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| fields =
| fields =
| workplaces = [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]<br />[[Stanford University]]<br />[[Harvard University]]<br />[[University of California, Berkeley]]
| workplaces = [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]<br />[[Stanford University]]<br />[[Harvard University]]<br />[[University of California, Berkeley]]
| alma_mater = [[Radcliffe College]], [[University College London]], [[Harvard University]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Radcliffe College]] (BA)|[[University College London]] (MPhil)|[[Harvard University]] (PhD)}}
| doctoral_advisors = [[David Hubel]], [[Torsten Wiesel]]
| doctoral_advisors = [[David Hubel]], [[Torsten Wiesel]]
| academic_advisors = [[Pasko Rakic]]
| academic_advisors = [[Pasko Rakic]]
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| influences =
| influences =
| influenced = [[Marla Feller]]
| influenced = [[Marla Feller]]
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Society for Neuroscience]] Young Investigator Award (1985)
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* [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1992)
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* [[National Academy of Sciences]] (1995)
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* [[American Philosophical Society]] (1997)
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* [[National Academy of Medicine]] (1999)
* [[Society for Neuroscience]] Gerard Prize (2011)
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (2011)
* [[Gruber Prize]] (2015)
* [[Champalimaud Foundation]] Vision Award (2016)
⚫
* [[Kavli Prize]] in Neuroscience (2016)}}
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt =
| signature_alt =
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==Career==
==Career==
Shatz graduated from [[Radcliffe College]] in 1969 with a B.A. in [[chemistry]]. She received an M.Phil. in Physiology from the [[University College London]] in 1971 on a [[Marshall Scholarship]]. In 1976, she received a [[Ph.D.]] in [[neurobiology]] from [[Harvard Medical School]], where she studied with the [[Nobel laureates]] [[David Hubel]] and [[Torsten Wiesel]]. From 1976 to 1978 she obtained [[postdoctoral training]] with [[Pasko Rakic]] in the department of [[neuroscience]], Harvard Medical School.
Shatz graduated from [[Radcliffe College]] in 1969 with a BA in [[chemistry]]. She received an MPhil in Physiology from the [[University College London]] in 1971 on a [[Marshall Scholarship]]. In 1976, she received a [[PhD]] in [[neurobiology]] from [[Harvard Medical School]], where she studied with the [[Nobel laureates]] [[David Hubel]] and [[Torsten Wiesel]]. From 1976 to 1978 she obtained [[postdoctoral training]] with [[Pasko Rakic]] in the department of [[neuroscience]], Harvard Medical School.


In 1978, Shatz moved to [[Stanford University]], where she began her studies of the development of the [[mammalian]] [[visual system]] in the department of Neurobiology. She became professor of neurobiology in 1989. In 1992, she moved her laboratory to the department of molecular and cell biology at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], where she became a [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] investigator in 1994.
In 1978, Shatz moved to [[Stanford University]], where she began her studies of the development of the [[mammalian]] [[visual system]] in the department of Neurobiology. She became professor of neurobiology in 1989. In 1992, she moved her laboratory to the department of molecular and cell biology at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], where she became a [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] investigator in 1994. During 1994–1995, she was president of the [[Society for Neuroscience]] and served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences from 1998 to 2001.


During 1994–1995, she was president of the [[Society for Neuroscience]] and served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences from 1998 to 2001. From 2000 until 2007, she was the chair of the Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School and the Nathan Marsh Pusey Professor of Neurobiology. Notably, she was the first woman to chair this department.<ref name=pmid23495301/> She loved Stanford but says, "I couldn't turn it down because I felt I was on a mission to represent women at the highest levels."<ref name="davies"/>
In 2000, Shatz was named the Nathan Marsh Pusey Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School. She chaired the Department of Neurobiology from 2000 to 2017 and was the first woman to do so.<ref name=pmid23495301/> Regarding her departure from Stanford, she stated "I couldn't turn [the job] down because I felt I was on a mission to represent women at the highest levels."<ref name="davies"/> Shatz helped to develop the Harvard Center for Neurodegeneration and Repair (now named the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center<ref>{{cite web|url=https://neurodiscovery.harvard.edu/home|title=Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center|website=neurodiscovery.harvard.edu}}</ref>) and led the Harvard Center for Brain Imaging.


