|title=Osama bin Laden's secret millions; Gardai vow to freeze al-Qaeda cash hidden away in Irish bank accounts|access-date=1 June 2010}}</ref> The agency was involved in foiling several radical Islamic militants in [[County Cork|Cork]] suspected of plotting to assassinate Swedish cartoonist [[Lars Vilks]] in 2009, in response to an [[Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn|al-Qaeda in Iraq]] bounty after the [[Lars Vilks Muhammad drawings controversy|Muhammad drawings controversy]], working with British and American intelligence agencies.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/15570322 |title=Muslims Arrested Over Cartoonist Murder Plot |date=9 March 2010 |access-date=15 November 2011 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0309/waterford.html |publisher=[[RTÉ News and Current Affairs]] |date=9 March 2010 |access-date=15 March 2011 |title=Arrests over alleged plot to kill cartoonist}}</ref>
+SDU officers have conducted operations alongside Irish Military Intelligence, the United States' [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) and FBI in monitoring, arresting and prosecuting suspected al-Qaeda extremists using [[Ireland]] as a launchpad for terror attacks on [[Europe]] and the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Osama%27s+SECRET+millions%3B+GARDAI+VOW+TO+FREEZE+AL-QAEDA+CASH+HIDDEN...-a0115953091|title=Osama bin Laden's secret millions; Gardai vow to freeze al-Qaeda cash hidden away in Irish bank accounts|access-date=1 June 2010|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222140243/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Osama%27s+SECRET+millions%3B+GARDAI+VOW+TO+FREEZE+AL-QAEDA+CASH+HIDDEN...-a0115953091|url-status=live}}</ref> The agency was involved in foiling several radical Islamic militants in [[County Cork|Cork]] suspected of plotting to assassinate Swedish cartoonist [[Lars Vilks]] in 2009, in response to an [[Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn|al-Qaeda in Iraq]] bounty after the [[Lars Vilks Muhammad drawings controversy|Muhammad drawings controversy]], working with British and American intelligence agencies.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/15570322 |title=Muslims Arrested Over Cartoonist Murder Plot |date=9 March 2010 |access-date=15 November 2011 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0309/waterford.html |publisher=[[RTÉ News and Current Affairs]] |date=9 March 2010 |access-date=15 March 2011 |title=Arrests over alleged plot to kill cartoonist |archive-date=11 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022347/http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0309/waterford.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In 2010, the Special Detective Unit, Garda [[Garda Bureau of Fraud Investigation|Bureau of Fraud Investigation]] (GBFI) and [[Criminal Assets Bureau]] (CAB) broke up what was described by Europol as "one of the biggest and most sophisticated counterfeiting operations ever uncovered in Europe", which had the capacity to produce €200 million (£167 million/$276 million) in [[Counterfeit money|counterfeit]] [[banknote]]s annually, some of which were shipped as far away as Japan, in an attempt to fund [[Dissident republican|IRA terrorist and criminal]] activities.<ref>{{cite news|title=IRA 'linked to €200M counterfeit cash bunker'|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/ira-linked-to-counterfeit-cash-bunker-28541271.html|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=Belfast Telegraph|date=14 June 2010}}</ref>
+In 2010, the Special Detective Unit, Garda [[Garda Bureau of Fraud Investigation|Bureau of Fraud Investigation]] (GBFI) and [[Criminal Assets Bureau]] (CAB) broke up what was described by Europol as "one of the biggest and most sophisticated counterfeiting operations ever uncovered in Europe", which had the capacity to produce €200 million (£167 million/$276 million) in [[Counterfeit money|counterfeit]] [[banknote]]s annually, some of which were shipped as far away as Japan, in an attempt to fund [[Dissident republican|IRA terrorist and criminal]] activities.<ref>{{cite news|title=IRA 'linked to €200M counterfeit cash bunker'|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/ira-linked-to-counterfeit-cash-bunker-28541271.html|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=Belfast Telegraph|date=14 June 2010|archive-date=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322030423/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/ira-linked-to-counterfeit-cash-bunker-28541271.