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==History==
==History==
[[File:EKO Cobra1.jpg|thumb|left|Two members of EKO Cobra in operational loadout (historic).]]
[[File:EKO Cobra1.jpg|thumb|left|Two members of EKO Cobra in operational loadout (historic).]]
The roots of the EKO Cobra lie in the ''Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando Bad Vöslau'' that was originally formed by the regional police authority of [[Lower Austria]] to protect [[East European Jews]] during their migration via Austria to Israel against terrorist threats.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=84}} As the tactical skills of this unit were welcome in other fields, too, the mission of the ''Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando'' became broader in the course of years, and it climbed the hierarchy, from being a regional unit to becoming assigned directly to the ''Generaldirektion für öffentliche Sicherheit'', the leading authority for [[public security]] within the Ministry of the Interior.<ref name="Gendarmeriekommando">{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/4142145 |title=Vom "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" zur "Cobra": Der Aufbau der Österreichischen Antiterrorkräfte |trans-title=From the "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" to the "Cobra": The Build-Up of Austria’s Counterterrorism Forces |first=Thomas |last=Riegler |journal=Journal for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies |volume=7 |number=1 |year=2013 |pages=116–138 |access-date=28 December 2017 |language=de}}</ref>
The roots of the EKO Cobra lie in the ''Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando Bad Vöslau'' that was originally formed by the regional police authority of [[Lower Austria]] to protect [[East European Jews]] during their migration via Austria to Israel against terrorist threats.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=84}} As the tactical skills of this unit were welcome in other fields, too, the mission of the ''Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando'' became broader in the course of years, and it climbed the hierarchy, from being a regional unit to becoming assigned directly to the ''Generaldirektion für öffentliche Sicherheit'', the leading authority for [[public security]] within the Ministry of the Interior.<ref name="Gendarmeriekommando">{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/4142145 |title=Vom "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" zur "Cobra": Der Aufbau der Österreichischen Antiterrorkräfte |trans-title=From the "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" to the "Cobra": The Build-Up of Austria’s Counterterrorism Forces |first=Thomas |last=Riegler |journal=Journal for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies |volume=7 |number=1 |year=2013 |pages=116–138 |access-date=28 December 2017 |language=de}}</ref>


The name ''Cobra'' was coined by the press. It was a reference to the US TV series ''[[Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)|Mission: Impossible]]'' that was aired in German under the title ''Kobra, übernehmen Sie''. It first appeared in June 1973 in the ''[[Kronen Zeitung]]''.<ref name="Gendarmeriekommando"/>
The name ''Cobra'' was coined by the press. It was a reference to the US TV series ''[[Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)|Mission: Impossible]]'' that was aired in German under the title ''Kobra, übernehmen Sie''. It first appeared in June 1973 in the ''[[Kronen Zeitung]]''.<ref name="Gendarmeriekommando"/>


The determining step of founding today's Cobra as a unit of the Ministry of the Interior rather than a regional police unit was done in 1978, primarily as a response to the [[Munich massacre]] attack on [[Israel]]i athletes at the [[1972 Munich Olympics]]. Its main office is in [[Wiener Neustadt]], with sub-offices in [[Graz]], [[Linz]], [[Salzburg]], and [[Innsbruck]]. GSG-9 and Sayeret Matkal trained the first operators of the GEK.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=84}}
The determining step of founding today's Cobra as a unit of the Ministry of the Interior rather than a regional police unit was done in 1978, primarily as a response to the [[Munich massacre]] attack on [[Israel]]i athletes at the [[1972 Munich Olympics]]. Its main office is in [[Wiener Neustadt]], with sub-offices in [[Graz]], [[Linz]], [[Salzburg]], and [[Innsbruck]]. GSG-9 and Sayeret Matkal trained the first operators of the GEK.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=84}}


The Federal Ministry of the Interior changed the unit's name from GEK to EKO Cobra in 2002.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=84}}
The Federal Ministry of the Interior changed the unit's name from GEK to EKO Cobra in 2002.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=84}}


