Jump to content

Tharman Shanmugaratnam: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
reorganise section, remove unrelated statement
No edit summary
Line 83: Line 83:
| signature = Tharman Shanmugaratnam signature.svg
| signature = Tharman Shanmugaratnam signature.svg
}}
}}
'''Tharman Shanmugaratnam''' (born 25 February 1957) is a [[Singaporean]] politician who has been serving as [[Senior Minister]] since 2019 and [[Coordinating Minister for Social Policies]] since 2015. A member of the governing [[People's Action Party]] (PAP), he has been a [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] of the 14th [[Parliament of Singapore]] representing the [[Taman Jurong]] ward of [[Jurong Group Representation Constituency|Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC)]] since 2001. He was previously [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] (2011–2019), [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Minister for Education]] (2003–2008), [[Ministry of Finance (Singapore)|Minister for Finance]] (2007–2015) and [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Minister for Manpower]] (2011–2012).<ref name="channelnewsasia.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pm-lee-and-singapore-s/2162926.html|title=PM Lee and Singapore's new Cabinet sworn in|publisher=CNA|last1=Singapore|first1=CNA|access-date=5 October 2015|archive-date=5 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005003054/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pm-lee-and-singapore-s/2162926.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/338040/1/.html|title=PM Lee unveils cabinet changes|date=29 March 2008|work=Channel News Asia|location=Singapore|first=May|last=Wong|access-date=29 March 2008|archive-date=31 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331133643/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/338040/1/.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also been the Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] since 1 May 2011, and Deputy Chairman of [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]] and chairman of GIC's Investment Strategies Committee. In the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore]], he chairs the [[National Jobs Council]] to oversee the large-scale growth of jobs and training opportunities for workers affected by the pandemic.<ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/national-jobs-council-will-create-jobs-and-training-opportunities-on-an</ref>
'''Tharman Shanmugaratnam''' (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as [[Senior Minister]] since 2019 and [[Coordinating Minister for Social Policies]] since 2015. A member of the governing [[People's Action Party]] (PAP), he is a [[Member of parliament|Member]] of the [[14th Parliament of Singapore|14th Parliament]] and has been representing the [[Taman Jurong]] ward of [[Jurong Group Representation Constituency|Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC)]] since 2001. He was previously [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] (2011–2019), [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Minister for Education]] (2003–2008), [[Ministry of Finance (Singapore)|Minister for Finance]] (2007–2015) and [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Minister for Manpower]] (2011–2012).<ref name="channelnewsasia.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pm-lee-and-singapore-s/2162926.html|title=PM Lee and Singapore's new Cabinet sworn in|publisher=CNA|last1=Singapore|first1=CNA|access-date=5 October 2015|archive-date=5 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005003054/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/pm-lee-and-singapore-s/2162926.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/338040/1/.html|title=PM Lee unveils cabinet changes|date=29 March 2008|work=Channel News Asia|location=Singapore|first=May|last=Wong|access-date=29 March 2008|archive-date=31 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331133643/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/338040/1/.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also been the Chairman of the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] since 1 May 2011, and Deputy Chairman of [[GIC (Singaporean sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]] and chairman of GIC's Investment Strategies Committee. In the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore]], he chairs the [[National Jobs Council]] to oversee the large-scale growth of jobs and training opportunities for workers affected by the pandemic.<ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/national-jobs-council-will-create-jobs-and-training-opportunities-on-an</ref>


An economist by profession, Tharman worked at the Monetary Authority of Singapore and Ministry of Education before he made his political debut in the [[2001 Singaporean general election|2001 general election]] as part of a five-member [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) team contesting in [[Jurong Group Representation Constituency|Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC)]]. The PAP team won with 79.75% of the vote against the [[Singapore Democratic Party]] and Tharman became a Member of Parliament representing the Taman Jurong ward of Jurong GRC. Since then, he has retained his parliamentary seat after the PAP team in Jurong GRC won the subsequent general elections.
An economist by profession, Tharman worked at the Monetary Authority of Singapore and Ministry of Education before he made his political debut in the [[2001 Singaporean general election|2001 general election]] as part of a five-member [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) team contesting in [[Jurong Group Representation Constituency|Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC)]]. The PAP team won with 79.75% of the vote against the [[Singapore Democratic Party]] and Tharman became a Member of Parliament representing the Taman Jurong ward of Jurong GRC. Since then, he has retained his parliamentary seat after the PAP team in Jurong GRC won the subsequent general elections.

