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Examples
Charlie from Charles Chuck from Charles darling from dear duckling from duck cygnet from swan ringlet from ring

A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment.^[1]^[2] A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. In many languages, such forms can be translated as "little" and diminutives can also be formed as multi-word constructions such as "Tiny Tim". Diminutives are often employed as nicknames and pet names when speaking to small children and when expressing extreme tenderness and intimacy to an adult. The opposite of the diminutive form is the augmentative. Beyond the diminutive form of a single word, a diminutive can be a multi-word name, such as "Tiny Tim" or "Little Dorrit".

In many languages, formation of diminutives by adding suffixes is a productive part of the language.^[1] For example, in Spanish gordo can be a nickname for someone who is overweight, and by adding an ito suffix, it becomes gordito which is more affectionate. A double diminutive (example in Polish: dzwon → dzwonek → dzwoneczek; example in Italian: casa → casetta → casettina) is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one. While many languages apply a grammatical diminutive to nouns, a few – including Slovak, Dutch, Spanish, Latin, Polish, Bulgarian, Czech, Russian and Estonian – also use it for adjectives (in Polish: słodki → słodziutki → słodziuteńki) and even other parts of speech (Ukrainian спати → спатки → спатоньки — to sleep or Slovak spať → spinkať — to sleep, bežať → bežkať — to run). In English the alteration of meaning is often conveyed through clipping, making the words shorter and more colloquial. Diminutives formed by adding affixes in other languages are often longer and (as colloquial) not necessarily understood.

Diminutives in isolating languages may grammaticalize strategies other than suffixes or prefixes. In Mandarin Chinese, for example, other than the nominal prefix 小 xiǎo and nominal suffixes 儿/兒 -r and 子 -zi, reduplication is a productive strategy, e.g., 舅 → 舅舅 and 看 → 看看.^[3] In formal Mandarin usage, the use of diminutives is relatively infrequent, as they tend to be considered to be rather colloquial than formal. Some Wu Chinese dialects use a tonal affix for nominal diminutives; that is, diminutives are formed by changing the tone of the word.

In some contexts, diminutives are also employed in a pejorative sense to denote that someone or something is weak or childish. For example, one of the last Western Roman emperors was Romulus Augustus, but his name was diminuted to "Romulus Augustulus" to express his powerlessness.

References

^ ^a ^b "Glossary - D to F". The Standards Site. Department for Children, Schools and Families, The Crown. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27.
^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 6th edition
^ "Diminutives and reduplicatives in Chinese". Language Log. Retrieved 2018-02-22.

[UKgov-1] "Glossary - D to F". The Standards Site. Department for Children, Schools and Families, The Crown. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27.

[2] Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 6th edition

[3] "Diminutives and reduplicatives in Chinese". Language Log. Retrieved 2018-02-22.

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 {{Wiktionary|diminutive}}
+A '''diminutive''' is a [[root word]] that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment.<ref name=UKgov/><ref>Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 6th edition</ref> A {{nowrap|'''diminutive form'''}} ([[list of glossing abbreviations|abbreviated]] {{smallcaps all|'''dim'''}}) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. In many languages, such forms can be translated as "little" and diminutives can also be formed as multi-word constructions such as "[[Tiny Tim (disambiguation)|Tiny Tim]]". Diminutives are often employed as [[nicknames]] and [[pet name]]s when speaking to small children and when expressing extreme tenderness and intimacy to an adult. The opposite of the diminutive form is the [[augmentative]]. Beyond the ''diminutive form'' of a single word, a ''diminutive'' can be a multi-word name, such as "Tiny Tim" or "Little Dorrit".
-A '''diminutive''' is a [[root word]] that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, to convey the smallness of the object or quality onger and (as colloquial) not necessarily understood.
+In many languages, formation of diminutives by adding [[suffix]]es is a [[productivity (linguistics)|productive]] part of the language.<ref name="UKgov">{{cite web |website=The Standards Site |title=Glossary - D to F |date=2008 |publisher=Department for Children, Schools and Families, [[The Crown]] |url=http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/secondary/keystage3/respub/mflframework/appendices/glossary_of_terms/d_to_f/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227150101/http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/secondary/keystage3/respub/mflframework/appendices/glossary_of_terms/d_to_f/ |archive-date=2008-12-27 }}</ref> For example, in Spanish {{lang|es|gordo}} can be a nickname for someone who is overweight, and by adding an {{lang|es|ito}} suffix, it becomes {{lang|es|gordito}} which is more affectionate.  A {{nowrap|'''double diminutive'''}} (example in Polish: {{lang|pl|dzwon}} → {{lang|pl|dzwonek}} → {{lang|pl|dzwoneczek}}; example in Italian: {{lang|it|casa}} → {{lang|it|casetta}} → {{lang|it|casettina}}) is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one. While many languages apply a grammatical diminutive to [[noun]]s, a few – including Slovak, [[list of diminutives by language#Dutch|Dutch]], [[list of diminutives by language#Spanish|Spanish]], [[list of diminutives by language#Latin|Latin]], [[list of diminutives by language#Polish|Polish]], [[list of diminutives by language#Bulgarian|Bulgarian]], [[list of diminutives by language#Czech|Czech]], [[list of diminutives by language#Russian|Russian]] and [[list of diminutives by language#Estonian|Estonian]] – also use it for [[adjective]]s (in Polish: {{lang|pl|słodki}} → {{lang|pl|słodziutki}} → {{lang|pl|słodziuteńki}}) and even other [[lexical category|parts of speech]] (Ukrainian {{lang|uk|спати}} → {{lang|uk|спатки}} → {{lang|uk|спатоньки}} — to sleep or Slovak {{lang|sk|spať}} → {{lang|sk|spinkať}} — to sleep, {{lang|sk|bežať}} → {{lang|sk|bežkať}} — to run). In English the alteration of meaning is often conveyed through [[clipping (morphology)|clipping]], making the words shorter and more [[colloquial]]. Diminutives formed by adding [[affix]]es in other languages are often longer and (as colloquial) not necessarily understood.
-Diminutives i[[isolating language|language]]s may [[grammaticalization|grammaticalize]] strategies other than suffixes or prefixes. In [[Mandarin Chinese]], for example, other than
+Diminutives in [[isolating language]]s may [[grammaticalization|grammaticalize]] strategies other than suffixes or prefixes. In [[Mandarin Chinese]], for example, other than the nominal prefix 小 ''xiǎo'' and nominal suffixes 儿/兒 ''-r'' and 子 ''-zi'', [[reduplication]] is a [[productive (linguistics)|productive]] strategy, e.g., {{lang|zh|舅}} → {{lang|zh|舅舅}} and {{lang|zh|看}} → {{lang|zh|看看}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=23204 |title=Diminutives and reduplicatives in Chinese |website=Language Log |access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref> In formal [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] usage, the use of diminutives is relatively infrequent, as they tend to be considered to be rather colloquial than formal. Some [[Wu Chinese]] dialects use a tonal affix for nominal diminutives; that is, diminutives are formed by changing the tone of the word.
+In some contexts, diminutives are also employed in a [[pejorative]] sense to denote that someone or something is weak or childish. For example, one of the last [[Western Roman]] emperors was [[Romulus Augustus]], but his name was diminuted to "Romulus Augustulus" to express his powerlessness.
+==See also==
 *[[Affect (linguistics)]]
 *[[Augmentative]]