The 450 men{{fact|date=November 2020}} of EKO Cobra have trained with some{{which|date=February 2013}} of the most elite [[special forces]] units.
The 450 men{{fact|date=November 2020}} of EKO Cobra have trained with some{{which|date=February 2013}} of the most elite [[special forces]] units.
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==Organization==
==Organization==
[[File:Einsatzkommando Cobra.png|thumb|right|280px|Locations of the EKO Cobra in Austria.]]
[[File:Einsatzkommando Cobra.png|thumb|right|280px|Locations of the EKO Cobra in Austria.]]
The unit's headquarters is located in [[Wiener Neustadt]] ([[Lower Austria]]).{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=84}} It performs all administrative activities and the training for the EKO Cobra officers. Further departments exist in Vienna, Graz, Linz, and Innsbruck with small field offices in Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Feldkirch.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=84}}
The unit's headquarters is located in [[Wiener Neustadt]] ([[Lower Austria]]).{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=84}} It performs all administrative activities and the training for the EKO Cobra officers. Further departments exist in Vienna, Graz, Linz, and Innsbruck with small field offices in Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Feldkirch.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=84}}


Each department contains four teams and each field office contains two. This structure allows the units to be deployed anywhere in Austria in under 70 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faz.net/s/Rub77CAECAE94D7431F9EACD163751D4CFD/Doc~E6D884ACEEFC148CCB67BF2E7866D53E5~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |title=Österreichische Sondereinheit: Cobra, übernehmen Sie! |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |date=26 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2012 |language=de}}</ref>
Each department contains four teams and each field office contains two. This structure allows the units to be deployed anywhere in Austria in under 70 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faz.net/s/Rub77CAECAE94D7431F9EACD163751D4CFD/Doc~E6D884ACEEFC148CCB67BF2E7866D53E5~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |title=Österreichische Sondereinheit: Cobra, übernehmen Sie! |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |date=26 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2012 |language=de}}</ref>


On 1 April 2013, EKO Cobra was merged in the newly established Special Operations Directorate - DSE (''Direktion für Spezialeinheiten '').{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=85}} This organisation serves as a unified command for the units with special tasks of the [[Federal Police (Austria)|Austrian Federal Police]].
On 1 April 2013, EKO Cobra was merged in the newly established Special Operations Directorate - DSE (''Direktion für Spezialeinheiten '').{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=85}} This organisation serves as a unified command for the units with special tasks of the [[Federal Police (Austria)|Austrian Federal Police]].


Further units of the DSE are the police's [[Bomb disposal|bomb disposal units]], the observation units and special investigative units.<ref>https://www.bmi.gv.at/207/start.aspx</ref>
Further units of the DSE are the police's [[Bomb disposal|bomb disposal units]], the observation units and special investigative units.<ref>https://www.bmi.gv.at/207/start.aspx</ref>
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|[[File:AUG A1 407mm 03.jpg|frameless|118x118px]]
|[[File:AUG A1 407mm 03.jpg|frameless|118x118px]]
|3 variants:
|3 variants:
Steyr AUG A1, Steyr AUG A2,{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=85}} Steyr AUG A3
Steyr AUG A1, Steyr AUG A2,{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=85}} Steyr AUG A3
|-
|-
! colspan="7" |'''[[Pistol]]'''
! colspan="7" |'''[[Pistol]]'''
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|
|
|[[File:Manurhin-MR-73.jpg|frameless|119x119px]]
|[[File:Manurhin-MR-73.jpg|frameless|119x119px]]
|Former sidearm, now replaced.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=85}}
|Former sidearm, now replaced.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=85}}
|-
|-
! colspan="7" |[[Submachine gun|Submachine Gun]]
! colspan="7" |[[Submachine gun|Submachine Gun]]
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|
|
|[[File:H&K MP7.jpg|frameless|118x118px]]
|[[File:H&K MP7.jpg|frameless|118x118px]]
|Small number used for close protection ops.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=85}} Replaced by the B&T APC9.{{sfn|Leigh|2019|p=85}}
|Small number used for close protection ops.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=85}} Replaced by the B&T APC9.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=85}}
|-
|-
|[[Brügger & Thomet APC9|B&T APC9]]
|[[Brügger & Thomet APC9|B&T APC9]]

Revision as of 20:08, 14 October 2021

This article is about the Austrian police tactical unit. For the EKO Cobra guitar, see Eko guitars.
Not to be confused with Cobra 11 or Commando Battalion for Resolute Action.
Einsatzkommando Cobra (German)
Patch of EKO Cobra
Active1978-present
CountryAustria
AgencyFederal Ministry of the Interior
TypePolice tactical unit
Role
HeadquartersWiener Neustadt, Austria
Common nameEKO Cobra
Structure
Operators450

EKO Cobra (Template:Lang-de) is the police tactical unit of the Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior. EKO Cobra is not part of the Austrian Federal Police, but instead is directly under the control of the Federal Ministry of the Interior.