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-The Special Detective Unit was the principal security agency involved in protecting Britain's [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] on her [[Queen Elizabeth II's state visit to the Republic of Ireland|historic visit]] to the Republic of Ireland in the summer of 2011, facing a significant threat from dissident republican paramilitary organizations, and they scuppered a number of attempted bombings and assassination attempts to ensure a peaceful visit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kelleher|first=Lynne|title=Arrests made to protect Queen, reveals Callinan|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/arrests-made-to-protect-queen-reveals-callinan-30158974.html|access-date=16 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=6 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Henry|title=Queen's visit to Ireland: Garda foil plans to disrupt Dublin events|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/may/17/queens-visit-ireland-garda-foil-disruption|access-date=6 February 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 May 2011}}</ref> The SDU also worked alongside the [[United States Secret Service]] (USSS) and [[Diplomatic Security Service]] (DSS) in a heightened security state during the visit of US President [[Barack Obama]] to Ireland in 2011, fearing retaliation from [[al-Qaeda]] terrorists in response to the [[death of Osama bin Laden]] a number of weeks earlier. It was Obama's first trip overseas following the killing of bin Laden by [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs]] in Pakistan, and his visit was deemed a major success.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sundayworld.com/columnists/sw-irish-crime.php?aid=7603 |title=al-Qaeda threat to Obama Ireland visit|access-date=15 November 2011 |newspaper=[[Sunday World]]}}</ref>
+The Special Detective Unit was the principal security agency involved in protecting Britain's [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] on her [[Queen Elizabeth II's state visit to the Republic of Ireland|historic visit]] to the Republic of Ireland in the summer of 2011, facing a significant threat from dissident republican paramilitary organizations, and they scuppered a number of attempted bombings and assassination attempts to ensure a peaceful visit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kelleher|first=Lynne|title=Arrests made to protect Queen, reveals Callinan|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/arrests-made-to-protect-queen-reveals-callinan-30158974.html|access-date=16 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=6 April 2014|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083149/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/arrests-made-to-protect-queen-reveals-callinan-30158974.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Henry|title=Queen's visit to Ireland: Garda foil plans to disrupt Dublin events|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/may/17/queens-visit-ireland-garda-foil-disruption|access-date=6 February 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 May 2011|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826090754/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/may/17/queens-visit-ireland-garda-foil-disruption|url-status=live}}</ref> The SDU also worked alongside the [[United States Secret Service]] (USSS) and [[Diplomatic Security Service]] (DSS) in a heightened security state during the visit of US President [[Barack Obama]] to Ireland in 2011, fearing retaliation from [[al-Qaeda]] terrorists in response to the [[death of Osama bin Laden]] a number of weeks earlier. It was Obama's first trip overseas following the killing of bin Laden by [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs]] in Pakistan, and his visit was deemed a major success.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sundayworld.com/columnists/sw-irish-crime.php?aid=7603 |title=al-Qaeda threat to Obama Ireland visit |access-date=15 November 2011 |newspaper=[[Sunday World]] |archive-date=2 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402004648/http://www.sundayworld.com/columnists/sw-irish-crime.php?aid=7603 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Following the outbreak of the [[Syrian Civil War]] (2011–present) and the campaign of violence perpetrated by the "[[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]]" (2014) terrorist organisation in [[Iraq]], the Middle Eastern Bureau of the Special Detective Unit and the Directorate of Military Intelligence increased their monitoring of [[Irish nationality law|Irish residents]] and [[Irish passport|citizens]] who travelled to conflict regions in the [[Middle East]] to partake in fighting, with the fear they may become radicalised and carry out Islamic [[Jihadism|jihadist]] terrorist attacks in Ireland, Europe and [[North America]] upon their return.