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{{distinguish|text=the Mid-late [[Joseon]] [[Queen Consort]] as the first wife of [[Yeongjo of Joseon]], [[Queen Jeongseong]]}}
{{distinguish|text=the Mid-late [[Joseon]] [[Queen Consort]] as the first wife of [[Yeongjo of Joseon]], [[Queen Jeongseong]]}}
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{{Infobox Monarch
{{Infobox Monarch
| name =Crown Prince Jeongseong<br>정성세자
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'''Crown Prince Jeongseong''' (Hangul: 정성세자 , Hanja: 定城世子; d. 1394) or known before as '''Prince Jeongseong''' ({{Korean|정성군|定城君}}), personal name '''Wang Seok''' ({{Korean|왕석|王奭}}) or firstly '''Wang Dan''' ({{Korean|왕단|王瑞}}) was the last [[Crown prince]] of [[Goryeo|Goryeo Dynasty]] as the only son of King [[Gongyang of Goryeo]] and [[Sun-bi No|Royal Consort Sun]].<ref name="Seokseja">{{Cite web|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&searchTermImages=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_091r_0010_0250/5/4/5/r|title=공양왕 왕자 세자 왕석|website=[[Goryeosa]]|access-date=August 7, 2021|lang=ko}}</ref> After [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seong-gye]] established [[Joseon|the new dynasty]], he was deposed from his throne along with his parent and got assassinated.<ref>{{cite book|date=2005|title=한국 무예 사료 총서, vol. 3|trans-title=A Collection of Korean Martial Arts Materials, vol. 3|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=41nmAAAAMAAJ&q=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EC%84%B8%EC%9E%90+%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%91&dq=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EC%84%B8%EC%9E%90+%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%91&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijqdGE0J7yAhVBAHIKHS0_DBMQ6AF6BAgGEAM|language=ko|page=801|location=[[University of Michigan]]|publisher=National Folklore Museum}}</ref>
'''Crown Prince Jeongseong''' (Hangul: 정성세자 , Hanja: 定城世子; d. 1394) or known before as '''Prince Jeongseong''' ({{Korean|정성군|定城君}}), personal name '''Wang Seok''' ({{Korean|왕석|王奭}}) or firstly '''Wang Dan''' ({{Korean|왕단|王瑞}}) was the last [[Crown prince]] of [[Goryeo|Goryeo Dynasty]] as the only son of King [[Gongyang of Goryeo]] and [[Sun-bi No|Royal Consort Sun]].<ref name="Seokseja">{{Cite web|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&searchTermImages=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_091r_0010_0250/5/4/5/r|title=공양왕 왕자 세자 왕석|website=[[Goryeosa]]|access-date=August 7, 2021|language=ko}}</ref> After [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seong-gye]] established [[Joseon|the new dynasty]], he was deposed from his throne along with his parent and got assassinated.<ref>{{cite book|date=2005|title=한국 무예 사료 총서, vol. 3|trans-title=A Collection of Korean Martial Arts Materials, vol. 3|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=41nmAAAAMAAJ&q=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EC%84%B8%EC%9E%90+%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%91&dq=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EC%84%B8%EC%9E%90+%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%91&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijqdGE0J7yAhVBAHIKHS0_DBMQ6AF6BAgGEAM|language=ko|page=801|location=[[University of Michigan]]|publisher=National Folklore Museum}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
===Early life===
===Early life===
Born as Wang Dan (왕단, 王瑞), he was the only son of [[Gongyang of Goryeo|Prince Jeongchang]] and [[Sun-bi No|Lady No]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=-1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&itemIds=&indexSearch=N&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&searchTermImages=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0%C2%A0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_045r_0020_0010_0060/5/0/5/r|title=왕의 일가를 책봉하고 사면령을 내리다|website=[[Goryeosa]]|access-date=September 17, 2021|lang=ko}}</ref> Then, he changed his name into "Seok" (석, 奭) and firstly honoured as ''Prince Jeongseong'' (정성군, 定城君) on 1388.<ref name="Seokseja" /> One year later, following his father who ascended the throne under [[Taejo of Joseon|General Yi Seong-gye]]'s command after deposed [[Chang of Goryeo]], he then become ''Crown Prince'' (왕세자, 王世子).<ref name="Seokseja" />
Born as Wang Dan (왕단, 王瑞), he was the only son of [[Gongyang of Goryeo|Prince Jeongchang]] and [[Sun-bi No|Lady No]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=-1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&itemIds=&indexSearch=N&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&searchTermImages=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0%C2%A0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_045r_0020_0010_0060/5/0/5/r|title=왕의 일가를 책봉하고 사면령을 내리다|website=[[Goryeosa]]|access-date=September 17, 2021|language=ko}}</ref> Then, he changed his name into "Seok" (석, 奭) and firstly honoured as ''Prince Jeongseong'' (정성군, 定城君) on 1388.<ref name="Seokseja" /> One year later, following his father who ascended the throne under [[Taejo of Joseon|General Yi Seong-gye]]'s command after deposed [[Chang of Goryeo]], he then become ''Crown Prince'' (왕세자, 王世子).<ref name="Seokseja" />