History

Two members of EKO Cobra in operational loadout (historic).

The roots of the EKO Cobra lie in the Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando Bad Vöslau that was originally formed by the regional police authority of Lower Austria to protect East European Jews during their migration via Austria to Israel against terrorist threats.[1] As the tactical skills of this unit were welcome in other fields, too, the mission of the Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando became broader in the course of years, and it climbed the hierarchy, from being a regional unit to becoming assigned directly to the Generaldirektion für öffentliche Sicherheit, the leading authority for public security within the Ministry of the Interior.[2]

The name Cobra was coined by the press. It was a reference to the US TV series Mission: Impossible that was aired in German under the title Kobra, übernehmen Sie. It first appeared in June 1973 in the Kronen Zeitung.[2]

The determining step of founding today's Cobra as a unit of the Ministry of the Interior rather than a regional police unit was done in 1978, primarily as a response to the Munich massacre attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Its main office is in Wiener Neustadt, with sub-offices in Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. GSG-9 and Sayeret Matkal trained the first operators of the GEK.[1]

The Federal Ministry of the Interior changed the unit's name from GEK to EKO Cobra in 2002.[1]

The 450 men[citation needed] of EKO Cobra have trained with some[which?] of the most elite special forces units.

Known operations

EKO Cobra was involved in a hostage rescue in the Graz-Karlau Prison in 1996, and numerous other operations. Although it has never participated in the same type of hostage rescue operations that the HRT, GIGN, GIS, NSG, ERU, GSG 9, and the SAS have had, the EKO Cobra is the only Counter-Terrorism unit to end a hijacking while the aircraft was still in the air. On 17 October 1996, four Cobra officers were on board an Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 escorting deported prisoners to Lagos when a Nigerian man threatened the cockpit crew with a knife and demanded a diversion to Germany or South Africa. The team overpowered the man and handed him over to authorities after landing.[3]

In the course of the 2006 Lebanon War EKO Cobra assisted in the evacuation of Austrians and other EU citizens from Lebanon.[4]

135 EKO Cobra operatives together with units of the Austrian Armed Forces were involved in the search for Alois Huber in the Annaberg shooting, who killed three police officers and one Red Cross EMT on 17 September 2013, in Lower Austria.[5]

In 2016, 42 officers supported the German Police in the Munich shooting.[6][7][8]

In 2017, 20 EKO Cobra operatives were directly involved to end the severe riots in the Schanzenviertel area during the G20 Hamburg summit, three operatives were wounded.[9][10][11]

EKO Cobra also is assisting in the manhunt of the remaining suspect who was involved in the 2020 Vienna attack. [12]

See also: ATLAS Network

Recruitment and training

Officers of the EKO Cobra rope down a building

Any member of the Austrian Federal Police may apply to the EKO Cobra. The tests consist of medical examinations, psychological tests, and vigorous physical tests. Upon successful completion of the tests the recruits attend 6 months of specialized training which includes marksmanship, tactical training, sports, driver courses, abseiling/rappelling, hand-to-hand combat, language classes, etc. Besides the courses taught in the basic training, further specialization is possible in fields, such as parachuting, diving, explosives, or sniping.[13]

Since its establishment in 1978, 1,140 officers have served in EKO Cobra.[14]

Organization

Locations of the EKO Cobra in Austria.

The unit's headquarters is located in Wiener Neustadt (Lower Austria).[1] It performs all administrative activities and the training for the EKO Cobra officers. Further departments exist in Vienna, Graz, Linz, and Innsbruck with small field offices in Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Feldkirch.[1]

Each department contains four teams and each field office contains two. This structure allows the units to be deployed anywhere in Austria in under 70 minutes.[15]

On 1 April 2013, EKO Cobra was merged in the newly established Special Operations Directorate - DSE (Direktion für Spezialeinheiten ).[16] This organisation serves as a unified command for the units with special tasks of the Austrian Federal Police.

Further units of the DSE are the police's bomb disposal units, the observation units and special investigative units.[17]

Equipment

Weapons

An officer of the Austrian counter-terrorism unit EKO Cobra handling a Steyr AUG rifle during an airborne operation (the aircraft is a Bell 206B Jet Ranger).

EKO Cobra is armed mainly with Austrian weaponry, but sometimes foreign-produced arms are used too.

