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==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|last=Edney|first=Matthew H.|title=Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LF_FBgAAQBAJ|year=2009|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-18486-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Edney|first=Matthew H.|title=Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LF_FBgAAQBAJ|year=2009|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-18486-9}}
* [[John Keay]]. 2000. ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JgsgAQAAIAAJ The Great Arc]'', London: Harper Collins. {{ISBN|0-00-257062-9}}.
* {{Cite book|last=Dean|first=Riaz|title=Mapping The Great Game: Explorers, Spies & Maps in Nineteenth-century Asia|publisher=Casemate (UK)|year=2019|isbn=978-1-61200-814-1|location=Oxford|pages=67-123 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WF3JDwAAQBAJ}}
* {{citation |title=The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India in a Historical Perspective |first=Rama |last=Deb Roy |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |volume=21 |number=1 |pp=22–32 |date=1986 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125140928/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b5b_22.pdf}}
* {{citation |title=The Survey of India Since the Second World War |first=G. F. |last=Heaney |journal=The Geographical Journal |date=September 1952 |volume=118 |number=3 |pp=280-293 |jstor=1790313}}
* Reginald Henry Phillimore, ''Historical Records of the Survey of India,'' 5 vols. Dehra Dun, Survey of India (1945–1968)
* Reginald Henry Phillimore, ''Historical Records of the Survey of India,'' 5 vols. Dehra Dun, Survey of India (1945–1968)
** [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.35328 Volume 1: 18th Century]; [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.35329 Volume 2: 1800 to 1815]; [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.27830 Volume 3: 1815 to 1830]; [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.27831 Volume 4: 1830 to 1843]; [https://archive.org/details/1968-historical-records-of-survey-of-india-vol-5-by-phillimore-s-volume-v Volume 5: 1844 to 1861]


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 11:44, 25 October 2021

Survey of India
Survey and mapping agency overview
Formed1767; 257 years ago (1767)[1]
JurisdictionEast India Company (1767–1858)
British Raj (1858–1947)
Government of India (from 1947)
HeadquartersHathibarkala Estate, New Cantt Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India[2]
Minister responsible
Survey and mapping agency executives
Parent departmentDepartment of Science and Technology
Websitesurveyofindia.gov.in
A map showing the triangles and transects used in the Great Trigonometrical Survey (1802-1852), produced in 1870.
Surveyor-General of India George Everest (b.1790-d.1866) under whom GTS was completed and Mount Everest was named in his honour.

The Survey of India is India's central engineering agency in charge of mapping and surveying.[3] Set up in 1767[4] to help consolidate the territories of the British East India Company, it is one of the oldest Engineering Departments of the Government of India. Its members are from Survey of India Service cadre of Civil Services of India and Army Officers from the Indian Army Corps of Engineers. It is headed by the Surveyor General of India. At present, Survey of India is headed by Naveen Tomar.

History

The history of the Survey of India dates back to the 18th century.[5] "First modern scientific survey of India" was undertaken by W. Mather in 1793–96 on instructions of Superintendent of Salem and Baramahal, Col. Alexander Read. The present Dharmapuri district, Krishnagiri district and North Arcot in western Tamil Nadu were then called Baramahal.[6]

Great Trigonometrical Survey (1802–1852) was started by British surveyor Col. William Lambton on 10 April 1802 from St. Thomas Mount in Chennai to foothills of Himalayas. 36 inch huge half ton weight Theodolite was used, which took 57 days to measure the 12-km base line. This 5-decade project was completed under Survey General Lt. George Everest in the year 1852. Pioneering mathematician and Surveyor Radhanath Sikdar measured Mount Everest in 1852, with a height of 29,002 feet. Modern measurements indicate the height is 29,037 feet. This is regarded as the beginning of a new age of systematic topographical mapping in India succeeding the classical age, and the founding of one of the oldest survey and mapping agencies in the world.

Organisation

The Survey of India, headquartered at Dehra Dun, has 18 Geo Spatial divisions ranging from the prediction of tides to aerial survey. It has 23 Geo-spatial Data Centers spread across India, each catering to the respective administrative area. Surveyors are the back bone of Survey of India. Appointments to Group 'A' Civil Stream posts in the Junior Time Scale (Dy Supdtg Surveyor) in Survey of India are made on the basis of competitive Indian Engineering Services examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission and also through permanent secondment of Army Officers Defence Stream by the Union Public Service Commission. The important posts/ grades in Survey of India are in the following order of seniority: Draftsman, Plane Tabler, Survey Assistant, Surveyor, Officer Surveyor, Deputy Superintending Surveyor, Superintending Surveyor, Superintending Surveyor (Non-Functional Second Grade)/Deputy Director, Director/Deputy Surveyor General, Additional Surveyor General, Surveyor General.

Responsibilities

Maps

Survey of India publishes maps and the unrestricted category maps can be obtained at very affordable prices from its several Geo-spatial data centers. Restricted category maps require due approval from government authorities. Many other rules govern the sale and use of Survey of India maps. Only an Indian citizen may purchase topographic maps and these may not be exported from India for any reason.[7] On 15 February 2021, the Government of India announced changes to the country's mapping policy.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About Us". Survey of India. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  2. ^ "Contact us". Survey of India. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  3. ^ On 250th birthday, Survey of India wants to shed its cloak of secrecy, Indian Express.
  4. ^ St. Peter Church Allahabad.
  5. ^ Dean, Riaz (2019). Mapping The Great Game: Explorers, Spies & Maps in Nineteenth-century Asia. Oxford: Casemate (UK). pp. 72–83. ISBN 978-1-61200-814-1.
  6. ^ Baramahal records Vol.I P.220, In Letter Dated 04.10.1797 The British Government appreciated Col. Alexander Read.
  7. ^ "Restriction on maps in India". 3 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Chaudhary, Swapnil (17 February 2021). "New mapping policy". Policy Code. Retrieved 5 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Further reading

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