Revision as of 11:03, 1 November 2021

The Honourable
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம்
Tharman in 2010
5th Senior Minister of Singapore
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 May 2019
Serving with Teo Chee Hean
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded bySeat Vacant
ConstituencyJurong GRC
Coordinating Minister for Social Policies
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 October 2015
Economic and Social Policies : 1 October 2015 – 30 April 2019
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byHeng Swee Keat
(Co-ordinating Minister for Economic Policies)
Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
In office
21 May 2011 – 1 May 2019
Serving with Teo Chee Hean
President
See list
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byWong Kan Seng
Succeeded byHeng Swee Keat
Minister for Manpower
In office
21 May 2011 – 31 July 2012
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byGan Kim Yong
Succeeded byTan Chuan-Jin
Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 May 2011
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
DeputyLim Hng Kiang
(2006-2021)
Lawrence Wong
(2021-present)
Minister for FinanceHimself
(2007–2015)
Heng Swee Keat
(2015–2021)
Lawrence Wong
(2021–present)
Preceded byGoh Chok Tong
Minister for Finance
In office
1 December 2007 – 30 September 2015
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byLee Hsien Loong
Succeeded byHeng Swee Keat
Minister for Education
In office
1 August 2003 – 31 March 2008
Prime Minister
See list
Preceded byTeo Chee Hean
Succeeded byNg Eng Hen
Member of the Singaporean Parliament
for Jurong GRC
(Taman Jurong)
Incumbent
Assumed office
3 November 2001
Preceded byPosition established
Majority60,501 (49.24%)
Personal details
Born
Tharman Shanmugaratnam

(1957-02-25) 25 February 1957 (age 67)
Singapore
CitizenshipSingapore
Political partyPeople's Action Party
SpouseJane Yumiko Ittogi
Children4
EducationLondon School of Economics (BSc)
University of Cambridge (MPhil)
Harvard University
(MPA)
Signature

Tharman Shanmugaratnam (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Senior Minister since 2019 and Coordinating Minister for Social Policies since 2015. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he is a Member of the 14th Parliament and has been representing the Taman Jurong ward of Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC) since 2001. He was previously Deputy Prime Minister (2011–2019), Minister for Education (2003–2008), Minister for Finance (2007–2015) and Minister for Manpower (2011–2012).[1][2] He has also been the Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore since 1 May 2011, and Deputy Chairman of GIC and chairman of GIC's Investment Strategies Committee. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, he chairs the National Jobs Council to oversee the large-scale growth of jobs and training opportunities for workers affected by the pandemic.[3]

An economist by profession, Tharman worked at the Monetary Authority of Singapore and Ministry of Education before he made his political debut in the 2001 general election as part of a five-member People's Action Party (PAP) team contesting in Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC). The PAP team won with 79.75% of the vote against the Singapore Democratic Party and Tharman became a Member of Parliament representing the Taman Jurong ward of Jurong GRC. Since then, he has retained his parliamentary seat after the PAP team in Jurong GRC won the subsequent general elections.

On the international stage, Tharman is the chairman or a co-chairman of the G20 High Level Independent Panel on financing the global commons for pandemic preparedness and response, Group of Thirty, Global Education Forum, Advisory Board for the United Nations Human Development Report, G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance and International Monetary and Financial Committee. He is also a member of the World Economic Forum's Board of Trustees.