Name Origin Type Calibre Quantity Photo Notes
Assault Rifle & Battle Rifle
Steyr AUG Austria Assault Rifle 5.56×45mm 3 variants:

Steyr AUG A1, Steyr AUG A2,[16] Steyr AUG A3

Pistol
Glock 17 Gen 3 Austria Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Is the standard issue sidearm of EKO Cobra, sometimes equipped with a tactical flashlight.
Glock 18 Austria Machine pistol 9×19mm with select-fire capability (semi-automatic, fully automatic)
Glock 19 Austria Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm
Manurhin MR 73 France Revolver Former sidearm, now replaced.[16]
Submachine Gun
Steyr TMP Austria Submachine Gun 9×19mm
H&K MP5A3 Germany Submachine Gun 9×19mm
H&K MP7 Germany Submachine Gun 4.6×30mm Small number used for close protection ops.[16] Replaced by the B&T APC9.[16]
B&T APC9 Switzerland Submachine Gun 9×19mm
Sniper rifle
Steyr SSG 69 Austria Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm including sound-suppressed variant
PGM Hécate II France Anti-materiel rifle .50 BMG
Shotgun
Remington 870 United States Pump-action shotgun 12 gauge
Franchi SPAS-12 Italy Combat shotgun 12 gauge File:SPAS-12 stock folded.jpg
H&K HK512 Germany Semi-automatic shotgun 12 gauge
Grenade launcher
H&K HK69A1 Germany Grenade launcher 40mm

Special equipment

EKO Cobra use a variety of equipment designed for a variety of situations.

Uniforms

EKO Cobra officers wear the uniform of the Austrian Federal Police with certain modifications:

  • Maroon beret to indicate their elite status
  • The unit's insignia is worn instead of the police insignia
  • The rank insignia's background is black instead of red as from the regular Federal Police uniforms

During tactical operations the officers wear green or black coveralls along with their tactical gear.

Annual Warrior Competition

EKO Cobra competed in the 2011 Annual Warrior Competition winning top honors.[18] EKO Cobra defeated a United States Marine Corps 13th MEU and a joint team from U.S. Army Special Forces 5th Group and Jordan SFG 101 among many others.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Neville 2019, p. 84.
  2. ^ a b Riegler, Thomas (2013). "Vom "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" zur "Cobra": Der Aufbau der Österreichischen Antiterrorkräfte" [From the "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" to the "Cobra": The Build-Up of Austria’s Counterterrorism Forces]. Journal for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies (in German). 7 (1): 116–138. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  3. ^ https://www.bmi.gv.at/207/Publikationen/files/Air_Marshals.pdf
  4. ^ http://www.oe-journal.at/Aktuelles/!2006/0806/W1/20408bmi.htm
  5. ^ Loinig, Matthias. "Charred body of Austrian gunman found in bunker of house". Austrian Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  6. ^ "Tiroler Cobra-Beamte in München im Einsatz" [Tyrolean Cobra officers in action in Munich]. ORF (in German). 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  7. ^ "42 Cobra-Beamte in München im Einsatz" [42 Cobra officers in action in Munich]. Die Presse (in German). 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  8. ^ Wenda, Gregor (2017). "Gemeinsame Terrorbekämpfung" [Joint Counter-Terrorism] (PDF). Sondereinheiten (in German). Federal Ministry of the Interior: 11–16. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  9. ^ Unger, Christian; Emmrich, Julia (9 July 2017). "Österreichische "Cobra" im Einsatz". Berliner Morgenpost (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Drei Österreicher verletzt: Deutsche Polizei fürchtet neue Eskalation". Die Presse (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  11. ^ Hofer, Stefan (11 July 2017). "G-20: Cobra und Wega "an vorderster Front"". Kurier (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  12. ^ https://www.vindobona.org/article/terror-attack-in-vienna-perpetrator-was-sympathizer-of-the-islamic-state
  13. ^ Spiegel TV Spezial: Einsatzkommando Cobra - Ausbildung einer Elite-Einheit. Fernsehreportage, 2006.
  14. ^ "30 Jahre "Cobra"" (PDF). Federal Ministry of the Interior (in German). Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  15. ^ "Österreichische Sondereinheit: Cobra, übernehmen Sie!". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 26 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  16. ^ a b c d e Neville 2019, p. 85.
  17. ^ https://www.bmi.gv.at/207/start.aspx
  18. ^ a b "3rd Annual Warrior Competition Event, 2011". Warrior Competition. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

Bibliography

  • Neville, Leigh (2019). The Elite: The A–Z of Modern Special Operations Forces. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472824295.
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