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Tom|last2=Phelan|first2=Shane|last3=Worden|first3=Tom|title=Hunt begins for 'Jailer John' as gardai step up surveillance on 30 Irish jihadi fighters|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/hunt-begins-for-jailer-john-as-gardai-step-up-surveillance-on-30-irish-jihadi-fighters-30524986.html|access-date=7 September 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=21 August 2014}}</ref> The Middle Eastern Bureau and Military Intelligence is tasked with monitoring between 30 and 60 people living in Ireland who are under suspicion due to their links with [[Islamic extremism|Muslim extremist]] organisations.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Tom|last2=Phelan|first2=Shane|title=30 Irish jihad fighters travelling to middle east from Dublin base|url=http://www.herald.ie/news/30-irish-jihad-fighters-travelling-to-middle-east-from-dublin-base-30525759.html|access-date=7 September 2014|publisher=Herald|date=21 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Secret army squad keeps watch on 60 Al Qaeda in Ireland |url=http://www.thestar.ie/star/secret-army-squad-keeps-watch-on-60-al-qaeda-in-ireland-26336/ |access-date=7 September 2014 |publisher=Irish Daily Star |date=26 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820222128/http://www.thestar.ie/star/secret-army-squad-keeps-watch-on-60-al-qaeda-in-ireland-26336/ |archive-date=20 August 2014 }}</ref> The Irish authorities have been working with the British security services, MI5 and the [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (SIS/MI6), to identify possible returning terrorists by sharing data, information and intelligence, operating a joint database and watchlist, and cross-checking airline passenger manifests to track Irish and UK residents and citizens who are travelling to and from conflict zones in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Tom|title=How we're tracking jihadis with Britain|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/how-were-tracking-jihadis-with-britain-30551440.html|access-date=7 September 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=1 September 2014}}</ref> The US [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) also shares intelligence with the Gardaí and Defence Forces security services with regards to the activities of fighters in Syria and Iraq who have originated from the Republic of Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lally|first1=Conor|last2=Kelly|first2=Fiach|title=Jihadist suspects passing through Ireland monitored|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/jihadist-suspects-passing-through-ireland-monitored-1.1918234|access-date=7 September 2014|newspaper=Irish Times|date=5 September 2014}}</ref>
+Following the outbreak of the [[Syrian Civil War]] (2011–present) and the campaign of violence perpetrated by the "[[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]]" (2014) terrorist organisation in [[Iraq]], the Middle Eastern Bureau of the Special Detective Unit and the Directorate of Military Intelligence increased their monitoring of [[Irish nationality law|Irish residents]] and [[Irish passport|citizens]] who travelled to conflict regions in the [[Middle East]] to partake in fighting, with the fear they may become radicalised and carry out Islamic [[Jihadism|jihadist]] terrorist attacks in Ireland, Europe and [[North America]] upon their return.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Tom|last2=Phelan|first2=Shane|last3=Worden|first3=Tom|title=Hunt begins for 'Jailer John' as gardai step up surveillance on 30 Irish jihadi fighters|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/hunt-begins-for-jailer-john-as-gardai-step-up-surveillance-on-30-irish-jihadi-fighters-30524986.html|access-date=7 September 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=21 August 2014|archive-date=22 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822095333/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/hunt-begins-for-jailer-john-as-gardai-step-up-surveillance-on-30-irish-jihadi-fighters-30524986.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Middle Eastern Bureau and Military Intelligence is tasked with monitoring between 30 and 60 people living in Ireland who are under suspicion due to their links with [[Islamic extremism|Muslim extremist]] organisations.