She also helped to develop the Harvard Center for Neurodegeneration and Repair (now named the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center<ref>{{cite web|url=https://neurodiscovery.harvard.edu/home|title=Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center|website=neurodiscovery.harvard.edu}}</ref>) and led the Harvard Center for Brain Imaging. Shatz was the inaugural chair of The Sapp Family Provostial Professorship, holds professorship appointments in both the Department of Biology (School of Humanities and Sciences) and in Neurobiology (School of Medicine) and is The Catherine Holman Johnson Director of Stanford Bio-X at [[Stanford University]]. She also served on the Life Sciences jury for the [[Infosys Prize]] in 2011.
Shatz currently holds professorship appointments in both the Department of Biology (School of Humanities and Sciences) and in Neurobiology (School of Medicine) and is The Catherine Holman Johnson Director of Stanford Bio-X at [[Stanford University]]. She was the inaugural chair of The Sapp Family Provostial Professorship. She also served on the Life Sciences jury for the [[Infosys Prize]] in 2011.


==Research==
==Research==
Shatz is one of the pioneers who determined some of the basic principles of early brain [[developmental biology|development]]. She found that the [[spontaneous activity]] of [[neurons]] ''[[Uterus|in utero]]'' is critical for the formation of precise and orderly [[neural network|neural connections]] in the [[central nervous system]].<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=702379 |pmc=1282696 |year=1978 |last1=Shatz |first1=C. J |title=Ocular dominance in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex and the effects of monocular deprivation |journal=The Journal of Physiology |volume=281 |pages=267–83 |last2=Stryker |first2=M. P |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012421}}</ref> She discovered that waves of spontaneous activity in the [[retina]] can alter [[gene expression]] and the strength of [[Synapse|synaptic connections]].<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=8638165 |year=1996 |last1=Feller |first1=M. B |title=Requirement for cholinergic synaptic transmission in the propagation of spontaneous retinal waves |journal=Science |volume=272 |issue=5265 |pages=1182–7 |last2=Wellis |first2=D. P |last3=Stellwagen |first3=D |last4=Werblin |first4=F. S |last5=Shatz |first5=C. J |bibcode=1996Sci...272.1182F |doi=10.1126/science.272.5265.1182 |s2cid=11295283 }}</ref> In 2000, Shatz and colleagues identified Class I MHC molecules as important in neuronal plasticity, a surprising new role for molecules previously thought to have only immune system function.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11118151 |pmc=2175035 |year=2000 |last1=Huh |first1=G. S |title=Functional requirement for class I MHC in CNS development and plasticity |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue=5499 |pages=2155–9 |last2=Boulanger |first2=L. M |last3=Du |first3=H |last4=Riquelme |first4=P. A |last5=Brotz |first5=T. M |last6=Shatz |first6=C. J |doi=10.1126/science.290.5499.2155|bibcode=2000Sci...290.2155H }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/april1/med-shatz-040109.html|title=Molecules key to immune system also play role in brain|website=News.stanford.edu|accessdate=23 December 2017|date=April 2009}}</ref>
Shatz is one of the pioneers who determined some of the basic principles of early brain [[developmental biology|development]]. She found that the [[spontaneous activity]] of [[neurons]] ''[[Uterus|in utero]]'' is critical for the formation of precise and orderly [[neural network|neural connections]] in the [[central nervous system]].<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=702379 |pmc=1282696 |year=1978 |last1=Shatz |first1=C. J |title=Ocular dominance in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex and the effects of monocular deprivation |journal=The Journal of Physiology |volume=281 |pages=267–83 |last2=Stryker |first2=M. P |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012421}}</ref> She discovered that waves of spontaneous activity in the [[retina]] can alter [[gene expression]] and the strength of [[Synapse|synaptic connections]].<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=8638165 |year=1996 |last1=Feller |first1=M. B |title=Requirement for cholinergic synaptic transmission in the propagation of spontaneous retinal waves |journal=Science |volume=272 |issue=5265 |pages=1182–7 |last2=Wellis |first2=D. P |last3=Stellwagen |first3=D |last4=Werblin |first4=F. S |last5=Shatz |first5=C. J |bibcode=1996Sci...272.1182F |doi=10.1126/science.272.5265.1182 |s2cid=11295283 }}</ref> In 2000, Shatz and colleagues identified [[MHC Class I]] molecules as important for neuronal plasticity, a surprising new role for molecules previously thought to have only immune system function.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11118151 |pmc=2175035 |year=2000 |last1=Huh |first1=G. S |title=Functional requirement for class I MHC in CNS development and plasticity |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue=5499 |pages=2155–9 |last2=Boulanger |first2=L. M |last3=Du |first3=H |last4=Riquelme |first4=P. A |last5=Brotz |first5=T. M |last6=Shatz |first6=C. J |doi=10.1126/science.290.5499.2155|bibcode=2000Sci...290.2155H }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/april1/med-shatz-040109.html|title=Molecules key to immune system also play role in brain|website=News.stanford.edu|accessdate=23 December 2017|date=April 2009}}</ref>