Education

Tharman was educated at Anglo-Chinese School before he attended the London School of Economics and graduated with a bachelor's degree; the London School of Economics awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 2011.[4] He subsequently obtained a Master of Philosophy in economics from the University of Cambridge,[5] and a Master in Public Administration from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, where he received a Lucius N. Littauer Fellow Award for outstanding performance and potential. He was also a student activist while he was studying abroad in the United Kingdom during the 1970s.[6] He originally held socialist beliefs, but his views on economics changed over the course of his career.[6]

Career

Civil career

Tharman started his career as the Chief Economist at the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). He later joined the Singapore Administrative Service and worked in the Ministry of Education as Senior Deputy Secretary for Policy,[7] before returning to the Monetary Authority of Singapore to serve as its Managing Director.[8]

While serving as Director of the MAS's Economics Department in 1993, Tharman was one of five persons charged under the Official Secrets Act in a case involving the publication of Singapore's 1992 second-quarter flash projections in the Business Times. The others were research director Raymond Foo, economist Manu Bhaskaran of Crosby Securities, journalist Kenneth James, and Business Times editor Patrick Daniel.[9]

The trial, which lasted over a year, was reported extensively in the Singapore press.[10] Tharman contested and was eventually acquitted of the charge of communicating the GDP growth flash projections.[11] Senior District Judge Richard Magnus then introduced a lesser charge of negligence because the prosecution's case was that the figures were seen on a document that Tharman had with him during his meeting with the private sector economists and one of his colleagues.[12] Tharman also contested this lesser charge of negligence, and defended himself on the stand for a few days.[13]

The court nevertheless convicted him together with all the others in the case, including the Business Times editor since the newspaper had published the figures.[14] Tharman was fined S$1,500 while the others were each fined S$2,000.[14] As there was no finding that Tharman communicated any classified information, the conviction did not pose any hurdle to his subsequent appointment as Managing Director of the MAS, or to his subsequent political career.

Tharman has been the Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, Singapore's central bank and financial regulatory authority, since May 2011.[15][16] He was appointed Deputy Chairman of GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, in May 2019 and has been chairing its Investment Strategy Committee.

Tharman led the SkillsFuture programme launched in 2014 to assist Singaporean workers in re-skilling or upgrading their skills. He subsequently chaired the tripartite Council for Skills, Innovation and Productivity until May 2017.[17]

Tharman is also the Chairman of the Economic Development Board's International Advisory Council,[18] and the International Academic Advisory Panel that advises the government on strategies for the university sector.[19] He also chaired the Board of Trustees of the Singapore Indian Development Association.[20] He also chairs the Ong Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute.

Political career

In 2001, Tharman resigned from the Monetary Authority of Singapore to stand for election in the 2001 general election as part of a five-member People's Action Party (PAP) team contesting in Jurong Group Representation Constituency (GRC). The PAP team won with 79.75% of the vote against the Singapore Democratic Party and Tharman became a Member of Parliament representing the Taman Jurong ward of Jurong GRC in November 2001.[21] Since then, he has retained his parliamentary seat in the subsequent general elections and has become the leader of the PAP team in Jurong GRC.

After the 2001 general election, Tharman was appointed Senior Minister of State at the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Ministry of Education. In December 2002, he was elected to the PAP's Central Executive Committee. On 1 August 2003, he was promoted to full Minister and given the Cabinet portfolio of Minister for Education.

On 30 May 2006, following the 2006 general election, Tharman stepped down as Minister for Education and took up a new portfolio as Second Minister for Finance; Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong was concurrently Minister for Finance at the time.[22] On 1 December 2007, Lee relinquished the Finance portfolio and Tharman became Minister for Finance.[23]

Ahead of the 2011 general election, Tharman became Second Assistant Secretary-General of the PAP and was put in charge of leading the PAP team contesting in Jurong GRC after Lim Boon Heng retired from politics. After the PAP team won with about 67% of the vote against the National Solidarity Party, Tharman was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in addition to his portfolio as Minister for Finance. He took up a third appointment as Minister for Manpower between 21 May 2011 and 31 July 2012, before stepping down as Minister for Finance in September 2015 after holding the portfolio for nine years.