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Tom|last2=Phelan|first2=Shane|title=30 Irish jihad fighters travelling to middle east from Dublin base|url=http://www.herald.ie/news/30-irish-jihad-fighters-travelling-to-middle-east-from-dublin-base-30525759.html|access-date=7 September 2014|publisher=Herald|date=21 August 2014|archive-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014023631/http://www.herald.ie/news/30-irish-jihad-fighters-travelling-to-middle-east-from-dublin-base-30525759.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Secret army squad keeps watch on 60 Al Qaeda in Ireland |url=http://www.thestar.ie/star/secret-army-squad-keeps-watch-on-60-al-qaeda-in-ireland-26336/ |access-date=7 September 2014 |publisher=Irish Daily Star |date=26 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820222128/http://www.thestar.ie/star/secret-army-squad-keeps-watch-on-60-al-qaeda-in-ireland-26336/ |archive-date=20 August 2014 }}</ref> The Irish authorities have been working with the British security services, MI5 and the [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (SIS/MI6), to identify possible returning terrorists by sharing data, information and intelligence, operating a joint database and watchlist, and cross-checking airline passenger manifests to track Irish and UK residents and citizens who are travelling to and from conflict zones in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Tom|title=How we're tracking jihadis with Britain|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/how-were-tracking-jihadis-with-britain-30551440.html|access-date=7 September 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=1 September 2014|archive-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908080143/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/how-were-tracking-jihadis-with-britain-30551440.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The US [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) also shares intelligence with the Gardaí and Defence Forces security services with regards to the activities of fighters in Syria and Iraq who have originated from the Republic of Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lally|first1=Conor|last2=Kelly|first2=Fiach|title=Jihadist suspects passing through Ireland monitored|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/jihadist-suspects-passing-through-ireland-monitored-1.1918234|access-date=7 September 2014|newspaper=Irish Times|date=5 September 2014|archive-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908000605/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/jihadist-suspects-passing-through-ireland-monitored-1.1918234|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Electronic surveillance===
-It has been alleged that the Special Detective Unit has been involved in the [[telephone tapping]] and [[email hacking]] of crime journalists in Ireland, in attempts to reveal the identity of sources that appear in newspaper stories on crime and terrorism. A number of journalists have accused the unit of monitoring their electronic communications, as well as carrying out covert surveillance on them when they are meeting sources in person. Some journalists allege they have been questioned (and threatened with arrest) about sources used in crime and terrorism stories, including about Garda officers speaking to the media when not sanctioned to do so by senior management. Warrantless wiretapping by the authorities in the Republic of Ireland is not illegal, but in the absence of a [[Warrant (law)|warrant]] resulting evidence cannot be used to bring prosecutions in court. The press say they have been asked not to publish certain stories which may jeopardise sensitive Garda operations, but that the force has not attempted to influence reporting.<ref>{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Henry|title=Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/11/irish-journalists-police-monitoring|access-date=7 February 2014|newspaper=Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring|date=11 May 2012}}</ref>
+It has been alleged that the Special Detective Unit has been involved in the [[telephone tapping]] and [[email hacking]] of crime journalists in Ireland, in attempts to reveal the identity of sources that appear in newspaper stories on crime and terrorism. A number of journalists have accused the unit of monitoring their electronic communications, as well as carrying out covert surveillance on them when they are meeting sources in person. Some journalists allege they have been questioned (and threatened with arrest) about sources used in crime and terrorism stories, including about Garda officers speaking to the media when not sanctioned to do so by senior management. Warrantless wiretapping by the authorities in the Republic of Ireland is not illegal, but in the absence of a [[Warrant (law)|warrant]] resulting evidence cannot be used to bring prosecutions in court. The press say they have been asked not to publish certain stories which may jeopardise sensitive Garda operations, but that the force has not attempted to influence reporting.