Shatz is credited with coining the sentence summarizing the [[Hebbian theory]]: "Cells that fire together, wire together." Although a similar phrase might first have appeared in print in Siegrid Löwel's ''Science'' article in January, 1992, Shatz had been using it in lectures for a number of years before. In her September 1992 ''Scientific American'' article, she wrote, "Segregation to form the columns in the visual cortex [...] proceeds when the two nerves are stimulated asynchronously. In a sense, then, cells that fire together wire together. The timing of action-potential activity is critical in determining which synaptic connections are strengthened and retained and which are weakened and eliminated."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Carla J. |last1=Shatz |date=September 1992 |title=The Developing Brain |journal=Scientific American |volume=267 |issue=3 |pages=60–7 |jstor=24939213 |pmid=1502524 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0992-60|bibcode=1992SciAm.267c..60S }}</ref>
Shatz is credited with coining a well-known sentence summarizing [[Hebbian theory]]: "Cells that fire together, wire together." Although a similar phrase might first have appeared in print in Siegrid Löwel's ''Science'' article in January, 1992, Shatz had been using it in lectures for a number of years before. In her September 1992 ''Scientific American'' article, she wrote, "Segregation to form the columns in the visual cortex [...] proceeds when the two nerves are stimulated asynchronously. In a sense, then, cells that fire together wire together. The timing of action-potential activity is critical in determining which synaptic connections are strengthened and retained and which are weakened and eliminated."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Carla J. |last1=Shatz |date=September 1992 |title=The Developing Brain |journal=Scientific American |volume=267 |issue=3 |pages=60–7 |jstor=24939213 |pmid=1502524 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0992-60|bibcode=1992SciAm.267c..60S }}</ref>


