Southern Railway 1401

Southern Railway 1401
Southern Railway 1401 seen in the National Museum of American History in Washington, DC
Type and origin Power type Steam Builder American Locomotive Company Richmond works Serial number 66888 Build date July 1926
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-2  • UIC 2′C1′ h Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Leading dia. 33 in (0.838 m) Driver dia. 73 in (1.854 m) Trailing dia. 43 in (1.092 m) Loco weight 304,000 lb (138,000 kg) Total weight 565,600 lb (256,600 kg) Fuel type Coal Tender cap. Coal: 16 short tons (14.5 t) Water: 14,000 US gal (53,000 L; 12,000 imp gal) Boiler pressure 200 psi (1.38 MPa) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 27 × 28 in (0.686 × 0.711 m) Valve gear Baker valve gear (original configuration), later equipped with Walschaerts
Performance figures Tractive effort 47,500 lbf (211.29 kN)
Career Operators Southern Railway (U.S.) Class Ps-4 Number in class 46 of 64 Locale United States, South and Midwest Retired 1952 Current owner Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.) Disposition On static display at the National Museum of American History

Southern Railway 1401 is a steam locomotive that is the sole survivor of Southern Railway's Ps-4 class. Today it is on permanent display at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. It has a Pacific-type or 4-6-2 (Whyte notation) wheel arrangement and was built in July 1926 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) at their Richmond works.

History

It pulled Southern's highest-level passenger trains from 1926 until dieselization in the early 1950s, mostly on Southern's Charlotte Division between Salisbury, North Carolina and Greenville, South Carolina. On Saturday night, April 25th, 1942, #1401 and fellow class locomotive #1403, derailed and landed on their sides when they hit a stalled truck on the crossing at Norcross, Georgia. Its most famous and historic use was as one of the locomotives that pulled President Franklin Roosevelt's funeral train from Warm Springs, Georgia, to Washington in April 1945. The Smithsonian Institution gathered information on two of 1401's engineers from a 1962 Greenville, SC, newspaper interview with one of the Southern's fireman nicknamed "Box Car". "Box Car" (fireman for "DC") accidentally confused the engineers, who happened to be brothers. Oscar "OC" Surratt was one of the engineers on the train that took Roosevelt to Warm Springs. His brother Cleve "DC" Surratt was one of the engineers that brought Roosevelt's body back to Washington. In the 1950s, war hero and outside legal counsel to Southern Graham Claytor (who would later become Southern's president) convinced then-Southern president Harry deButts to donate one of the retired Ps-4s to the Smithsonian instead of scrapping it. In this way 1401 was saved, and has been on display at the Smithsonian since it was delivered there on November 25, 1961.

Current status

Today Southern Railway 1401 is one of the exhibits in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. Southern cosmetically restored the locomotive just before sending it for display at the Smithsonian, and it was probably stored serviceable when it was retired from active service, but it has not operated in more than half a century. When Graham Claytor was a Southern executive in the mid-1960s, he attempted to lease 1401 from the Smithsonian for operational use in Southern's steam excursion program. The Smithsonian refused, and Claytor leased Southern Railway No. 4501 (originally a freight locomotive with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement) and painted it in the green, gold, and silver scheme instituted for the Ps-4s.

In 2012, the locomotive made an appearance in an episode of Parks and Recreation. Andy (Chris Pratt) mistakes it for Sierra #3, the locomotive seen in Back to the Future Part III, and attempts to climb on it.

References

• Prince, Richard E. (1983). Southern Railway System Steam Locomotives and Boats (revised ed.).
• Ranks, Harold E.; Lowe, Shelby F. (1966). Southern Steam Power.
• Wrinn, Jim (2000). Steam's Camelot: Southern and Norfolk Southern Excursions in Color. TLC Publishing. ISBN 1-883089-56-5.
• Bryant, H. Stafford, Jr. (October 1950). "Ps-4". Trains: 20–26.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• King, Ed (January 2002). "Whence the Ps-4, Really?". Ties. 16 (1). Southern Railway Historical Association: 3–9. (origins of Ps-4 design)
• Morgan, David P. (December 1978). "A Paean to the Ps-4". Trains: 28–34.

External links

• picture of Southern Railway 1401 awaiting the Smithsonian in 1953
• picture of Southern Railway 1401 in service in 1933