<ref>{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Henry|title=Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/11/irish-journalists-police-monitoring|access-date=7 February 2014|newspaper=Irish journalists accuse police of 'Stasi-like' monitoring|date=11 May 2012|archive-date=29 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129174109/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/11/irish-journalists-police-monitoring|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In the month of January 2012 alone, Gardaí applied for 1,829 "requests for disclosure" from telecommunications and internet companies based in Ireland. There were 1,296 subscriber requests, 494 [[Call tracing|call trace]] requests and 39 [[Internet Protocol|IP]] (computer address) requests. Taken as an average monthly total, theoretically Gardaí would be seeking details of over 20,000 phone and broadband subscribers per annum. These requests have been the subject of an investigation by the Office of the [[Data Protection Commissioner]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Cusack|first=Jim|title=Under the Crime and Security regime, centralised intelligence gathering has expanded hugely|url=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/how-tango-squad-evolved-from-watching-a-gangster-to-the-garda-big-brother-30180665.html|access-date=30 April 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=13 April 2014}}</ref>
+In the month of January 2012 alone, Gardaí applied for 1,829 "requests for disclosure" from telecommunications and internet companies based in Ireland. There were 1,296 subscriber requests, 494 [[Call tracing|call trace]] requests and 39 [[Internet Protocol|IP]] (computer address) requests. Taken as an average monthly total, theoretically Gardaí would be seeking details of over 20,000 phone and broadband subscribers per annum. These requests have been the subject of an investigation by the Office of the [[Data Protection Commissioner]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Cusack|first=Jim|title=Under the Crime and Security regime, centralised intelligence gathering has expanded hugely|url=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/how-tango-squad-evolved-from-watching-a-gangster-to-the-garda-big-brother-30180665.html|access-date=30 April 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=13 April 2014|archive-date=13 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413230105/http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/how-tango-squad-evolved-from-watching-a-gangster-to-the-garda-big-brother-30180665.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Killed in the line of duty==
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 |Patrick McKeown
 |1940
-|Fatally wounded (shot) during raid on IRA safehouse, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=McKeown, Patrick (An Garda Síochána Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5271&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>
+|Fatally wounded (shot) during raid on IRA safehouse, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=McKeown, Patrick (An Garda Síochána Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5271&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212036/http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5271&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 |-style="background:#ddcef2;"
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 |Richard Hyland
 |1940
-|Fatally wounded (shot) during raid on IRA safehouse, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyland, Richard (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5256&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>
+|Fatally wounded (shot) during raid on IRA safehouse, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyland, Richard (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5256&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214439/http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5256&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 |Detective Sergeant
 |[[Denis O'Brien (police officer)|Denis O'Brien]]
 |1942
-|Assassinated (shot) by IRA members in his car, [[County Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=O'Brien, Denis (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5281&Lang=1|publisher=An Garda Síochána}}</ref>