==Awards==
==Awards==
Shatz has received the following awards and honors:
Shatz's honors include:
*1985 [[Society for Neuroscience]] Young Investigator Award<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfn.org/Awards-and-Funding/Individual-Prizes-and-Fellowships/Young-Scientists-Achievements-and-Research/Young-Investigator-Award|title=Society for Neuroscience|website=Sfn.org|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
* 1985 [[Society for Neuroscience]] Young Investigator Award<ref name="vss">{{cite web|url=https://www.sfn.org/Awards-and-Funding/Individual-Prizes-and-Fellowships/Young-Scientists-Achievements-and-Research/Young-Investigator-Award|title=Society for Neuroscience|website=Sfn.org|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
* 1993 Silvo Conte Award, National Foundation for Brain Research<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Keynote – Carla Shatz |website=Vision Sciences Society |url=https://www.visionsciences.org/2010-keynote/ |access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>
* 2006 Gill Prize presented by the Indiana University Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences
⚫
* 1995 Charles A. Dana Award for Pioneering Achievement in Health and Education<ref name="vss"/>
* 2011 Gerard Prize from the [[Society for Neuroscience]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfn.org/Press-Room/News-Release-Archives/2011/RALPH-W-GERARD-PRIZE-IN-NEUROSCIENCE-RECOGNIZES-OUTSTANDING-CONTRIBUTIONS-OF-CARLA-SHATZ|title=Society for Neuroscience|website=Sfn.org|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
⚫
* 1997 Alcon Award for Outstanding Contributions to Vision Research<ref name="vss"/>
⚫
* 2013 The Mortimer D. Sackler, M.D. Prize for Distinguished Achievement in Developmental Psychobiology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.cumc.columbia.edu/blog/2013/02/19/pioneer-in-neural-development-honored-with-the-mortimer-d-sackler-m-d-prize-for-distinguished-achievement-in-developmental-psychobiology/|title=Pioneer in Neural Development Carla Shatz, PhD, Wins Prestigious Prize - Columbia University Medical Center|date=19 February 2013|website=Newsroom.cumc.columbia.edu|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
* Silvo Conte Award from the National Foundation for Brain Research
* 1999 Bernard Sachs Award from the Child Neurology Society<ref name="vss"/>
* 2000 [[Weizmann Women & Science Award]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Weizmann Women in Science Award Recipients |website=Weizmann Institute of Science |url=https://www.weizmann.ac.il/WomenInScience/women-science-award/recipients |access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>
⚫
* Charles A. Dana Award for Pioneering Achievement in Health and Education
⚫
* 2006 Gill Prize in Neuroscience<ref name="vss"/>
⚫
* Alcon Award for Outstanding Contributions to Vision Research
* 2009 Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2009 |title=Society for Neuroscience Announces Science Achievement Awards |website=Society for Neuroscience |url=https://www.sfn.org/Publications/Latest%20News/2009/10/17/SOCIETY%20FOR%20NEUROSCIENCE%20ANNOUNCES%20SCIENCE%20ACHIEVEMENT%20AWARDS |access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>
* Bernard Sachs Award from the Child Neurology Society
* 2011 [[Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfn.org/publications/latest%20news/2011/11/12/ralph%20w%20gerard%20prize%20in%20neuroscience%20recognizes%20outstanding%20contributions%20of%20carla%20shatz |title=Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience Recognizes Outstanding Contributions of Carla Shatz |date=12 November 2011 |website=Society for Neuroscience|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
* 2016 [[Kavli Prize]] in Neuroscience
⚫
* 2013 Mortimer D. Sackler, M.D. Prize for Distinguished Achievement in Developmental Psychobiology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.cumc.columbia.edu/blog/2013/02/19/pioneer-in-neural-development-honored-with-the-mortimer-d-sackler-m-d-prize-for-distinguished-achievement-in-developmental-psychobiology/|title=Pioneer in Neural Development Carla Shatz, PhD, Wins Prestigious Prize |website=Columbia University Irving Medical Center|date=19 February 2013 |accessdate=2021-09-30}}</ref>
* [[Weizmann Women & Science Award]]
* 2015 [[Gruber Prize in Neuroscience]] ​<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gruber.yale.edu/neuroscience/2015/carla-shatz|title=Carla Shatz, 2015 Neuroscience Prize, Laureate Profile |website=The Gruber Foundation |access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>
* 2016 [[Kavli Prize]] in Neuroscience<ref>{{cite web |title=Carla Shatz wins Kavli Neuroscience Prize |date=2 June 2016 |authors=Goldman B, Adams A, Carey B |website=Stanford Medicine News Center |url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2016/06/carla-shatz-wins-kavli-neuroscience-prize.html |access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>
* 2016 [[Champalimaud Foundation]] Vision Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biox.stanford.edu/highlight/carla-shatz-wins-2016-antonio-champalimaud-vision-award|title=Carla Shatz wins the 2016 Antonio Champalimaud Vision Award!|website=Stanford BioX|accessdate=23 December 2017|date=2016-09-06}}</ref>
* 2​017 [[Harvey Prize]] in Science and Technology<ref>{{cite web |title=Shatz wins Harvey Prize in Science and Technology |last=Collins |first=Nathan |date = February 1, 2018 |url=https://news.stanford.edu/thedish/2018/02/01/shatz-wins-harvey-prize-in-human-health/ |access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>


She has been elected to numerous professional societies:
She has been elected to the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]], the [[Institute of Medicine]], the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] and the [[American Philosophical Society]].
⚫
* [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1992)