===Palace life and marriage===
===Palace life and marriage===
Line 62: Line 62:


===Affairs with the Ming Dynasty===
===Affairs with the Ming Dynasty===
Meanwhile, Wang Seok was said to distracted by the issue of joined and made alliance with the [[Ming Dynasty]]. There were voices of concern that the Ming might not rebuke the Crown Prince. The Ming sent their first envoy in April after King Gongyang ascended the throne and demanded that 10,000 horses (1만필) be sold in Goryeo, but Goryeo could not meet the number and only sent 1,500 horses in June (1,500필만).<ref name="Seokming">{{Cite web|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&searchTermImages=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_046r_0010_0090_0080/5/2/5/r|title=명에 세자를 하정사로 보내다|website=[[Goryeosa]]|access-date=August 7, 2021|lang=ko}}</ref> At this time, the Crown Prince was reprimanded for not meeting the deadline after sent to the Ming Dynasty, but there were no way for the Crown Prince to responded. Meanwhile, merchants who trade sheep were participate in the envoy to Ipjo and the ambassadors, such as [[Heo-Eung]] (허응) filed an appeal in September, insisted that the merchants be excluded from the party.
Meanwhile, Wang Seok was said to distracted by the issue of joined and made alliance with the [[Ming Dynasty]]. There were voices of concern that the Ming might not rebuke the Crown Prince. The Ming sent their first envoy in April after King Gongyang ascended the throne and demanded that 10,000 horses (1만필) be sold in Goryeo, but Goryeo could not meet the number and only sent 1,500 horses in June (1,500필만).<ref name="Seokming">{{Cite web|url=http://db.history.go.kr/KOREA/search/searchResult.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&codeIds=PERIOD-0-3&searchTermImages=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0&searchKeywordConjunction=AND#searchDetail/kr/kr_046r_0010_0090_0080/5/2/5/r|title=명에 세자를 하정사로 보내다|website=[[Goryeosa]]|access-date=August 7, 2021|language=ko}}</ref> At this time, the Crown Prince was reprimanded for not meeting the deadline after sent to the Ming Dynasty, but there were no way for the Crown Prince to responded. Meanwhile, merchants who trade sheep were participate in the envoy to Ipjo and the ambassadors, such as [[Heo-Eung]] (허응) filed an appeal in September, insisted that the merchants be excluded from the party.


Later, from September until December, the Crown Prince, Seol Jang-su, and others were left the Ming and went back to Goryeo. On 10 March 1392, while [[Yi Hyeon]] (이현, 李玄) already arrived in Goryeo and reports the Crown Prince's expected return date, Wang Seok then returned safely on the 26th and got such as greeting the new year and receiving a golden robes (금직문기의복, 金織文綺衣服).<ref name="Seokming" />
Later, from September until December, the Crown Prince, Seol Jang-su, and others were left the Ming and went back to Goryeo. On 10 March 1392, while [[Yi Hyeon]] (이현, 李玄) already arrived in Goryeo and reports the Crown Prince's expected return date, Wang Seok then returned safely on the 26th and got such as greeting the new year and receiving a golden robes (금직문기의복, 金織文綺衣服).<ref name="Seokming" />