+|Assassinated (shot) by IRA members in his car, [[County Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=O'Brien, Denis (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5281&Lang=1|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-date=14 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173950/http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5281&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 |Detective
 |George Mordaunt
 |1942
-|Murdered (shot) during raid on criminal gang, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mordaunt, George (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5275&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>
+|Murdered (shot) during raid on criminal gang, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mordaunt, George (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5275&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527211751/http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5275&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 |Chief Superintendent
 |Seán Gantly
 |1948
-|Accidentally shot dead while pursuing an escaped prisoner, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gantly, Sean (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5247&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>
+|Accidentally shot dead while pursuing an escaped prisoner, [[Dublin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gantly, Sean (Roll of Honour List)|url=http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5247&Lang=1|work=2014|publisher=An Garda Síochána|access-date=30 May 2014|archive-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531125115/http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=5247&Lang=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 |Detective
 |[[Frank Hand]]
 |1984
-|Fatally wounded (shot) during IRA robbery of cash-in-transit van, [[County Meath]]<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Reilly|first=Rita|title=Family of murdered Garda oppose release of killers|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/family-of-murdered-garda-oppose-release-of-killers-26177339.html|access-date=27 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=10 May 2007}}</ref>
+|Fatally wounded (shot) during IRA robbery of cash-in-transit van, [[County Meath]]<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Reilly|first=Rita|title=Family of murdered Garda oppose release of killers|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/family-of-murdered-garda-oppose-release-of-killers-26177339.html|access-date=27 May 2014|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=10 May 2007|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424062508/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/family-of-murdered-garda-oppose-release-of-killers-26177339.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |-
 |Detective

v t e National intelligence agencies
Foreign intelligence	Afghanistan: GDI Albania: SHISH Algeria: DRS Angola: SIE Argentina: SIDE Armenia: NSS Austria: DSN Australia: ASIS Azerbaijan: XKX Bahrain: NSA Bangladesh: NSI Belarus: KGB RB Belgium: ADIV/SGRS Bosnia and Herzegovina: OSA-OBA Botswana: DIS Brazil: ABIN Brunei: BRD Bulgaria: DAR Cameroon: BMM Canada: CSIS Chad: ANS Chile: ANI China: MSS Congo (Democratic Republic of): ANR Croatia: SOA Cuba: DI Czech Republic: ÚZSI Denmark: FE Djibouti: BSRG Ecuador: SENAIN Egypt: Mukhabarat Estonia: EFIS Ethiopia: NISS France: DGSE Gambia: SIS Georgia: GIS Germany: BND Ghana: BNI, BGU, RDU Greece: EYP Hungary: IH India: RAW Indonesia: BIN Iran: VAJA Iraq: INIS Ireland: G2 Israel: Mossad Italy: AISE Ivory Coast: NSC Japan: CIRO Jordan: GID Kazakhstan: Syrbar Kenya: NIS Kyrgyzstan: UKMK Kuwait: KSS Latvia: SAB Liberia: NSA Lithuania: VSD Lebanon: GDGS Libya: MJ Malaysia: MEIO Mexico: CISEN Moldova: SIS Mongolia: GIA Montenegro: ANB Morocco: DGED Mozambique: SISE Netherlands: AIVD New Zealand: NZSIS Nigeria: NIA North Korea: RGB Republic of North Macedonia: ANB Norway: E-tjenesten Oman: Palace Office Pakistan: ISI Palestine: GIS Papua New Guinea: NIO Philippines: NICA Poland: AW Portugal: SIED Qatar: QSS Romania: SIE Russia: SVR Saudi Arabia: GIP Serbia: BIA Sierra Leone: CISU Singapore: SID Slovakia: SIS Slovenia: SOVA Somalia: NISA South Africa: SSA South Korea: NIS Spain: CNI Sri Lanka: SIS Sudan: GIS Sweden: KSI Switzerland: NDB Syria: GSD Taiwan: NSB Tajikistan: GKNB Tanzania: TISS Thailand: NIA Togo: NIA Tunisia: TIA Turkey: MİT Turkmenistan: MNS Uganda: ESO Ukraine: SZRU United Arab Emirates: SIA United Kingdom: SIS (MI6) United States: CIA Uzbekistan: SSS Vietnam: TC2