⚫
* [[National Academy of Sciences]] (1995)
⚫
In 1997, she was invited by President [[Bill Clinton]] and First Lady [[Hillary Clinton]] to speak at the White House Conference on Early Childhood Development and Learning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/WH/New/ECDC/About.html|title=White House Conference on Early Childhood Development & Learning|website=Clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
⚫
* [[American Philosophical Society]] (1997)

⚫
* [[National Academy of Medicine]] (1999)
In 2011, she was elected a [[Foreign Member of the Royal Society]] of London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/carla-shatz-12260/|title=Carla Shatz|website=Royalsociety.org|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
* [[Foreign Member of the Royal Society]] of London (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/carla-shatz-12260/|title=Carla Shatz|website=Royalsociety.org|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>


⚫
In 1997, Shatz was invited by President [[Bill Clinton]] and First Lady [[Hillary Clinton]] to speak at the White House Conference on Early Childhood Development and Learning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/WH/New/ECDC/About.html|title=White House Conference on Early Childhood Development & Learning|website=Clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>
In 2015, she was awarded the Gruber prize in Neuroscience,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gruber.yale.edu/neuroscience/carla-shatz|title=Carla Shatz - The Gruber Foundation|website=Gruber.yale.edu|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref> and in 2016 the [[Champalimaud Foundation]] Vision Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biox.stanford.edu/highlight/carla-shatz-wins-2016-antonio-champalimaud-vision-award|title=Carla Shatz wins the 2016 Antonio Champalimaud Vision Award! - Welcome to Bio-X|website=Biox.stanford.edu|accessdate=23 December 2017|date=2016-09-06}}</ref> She will receive the [[Harvey Prize]] for 2017 from the [[Technion]] in June 2018 in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/College---University/Technion.Israel/posts/|title=הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל - Technion|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>


==Major publications==
==Major publications==

Revision as of 18:57, 30 September 2021

Carla J. Shatz
Alma mater
Known forRole of neuronal activity in maturation of brain circuits
Scientific career
InstitutionsHoward Hughes Medical Institute
Stanford University
Harvard University
University of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisorsDavid Hubel, Torsten Wiesel
Other academic advisorsPasko Rakic

Carla J. Shatz (born 1947) is an American neurobiologist and an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine.

She was the first woman to receive a PhD in neurobiology from Harvard.[1][2] Shatz received a tenured position in the basic sciences at Stanford Medical School and later returned to Harvard to head the university's Department of Neurobiology. In both cases, Shatz was the first woman hired for the position.[3][1]

Career

Shatz graduated from Radcliffe College in 1969 with a BA in chemistry. She received an MPhil in Physiology from the University College London in 1971 on a Marshall Scholarship. In 1976, she received a PhD in neurobiology from Harvard Medical School, where she studied with the Nobel laureates David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel. From 1976 to 1978 she obtained postdoctoral training with Pasko Rakic in the department of neuroscience, Harvard Medical School.

In 1978, Shatz moved to Stanford University, where she began her studies of the development of the mammalian visual system in the department of Neurobiology. She became professor of neurobiology in 1989. In 1992, she moved her laboratory to the department of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley, where she became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator in 1994. During 1994–1995, she was president of the Society for Neuroscience and served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences from 1998 to 2001.

In 2000, Shatz was named the Nathan Marsh Pusey Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School. She chaired the Department of Neurobiology from 2000 to 2017 and was the first woman to do so.[1] Regarding her departure from Stanford, she stated "I couldn't turn [the job] down because I felt I was on a mission to represent women at the highest levels."[3] Shatz helped to develop the Harvard Center for Neurodegeneration and Repair (now named the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center[4]) and led the Harvard Center for Brain Imaging.

Shatz currently holds professorship appointments in both the Department of Biology (School of Humanities and Sciences) and in Neurobiology (School of Medicine) and is The Catherine Holman Johnson Director of Stanford Bio-X at Stanford University. She was the inaugural chair of The Sapp Family Provostial Professorship. She also served on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2011.