Revision as of 11:37, 9 October 2021

Not to be confused with the Mid-late Joseon Queen Consort as the first wife of Yeongjo of Joseon, Queen Jeongseong.
Crown Prince Jeongseong
정성세자
Prince Jeongseong
(정성군, 定城君)
Prince of Goryeo
Reign1388–1389
Coronation1388
Crown Prince of Goryeo
Reign1389 – July 1392
Coronation1389
PredecessorCrown Prince Wang Jeong
SuccessorDynasty abolished
(Crown Prince Yi Bang-u as the first Crown Prince of Joseon)
BornWang Dan
Kingdom of Goryeo
Died1394
Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Kingdom of Joseon
Spouse
Crown Princess Consort, of the Incheon Yi clan
​
​
(m. 1391⁠–⁠1394)​
HouseHouse of Wang
FatherGongyang of Goryeo
MotherRoyal Consort Sun of the Gyoha No clan
ReligionBuddhism
Crown Prince Jeongseong
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJeongseong Seja
McCune–ReischauerChŏngsŏng Sech'a
Birth name
Hangul
왕단, later 왕석
Hanja
王瑞, later 王奭
Revised RomanizationWang Dan, later Wang Seok
McCune–ReischauerWang Tan, later Wang Sŏk
Childhood name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationWang Seo
McCune–ReischauerWang Sŏ
Prince Jeongseong
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJeongseong gun
McCune–ReischauerChŏngsŏng kun

Crown Prince Jeongseong (Hangul: 정성세자 , Hanja: 定城世子; d. 1394) or known before as Prince Jeongseong (Korean: 정성군; Hanja: 定城君), personal name Wang Seok (Korean: 왕석; Hanja: 王奭) or firstly Wang Dan (Korean: 왕단; Hanja: 王瑞) was the last Crown prince of Goryeo Dynasty as the only son of King Gongyang of Goryeo and Royal Consort Sun.[1] After Yi Seong-gye established the new dynasty, he was deposed from his throne along with his parent and got assassinated.[2]

Biography

Early life

Born as Wang Dan (왕단, 王瑞), he was the only son of Prince Jeongchang and Lady No.[3] Then, he changed his name into "Seok" (석, 奭) and firstly honoured as Prince Jeongseong (정성군, 定城君) on 1388.[1] One year later, following his father who ascended the throne under General Yi Seong-gye's command after deposed Chang of Goryeo, he then become Crown Prince (왕세자, 王世子).[1]

Palace life and marriage

In 1390, Seoyeon was opened, a "Sabu" (사부, 師傅) and a "Sihak" (시학, 侍學) were appointed and received Confucian education, there were also Jo Jun (조준) and Yi Seo (이서). The Crown Prince was said to engrossed in Buddhism and on 4 February 1391, he went to "Hoeam Temple" (회암사), where he and his parents prayed all night long. In the next day, Seok offered 1,200 linens (1,200필) to the monks.[1]

On 20 February 1391, there was held the Selection of the Crown Princess Consort (세자빈 간택) and the chosen one was Yi Won-goeng (이원굉)'s daughter from the Incheon Yi clan (인천 이씨).[1] Not long after that, the King gave her a dignitary as her gifts and the white crown bows. Lady Yi then became the Crown Princess Consort (왕세자빈, 王世子嬪) not long after their marriage in the same year.

Meanwhile, after a year since the King decided to move the capital to Hanyang, but changed to Gaegyeong after decided again. Wang Seok then visited "Yangneung" (양릉, 陽陵) and made a sacrifice in Hyosin Hall (효신전, 孝愼殿) to announce the moved capital back to Gaegyeong.

In March, Bongsungdogam (봉숭도감) was installed and he then followed the Crown Prince's Ceremony (세자 책봉례). However, his father tried to enforce the Ceremony inconsistent with the etiquette, so Gim Ja-su (김자수), an ambassador from Seonggyungwan, took issue with it. Finally, the Ceremony was postponed to August. Then, on 15th, the King delivered the Crown Prince's seal to Wang Seok through Seol Jang-su (설장수), a priest from Chanseong Temple (찬성사) and a feast was held after the ceremony. Also, on 25th, they announced that Seok already became the Crown Prince.

Affairs with the Ming Dynasty

Meanwhile, Wang Seok was said to distracted by the issue of joined and made alliance with the Ming Dynasty. There were voices of concern that the Ming might not rebuke the Crown Prince. The Ming sent their first envoy in April after King Gongyang ascended the throne and demanded that 10,000 horses (1만필) be sold in Goryeo, but Goryeo could not meet the number and only sent 1,500 horses in June (1,500필만).[4] At this time, the Crown Prince was reprimanded for not meeting the deadline after sent to the Ming Dynasty, but there were no way for the Crown Prince to responded. Meanwhile, merchants who trade sheep were participate in the envoy to Ipjo and the ambassadors, such as Heo-Eung (허응) filed an appeal in September, insisted that the merchants be excluded from the party.