During the 2015 general election, the PAP team in Jurong GRC led by Tharman won with 79.3% of the vote against the SingFirst team. After winning the election, Tharman continued to be Deputy Prime Minister and took up an additional appointment as Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies in October 2015.[1]

In May 2017, the National Trades Union Congress awarded Tharman the Medal of Honour, pointing out, among other things, "his deep commitment to building an inclusive society".[24]

On 1 May 2019, following a Cabinet reshuffle, Tharman and Teo Chee Hean relinquished their portfolios as Deputy Prime Ministers and became Senior Ministers after Heng Swee Keat was designated the new Deputy Prime Minister. Tharman was also appointed Coordinating Minister for Social Policies to advise the Prime Minister on social policies.[25]

Tharman and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launching APIX at the Singapore FinTech Festival in 2018.

International roles

Tharman was Chairman of the International Monetary and Financial Committee,[26] the key policy forum of the International Monetary Fund, from 2011 to 2015; he was also the first Asian to chair the committee. In announcing Tharman's selection, the International Monetary Fund said that his "broad experience, deep knowledge of economic and financial issues, and active engagement with global policy makers will be highly valuable to the IMFC".[26][27]

In April 2017, the G20 appointed Tharman to chair the G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance. In October 2018, the group proposed reforms[28] for a more effective system of global development finance and for financial stability. Tharman also succeeded Jean-Claude Trichet as the Chairman of the Group of Thirty on 1 January 2017.[29]

In May 2019, Tharman was admitted to the World Economic Forum's Board of Trustees.[30]

Tharman co-chaired the Advisory Board for the United Nations Human Development Report in 2019 and 2020 along with Thomas Piketty and Michael Spence respectively.

In January 2021, the G20 appointed Tharman, along with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Lawrence Summers, to co-chair the G20 High Level Independent Panel on financing the global commons for pandemic preparedness and response.[31]

Personal life

Tharman is an Indian Singaporean of Ceylonese Tamil ancestry.[32][33] One of three children, he is the son of Kanagaratnam Shanmugaratnam,[33] a medical scientist known as the "father of pathology in Singapore", who founded the Singapore Cancer Registry and led a number of international organisations related to cancer research and pathology.[34][35][36]

Tharman is married to Jane Yumiko Ittogi, a lawyer of Japanese-Chinese heritage.[37] She is actively engaged in social enterprise and the non-profit arts sector. The couple have one daughter and three sons.[37]

Tharman was an active sportsman in his youth, and has highlighted the way sports instils lessons for life. He spoke about sports as a form of education in Game for Life: 25 Journeys[38], published by the Singapore Sports Council in 2013, as "a huge deal for character. Children learn the value of teams. They learn the discipline of repeated practice, and how there is no other way to develop expertise. Plus, the ability to fall or lose in competition and pick oneself up... with humility."