Research

Shatz is one of the pioneers who determined some of the basic principles of early brain development. She found that the spontaneous activity of neurons in utero is critical for the formation of precise and orderly neural connections in the central nervous system.[5] She discovered that waves of spontaneous activity in the retina can alter gene expression and the strength of synaptic connections.[6] In 2000, Shatz and colleagues identified MHC Class I molecules as important for neuronal plasticity, a surprising new role for molecules previously thought to have only immune system function.[7][8]

Shatz is credited with coining a well-known sentence summarizing Hebbian theory: "Cells that fire together, wire together." Although a similar phrase might first have appeared in print in Siegrid Löwel's Science article in January, 1992, Shatz had been using it in lectures for a number of years before. In her September 1992 Scientific American article, she wrote, "Segregation to form the columns in the visual cortex [...] proceeds when the two nerves are stimulated asynchronously. In a sense, then, cells that fire together wire together. The timing of action-potential activity is critical in determining which synaptic connections are strengthened and retained and which are weakened and eliminated."[9]

Awards

Shatz has received the following awards and honors:

She has been elected to numerous professional societies:

In 1997, Shatz was invited by President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton to speak at the White House Conference on Early Childhood Development and Learning.[21]

Major publications

References

  1. ^ a b c Paul, C. A (2005). "An Interview with Carla Shatz - Harvard's First Female Neurobiology Chair". Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education. 3 (2): E4–5. PMC 3592607. PMID 23495301.
  2. ^ "Neurobiologist Carla Shatz shares her perspective - Scope Blog". Scopeblog.stanford.edu. 2016-02-11. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  3. ^ a b Davies, Daniel M. (2013). Compatibility Gene. Allen Lane. p. 150. ISBN 978-1846145148.
  4. ^ "Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center". neurodiscovery.harvard.edu.
  5. ^ Shatz, C. J; Stryker, M. P (1978). "Ocular dominance in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex and the effects of monocular deprivation". The Journal of Physiology. 281: 267–83. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012421. PMC 1282696. PMID 702379.
  6. ^ Feller, M. B; Wellis, D. P; Stellwagen, D; Werblin, F. S; Shatz, C. J (1996). "Requirement for cholinergic synaptic transmission in the propagation of spontaneous retinal waves". Science. 272 (5265): 1182–7. Bibcode:1996Sci...272.1182F. doi:10.1126/science.272.5265.1182. PMID 8638165. S2CID 11295283.
  7. ^ Huh, G. S; Boulanger, L. M; Du, H; Riquelme, P. A; Brotz, T. M; Shatz, C. J (2000). "Functional requirement for class I MHC in CNS development and plasticity". Science. 290 (5499): 2155–9. Bibcode:2000Sci...290.2155H. doi:10.1126/science.290.5499.2155. PMC 2175035. PMID 11118151.
  8. ^ "Molecules key to immune system also play role in brain". News.stanford.edu. April 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  9. ^ Shatz, Carla J. (September 1992). "The Developing Brain". Scientific American. 267 (3): 60–7. Bibcode:1992SciAm.267c..60S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0992-60. JSTOR 24939213. PMID 1502524.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Society for Neuroscience". Sfn.org. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  11. ^ "2010 Keynote – Carla Shatz". Vision Sciences Society. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  12. ^ "Weizmann Women in Science Award Recipients". Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  13. ^ "Society for Neuroscience Announces Science Achievement Awards". Society for Neuroscience. 17 October 2009. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  14. ^ "Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience Recognizes Outstanding Contributions of Carla Shatz". Society for Neuroscience. 12 November 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Pioneer in Neural Development Carla Shatz, PhD, Wins Prestigious Prize". Columbia University Irving Medical Center. 19 February 2013. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  16. ^ "Carla Shatz, 2015 Neuroscience Prize, Laureate Profile". The Gruber Foundation. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  17. ^ "Carla Shatz wins Kavli Neuroscience Prize". Stanford Medicine News Center. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 2021-09-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  18. ^ "Carla Shatz wins the 2016 Antonio Champalimaud Vision Award!". Stanford BioX. 2016-09-06. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  19. ^ Collins, Nathan (February 1, 2018). "Shatz wins Harvey Prize in Science and Technology". Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  20. ^ "Carla Shatz". Royalsociety.org. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  21. ^ "White House Conference on Early Childhood Development & Learning". Clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
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