Later, from September until December, the Crown Prince, Seol Jang-su, and others were left the Ming and went back to Goryeo. On 10 March 1392, while Yi Hyeon (이현, 李玄) already arrived in Goryeo and reports the Crown Prince's expected return date, Wang Seok then returned safely on the 26th and got such as greeting the new year and receiving a golden robes (금직문기의복, 金織文綺衣服).[4]

He was loved by the Ming's Emperor and treated him to a western tea while honoured as "Marquess" (후, 侯) and "Duke" (공, 公), those made the Emperor also gave Wang Seok the banquets and feasts five times for several days during the Civil War and was given away the 2 Jeong (2정, 錠) gold, 10 jeong (10정) silver, and 100 pieces of silks (견단 100필).

While returned home in the following years, he was welcomed by the Goryeo official who came out in Sodae Gate (서대문), Gaegyeong. However, all of Ming's given on him, returned to the national treasury by Wang Seok own and it was said that he stole some of it and secretly bought a gun and gave it to his lover.

In April, Wang Seok went back to Jeokgyeong-won (적경원, 積慶園) in Hyosin Hall and he then met Yi Seong-gye in Hwangju, but in the next day, he visited Yi again who was injured after falling off a horse while hunting.

Deposition from the throne and death

In July 1392, Yi Seong-gye deposed Wang's father, King Gongyang and following this, he then became the Deposed Crown Prince (폐세자, 廢世子) while they got exiled firstly to Wonju and later moved to Goyang, Gyeonggi-do. On 4 March 1394, they were moved again to Samcheok-si and was killed in there.[5]

Yi, who was now the new King of the new dynasty, reported this news to the Ming and after received this news, the Ming finally understood that Wang Seok didn't return safely to Goryeo and instead got killed.

Family

  • Father: Gongyang of Goryeo (9 March 1345 - 17 May 1394) (고려 공양왕)
    • Grandfather: Wang Gyun, Internal Prince Jeongwon (왕균 정원부원군)
    • Grandmother: Queen Mother Wang of Samhan State (삼한국대비 왕씨)
  • Mother: Royal Consort Sun of the Gyoha No clan (? - 1394) (순비 노씨)
    • Grandfather: No-Jin, Prince Changseong (? - 1376) (노진 창성군)
    • Grandmother: Grand Lady, of the Hong clan (명의비 홍씨)
      • Little sister: Princess Suknyeong (숙녕궁주)
        • Little brother In-law: Wang-Jib, Prince Ikcheon (? - 1392) (왕집 익천군)
      • Little sister: Princess Jeongsin (? - 1421) (정신궁주)
        • Little brother In-law: U Seong-Beom, Prince Danyang (? - 1392) (우성범 단양군)
      • Little sister: Princess Gyeonghwa (경화궁주)
        • Little brother In-law: Gang Hoe-Gye, Prince Jinwon (? - 1392) (강회계 진원군)[6]
  • Wife: Crown Princess Consort, of the Incheon Yi clan[7] – No issue.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "공양왕 왕자 세자 왕석". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  2. ^ 한국 무예 사료 총서, vol. 3 [A Collection of Korean Martial Arts Materials, vol. 3] (in Korean). University of Michigan: National Folklore Museum. 2005. p. 801.
  3. ^ "왕의 일가를 책봉하고 사면령을 내리다". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "명에 세자를 하정사로 보내다". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  5. ^ Lee Han-woo (2018). 이한우의 태종실록 재위 8년: 새로운 해석, 예리한 통찰 [Hanwoo Lee’s 8th year of reign in the Annals of Taejong: New interpretations, sharp insights] (in Korean). Book21 Publishing Group.
  6. ^ The little brother of Gang Hoe-Baek (강회백) who was father of Gang Seok-Deok, Internal Prince Jinyang (강석덕 진양부원군). Seok-deok was the son in-law of Sim-On, Internal Prince Cheongcheon (심온 청천부원군) who was the father of Queen Soheon, the primary wife of Sejong of Joseon.
  7. ^ Daughter of Yi Won-goeng, Prince Yeonsan (이원굉 연산군), the 12th generation of Yi Heo-gyeom (이허겸). After her husband died, she then remarried again and just become Lady Yi (부인 이씨).
Crown Prince Jeongseong
Regnal titles
Preceded by Crown Prince of Goryeo
1389–1392 		Succeeded by
Dynasty abolished
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