References

  1. ^ a b Singapore, CNA. "PM Lee and Singapore's new Cabinet sworn in". CNA. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  2. ^ Wong, May (29 March 2008). "PM Lee unveils cabinet changes". Channel News Asia. Singapore. Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
  3. ^ https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/national-jobs-council-will-create-jobs-and-training-opportunities-on-an
  4. ^ "LSE announces its new Honorary Fellows". lse.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  5. ^ "New MAS chief is top-notch economist". Straits Times. Factiva. 21 February 2001.
  6. ^ a b Ching, Leong (29 October 2001). "Politics not new to former student activist". Straits Times. Factiva.
  7. ^ "Financial review panel formed". Straits Times. Factiva. 23 August 1997.
  8. ^ "Singapore Monetary Authority gets new managing director". Agence France-Presse. Factiva. 20 February 2001.
  9. ^ Richardson, Michael (22 October 1993). "Singapore Puts Top Prosecutor on News Leak". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  10. ^ e.g., Fernandez, Warren (29 April 1993). "Four to be tried jointly; 'no' to more information". Straits Times. Factiva., "Secret memo shows ISD didn't probe 'leak' of sectoral figures". Straits Times. Factiva. 29 October 1993.
  11. ^ Fernandez, Warren (5 December 1993). "No proof Shanmugaratnam passed secret info: Judge". Straits Times. Factiva.
  12. ^ "Singapore 'Secrets' Trial Downgraded". South China Morning Post. Factiva. 6 December 1993.
  13. ^ Sen, Ajoy (3 March 1994). "Singapore secrets trial hears testimony on security". Factiva. Reuters.
  14. ^ a b "Journalists, economists guilty after marathon trial". Agence France-Presse. Factiva. 31 March 1994.
  15. ^ "Our History". www.mas.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  16. ^ "Executive Profile: Tharman Shanmugaratnam". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  17. ^ Lam, Lydia (1 May 2017). "Jobs, jobs, jobs: 8 highlights from PM Lee Hsien Loong's May Day Rally". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  18. ^ Kang Shiong, Goh (25 April 2014). "Tharman to chair EDB's International Advisory Council". Business Times.
  19. ^ Ng, Jing Yng (27 June 2015). "Tertiary programme outcomes should be assessed, says panel". Today (newspaper). Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  20. ^ "Ten prominent Indians get two-year terms on Sinda board". Straits Times. Factiva. 14 August 1991.
  21. ^ gsi (11 September 2014). "Mr Tharman SHANMUGARATNAM". Prime Minister‘s Office Singapore. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  22. ^ The Government of Singapore (21 June 2006). "The Cabinet – Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam". Archived from the original on 18 March 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
  23. ^ Popatlal, Asha (29 November 2007). "PM Lee to relinquish Finance Minister post, Tharman takes over". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 30 November 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  24. ^ "NTUC news". Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  25. ^ "Heng Swee Keat to be promoted to DPM in Cabinet reshuffle". Channel NewsAsia. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  26. ^ a b "Press Release: IMFC Selects Tharman Shanmugaratnam as New Chairman". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Making the Global Financial System Work For All | G20 Eminent Persons Group(EPG) on Global Financial Governance". www.globalfinancialgovernance.org. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  29. ^ Yong, Charissa (1 December 2016). "Tharman to chair global financial experts' group". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  30. ^ "World Economic Forum appoints new member to Board of Trustees". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  31. ^ "The G20 establishes a High Level Independent Panel on financing the Global Pandemic Preparedness and Response". MEF. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  32. ^ "Mutton munchy". The Straits Times. 12 July 2015. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  33. ^ a b "Tamils in Federated Malaya and Singapore". Daily News. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  34. ^ "Aiyoh! After 16 years, he still can't say 'lah'". The New Paper. Courtesy of nuh.com.sg. 4 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  35. ^ "Interview with Emeritus Professor K Shanmugaratnam" (PDF). SMA News. 38 (5). May 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  36. ^ "Working Overtime". The Straits Times. Courtesy of nuh.com.sg. 1 May 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  37. ^ a b "Try discipline with love – Acting Education Minister Tharman: My kids, their Mandarin and their future in China". The New Paper. Singapore. 9 June 2004. Archived from the original on 22 January 2008. (The canes) are for his three sons, aged 10, 12 and 13 and an 8-year-old daughter; His lawyer-wife, Madam Jane Yumiko Ittogi, is of Japanese-Chinese parentage and can speak Teochew; Mr Tharman revealed that the Chinese translation of his name, Shang Da Man, was given by a language specialist in 1995.
  38. ^ "Game for Life: 25 Journeys" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tharman Shanmugaratnam.
Parliament of Singapore
New constituency Member of the Singaporean Parliament
for Taman Jurong's Jurong Group Representation Constituency
2001–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Education
2003–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Finance
2007–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
2011–2019
Served alongside: Teo Chee Hean
Preceded by Minister for Manpower
2011–2012 		Succeeded by
New office Coordinating Minister for Social Policies
Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies: 2015–2019
2015–present 		Incumbent
Vacant
Title last held by
S. Jayakumar
Goh Chok Tong
2011 		Senior Minister of Singapore
2019–present
Served alongside: Teo Chee Hean
Government offices
Preceded by Chair of the Monetary Authority of Singapore
2011–present 		Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tharman_Shanmugaratnam&oldid=1053009009"