Domestic intelligence	Algeria: CSS Angola: SINSE Argentina: SIDE Armenia: NSS Australia: ASIO Austria: DSN Azerbaijan: DTX Bangladesh: SB Belarus: KGB RB Belgium: VS/SE Bosnia and Herzegovina: SIPA Botswana: DIS Brazil: PF Brunei: IRD Bulgaria: DANS Burundi: SNR Canada: CSIS Chile: ANI China: MSS Colombia: DNI Congo (Democratic Republic of): ANR Croatia: SOA Czech Republic: BIS Denmark: PET Egypt: EHS Estonia: KAPO Finland: SUPO France: DGSI Georgia: SSSG Germany: BfV, LfV Ghana: GPS, CID Greece: EYP Hong Kong: NSD, CPGNSO Hungary: AH India: IB Indonesia: Baintelkam Polri (id), BIN Iran: VAJA, IRGC, PAVA Ireland: CSB, SDU, NSU Israel: Shin Bet Italy: AISI Japan: NPA, TMPD PSB, PSIA Kazakhstan: NSC Kenya: NIS Kosovo: AKI Latvia: VDD Lithuania: STT Lebanon: ISF IB, LSS Luxembourg: SREL Macau: DS Malaysia: SB Moldova: SIS Morocco: DGST Netherlands: NCTV New Zealand: NZSIS Nigeria: SSS North Korea: SSD Republic of North Macedonia: IA Norway: PST Oman: ISS Pakistan: IB, FIA Palestine: PPS Paraguay: SNI Peru: DINI Philippines: NBI, NICA Poland: ABW, SOP, SM Portugal: SIS Romania: SRI Russia: FSB Saudi Arabia: Mabahith Serbia: BIA Singapore: ISD Somalia: NISA South Africa: SSA South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, KNPA Spain: CITCO Sri Lanka: SIS Sweden: SÄPO Switzerland: NDB Syria: GSD Taiwan: MJIB Thailand: ISOC, SB Togo: ANR Turkey: MİT, İB Uganda: ISO Ukraine: SBU United Kingdom: Security Service (MI5), NDEDIU, NCA, NBIS United States: I&A, FBI Uzbekistan: SNB Venezuela: SEBIN Vietnam: TC5 (vi) Zimbabwe: CIO
Military intelligence	Algeria: DCSA Angola: SIM Australia: DIO Austria: HNaA Bangladesh: DGFI Belarus: GRU MO RB Belgium: ADIV/SGRS Brazil: DIE Canada: CFINTCOM China: CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau Congo (Democratic Republic of): DEMIAP Croatia: VSOA Cuba: DCIM Czech Republic: VZ Denmark: FE Egypt: DMISR Finland: PE TIEDOS France: DRM, DGSE Germany: MAD Ghana: MIU Hungary: KNBSZ Iran: General Staff, SAHEFAJA, SAHEFASA, SAHEFAVEDJA India: DMI, DIA Indonesia: BAIS TNI, Pusintelad Ireland: G2 Israel: Aman Italy: CII Japan: DIH Kazakhstan: NSC Lithuania: AOTD Malaysia: DIO Maldives: MNDF Morocco: DB Myanmar: Sa Ya Pa Netherlands: MIVD New Zealand: DDIS Nigeria: DIA North Korea: RGB Republic of North Macedonia: MSSI Norway: E-tjenesten Pakistan: MI, NI, AI Palestine: MIS Philippines: ISAFP Poland: SKW, SWW Portugal: CISMIL Romania: DGIA Russia: GRU Saudi Arabia: AFISC Serbia: VBA, VOA Singapore: MIO Slovakia: VS Slovenia: OVS South Africa: SANDF-ID South Korea: DIA, DCC Spain: CIFAS Sri Lanka: DMI Sweden: MUST Switzerland: MND, LWND Syria: MI, AFID Taiwan: MIB Thailand: AFSC Turkey: GENKUR İ.D.B. Ukraine: HUR MO United Kingdom: DI United States: DIA ONI MIC USAFI Venezuela: DGCIM Vietnam: TC2
Signals intelligence	Australia: ASD Bangladesh: NTMC Brazil: 2ª Sch/EMD Canada: CSE China: SIGINT Croatia: OTC Ethiopia: INSA Finland: PVTIEDL France: DGSE, DRSD Germany: BND Ghana: RDU India: JCB, NTRO Indonesia: BSSN (id) Ireland: CIS Israel: 8200 Japan: DIH Kazakhstan: NSC Netherlands: NSO, JSCU New Zealand: GCSB North Korea: RGB Norway: NSM Pakistan: JSIB Poland: AW, ABW, SKW, SWW, NCBC, gOR 3.FO, CRiWWRE, 2.ORel, 6.ORel, JW NIL Romania: STS Russia: Spetssvyaz Saudi Arabia: PSS South Africa: SSA Spain: CCN Sweden: FRA Switzerland: NDB Syria: MI Turkey: MİT-SİB UAE: SIA Ukraine: Derzhspetszviazok United Kingdom: GCHQ United States: NSA
Imagery intelligence	Australia: AGO Finland: PVTIEDL India: DAI Indonesia: BIG Israel: Air Intelligence Group Malaysia: MaCGDI New Zealand: GEOINT NZ Poland: AW, SWW, ORO, 12.BBSP, JW NIL Pakistan: Air Intelligence Philippines: NMARSC Portugal: CIGeoE Russia: TsVTI GRU United Kingdom: DGIFC United States: NGA
Financial intelligence	Argentina: UIF Australia: AUSTRAC Azerbaijan: MMX Bangladesh: FIU Brazil: COAF Canada: FINTRAC Fiji: FIU France: Tracfin, DNRED Iceland: SR India: CEIB Indonesia: PPATK Ireland: GNECB Italy: UIF Lithuania (FNTT) Malta: FIAU Mexico: UIF Netherlands: FIOD Poland: GIIF, SCS, CBA Qatar: FIU Russia: Rosfinmonitoring Saudi Arabia: GDOFI Spain: SVA, SEPBLAC Turkey: MASAK United Kingdom: NCA United States: TFI, FinCEN Vatican: ASIF
Criminal intelligence	Argentina: DNIC Australia: ACIC Bangladesh: CID Canada: CISC Finland: NBI India: CBI Indonesia: Baintelkam Polri (id) Italy: DIA, DIGOS Philippines: NBI, PNP-IG Poland: BWiIK KGP, CBŚP, ZOŚ KGSG, ZK KGŻW Romania: DGPI South Africa: Crime Intelligence Division Spain: CGI, SIGC, CGPJ, UCO United Kingdom: NCA
Intelligence community	Australia Bangladesh Croatia France India Israel Italy New Zealand Pakistan Russia United Kingdom United States
Intelligence alliances	Club de Berne Five Eyes Maximator Egmont Group
Defunct agencies	Imperial Japan: Tokko Ming Dynasty: Embroidered Uniform Guard, Eastern Depot, Western Depot [zh], Internal Depot [zh] Nazi Germany: Gestapo, Sicherheitsdienst Soviet Union: NKVD, KGB United Kingdom: DMI Yugoslavia: KOS
Related topics	Espionage (List of intelligence agencies) Leaks Diplomatic cable leaks NSA leaks CIA leaks Great Firewall of China Mass surveillance in China Law enforcement Interpol Security agency Surveillance Big Brother Call detail record Carnivore Dishfire ECHELON PRISM Stone Ghost Turbulence (NSA programme) National security Surveillance issues in smart cities
Border guard Coast guard Customs Law enforcement agency Types Intelligence agency

v t e National intelligence agencies in Europe
Foreign intelligence	Albania (SHISH) Armenia (NSS) Austria (DSN) Azerbaijan (XKX) Belarus (KGB RB) Belgium (ADIV/SGRS) Bosnia and Herzegovina (OSA-OBA) Bulgaria (DAR) Croatia (SOA) Czech Republic (ÚZSI) Denmark (FE) Estonia (EFIS) France (DGSE) Georgia (GIS) Germany (BND) Greece (EYP) Hungary (IH) Ireland (CSB) Italy (AISE) Kazakhstan (Syrbar) Latvia (SAB) Lithuania (VSD) Moldova (SIS) Montenegro (ANB) Republic of North Macedonia (UBK) Netherlands (AIVD) Norway (E-tjenesten) Poland (AW) Portugal (SIED) Romania (SIE) Russia (SVR) Serbia (BIA) Slovakia (SIS) Slovenia (SOVA) Spain (CNI) Sweden (KSI) Switzerland (NDB) Turkey (MİT) Ukraine (SZRU) United Kingdom (SIS (MI6))
Domestic intelligence	Austria (DSN) Azerbaijan (DTX) Belarus (KGB RB) Belgium (VS/SE) Bosnia and Herzegovina (SIPA) Bulgaria (DANS) Croatia (SOA) Czech Republic (BIS) Denmark (PET) Estonia (KAPO) Finland (Supo) France (DGSI) Georgia (SSSG) Germany (BfV, LfV) Greece (EYP) Hungary (AH) Ireland (SDU, NSU) Italy (AISI) Kazakhstan (NSC) Kosovo (AKI) Latvia (VDD) Lithuania (STT) Luxembourg (SREL) Moldova (SIS) Republic of North Macedonia (IA) Netherlands (NCTV) Norway (PST) Poland (ABW, SOP) Portugal (SIS) Romania (SRI) Russia (FSB) Serbia (BIA) Spain (CITCO) Sweden (SÄPO) Switzerland (NDB) Turkey (KDGM) Ukraine (SBU) United Kingdom (MI5, NDEDIU, NCA, NBIS)
Military intelligence	Austria (HNaA) Belarus (GRU MO RB) Belgium (ADIV/SGRS) Croatia (VSOA) Czech Republic (VZ) Denmark (FE) Finland (PE TIEDOS) France (DRM, DGSE) Germany (MAD) Greece (EYP) Hungary (KNBSZ) Ireland ((G2) Italy (CII) Kazakhstan (NSC) Lithuania (AOTD) Republic of North Macedonia (MSSI) Netherlands (MIVD) Norway (E-tjenesten) Poland (SKW, SWW) Portugal (CISMIL) Romania (DGIA) Russia (GRU) Serbia (VOA, VBA) Slovakia (VS) Slovenia (OVS) Spain (CIFAS) Sweden (MUST) Switzerland (MND, LWND) Turkey (GENKUR İ.D.B.) Ukraine (HUR MO) United Kingdom (DIS)
Signals intelligence	Croatia (OTC) Finland (PVTIEDL) France (DGSE, DRSD) Germany (BND) Greece (EYP) Ireland ((CIS) Kazakhstan (NSC) Netherlands (JSCU) Norway (NSM) Poland (AW, ABW, SKW, SWW, NCBC, gOR 3.FO, CRiWWRE, 2.ORel, 6.ORel, JW NIL) Romania (STS) Russia (Spetssvyaz) Spain (CCN) Sweden (FRA) Switzerland (SIS) Turkey (MİT-SİB) Ukraine (State Special Communications Service of Ukraine) United Kingdom (GCHQ)
Imagery intelligence	Finland (PVTIEDL) Poland (AW, SWW, ORO, 12.BBSP, JW NIL) Portugal (CIGeoE) Russia (TsVTI GRU) United Kingdom (DGIFC)
Financial intelligence	Azerbaijan (MMX) France (Tracfin, DNRED) Netherlands (FIOD) Iceland (SR) Ireland (GNECB) Italy (UIF) Lithuania (FNTT) Malta (FIAU) Poland (GIIF, SCS, CBA) Russia (Rosfinmonitoring) Spain (SVA, SEPBLAC) Turkey (MASAK) United Kingdom (NCA) Vatican (ASIF)
Criminal intelligence	Finland ( National Bureau of Investigation) Italy (DIA, DIGOS) Romania (DGPI) Poland (BWiIK KGP, CBŚP, ZOŚ KGSG, ZK KGŻW) Spain (CGI, SIGC, CGPJ, UCO) United Kingdom (NCA)

v t e Garda Síochána
Organised & Serious Crime	National Bureau of Criminal Investigation Drugs and Organised Crime Bureau National Economic Crime Bureau National Cyber Crime Bureau National Immigration Bureau National Protective Services Bureau Technical Bureau Operational Support (Air Support Unit, Water Unit, Dog Unit, Mounted Unit) Criminal Assets Bureau
Security and Intelligence	National Surveillance Unit Special Detective Unit Counter-Terrorism International Witness Security Programme
Traffic	National Roads Policing Bureau Vehicles
Other units / structure	Garda Síochána College Emergency Response Unit Armed Support Units Public Order Units List of districts Garda Síochána Reserve Garda Band
Scandals	Irish Phone Tapping Scandal (1982) "Rape Tape" Scandal (2011) Penalty Points Scandal (2012) Phone recordings scandal (2014) Whistleblower scandal (2014) GSOC bugging scandal (2014)
Other	Garda Commissioner PULSE Gardaí killed in the line of duty Scott Medal Garda Museum Garda College Museum and Visitor Centre Garda ar Lár James "Lugs" Branigan Death of Terence Wheelock (2005) Death of George Nkencho
Oversight	Policing Authority Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission Garda Síochána Inspectorate
Associated bodies	Garda Representative Association Association of Garda Sergeants and Inspectors Garda GAA