Domitia Lepida: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Mother of Roman empress Messalina (5 BC–AD 54)}} |
{{short description|Mother of Roman empress Messalina (5 BC–AD 54)}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = |
| name = Domitia Lepida |
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| image = Mort de Messaline --- MBALyon 2018 01.jpg |
| image = Mort de Messaline --- MBALyon 2018 01.jpg |
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| caption = Domitia Lepida depicted trying to shield her daughter Messalina |
| caption = Domitia Lepida depicted trying to shield her daughter Messalina |
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| spouse = [[Marcus Valerius |
| spouse = [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus]]<br>[[Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus]]<br>[[Appius Junius Silanus]] |
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| partner = |
| partner = |
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| children = [[Messalina]]<br>[[Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix]]<br> |
| children = [[Messalina]]<br>[[Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix]]<br>Marcus Junius Silanus<ref>Ginsburg, "Nero's Consular Policy", ''American Journal of Ancient History'' 6 (1981), p. 52</ref> |
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| mother = [[Antonia Major]] |
| mother = [[Antonia Major]] |
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| father = [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC)|Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus]] |
| father = [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC)|Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus]] |
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{{Julio-Claudian dynasty}} |
{{Julio-Claudian dynasty}} |
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'''Domitia Lepida''' (c. 5 BC – AD 54) was |
'''Domitia Lepida''' (c. 5 BC – AD 54) was a Roman aristocrat, related to the imperial family. She was mother of [[Valeria Messalina]], wife of the Emperor [[Claudius]]. Lepida was a beautiful and influential figure.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals'', 12.64.</ref> Like her sister, she was also very wealthy. She had holdings in [[Calabria]] and owned the ''praedia Lepidiana''.<ref>Raepsaet-Charlier M.-Th., ''Prosopographie des femmes de l'ordre sénatorial (Ier-IIe siècles),'' 2 vol., Louvain, 1987, 285 ff [286].</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Lepida was married three times. Her first husband was her cousin, [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus]].<ref>{{Aut|E. Klebs, H. Dessau, P. Von Rohden}} (ed.), ''Prosopographia Imperii Romani'', 3 vol., Berlin, 1897-1898. ('''''PIR<sup>1</sup>''''') V 88.</ref><ref>Suetonius, ''Vita Claudii'', 26.29.</ref> Lepida married Barbatus probably around AD 15, suggesting that she was born in approximately 4 BC. It was standard for princesses in the imperial family to marry before their 18th birthday.<ref>Barrett, Anthony A., ''Agrippina: Sex, Power and Politics in the Early Roman Empire.'' Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996; p. 287 n. 154. See also Gaius Stern, "Women, Children, and Senators on the Ara Pacis Augustae, Chapter 6 (Berk. Diss. 2006).</ref> They had a daughter, Valeria [[Messalina]] (c. AD 17/20-48), who became Empress and third wife to the Emperor Claudius. Barbatus most likely died around AD 20 or 21, shortly after Messalina was born. It is extremely unlikely that [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (consul 58)|Marcus Valerius |
Lepida was married three times. Her first husband was her cousin, [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus]].<ref>{{Aut|E. Klebs, H. Dessau, P. Von Rohden}} (ed.), ''Prosopographia Imperii Romani'', 3 vol., Berlin, 1897-1898. ('''''PIR<sup>1</sup>''''') V 88.</ref><ref>Suetonius, ''Vita Claudii'', 26.29.</ref> Lepida married Barbatus probably around AD 15, suggesting that she was born in approximately 4 BC. It was standard for princesses in the imperial family to marry before their 18th birthday.<ref>Barrett, Anthony A., ''Agrippina: Sex, Power and Politics in the Early Roman Empire.'' Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996; p. 287 n. 154. See also Gaius Stern, "Women, Children, and Senators on the Ara Pacis Augustae, Chapter 6 (Berk. Diss. 2006).</ref> They had a daughter, Valeria [[Messalina]] (c. AD 17/20-48), who became Empress and third wife to the Emperor Claudius. Barbatus most likely died around AD 20 or 21, shortly after Messalina was born. It is extremely unlikely that [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (consul 58)|Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus]] was their son, since Lepida's son by her second husband reached the consulship earlier than Messalla. Lepida's second husband was [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus]],<ref>''PIR<sup>2</sup>'' C 1459.</ref> ''[[Roman consul#Consul suffectus|consul suffectus]]'' in AD 31, a descendant of the dictator Lucius Cornelius [[Sulla]]. Their son, [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix]] was born c. AD 22 and married [[Claudia Antonia]], the daughter of Claudius through his second marriage to [[Aelia Paetina]].<ref>''PIR<sup>2</sup>'' C 1464.</ref><ref>Dio 60.30.6a.</ref> Faustus Cornelius Sulla died in 62. |
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At the beginning of the reign of her son-in-law, Claudius, Lepida, now a widow, married [[Appius Junius Silanus]], (cos. AD 28). In the following year (AD 42), Silanus was put to death by Claudius, allegedly because he had plotted to assassinate Claudius, but the rumor circulated that Messalina had framed him after he resisted her advances. |
At the beginning of the reign of her son-in-law, Claudius, Lepida, now a widow, married [[Appius Junius Silanus]], (cos. AD 28). In the following year (AD 42), Silanus was put to death by Claudius, allegedly because he had plotted to assassinate Claudius, but the rumor circulated that Messalina had framed him after he resisted her advances. |
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[[Category:54 deaths]] |
[[Category:54 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Julio-Claudian dynasty]] |
[[Category:Julio-Claudian dynasty]] |
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[[Category:Domitii Ahenobarbi]] |
[[Category:Domitii Ahenobarbi|Lepida]] |
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[[Category:1st-century BC Roman women]] |
[[Category:1st-century BC Roman women]] |
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[[Category:1st-century Roman women]] |
[[Category:1st-century Roman women]] |
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Revision as of 16:02, 17 November 2021
Domitia Lepida | |
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 Domitia Lepida depicted trying to shield her daughter Messalina | |
| Spouse(s) | Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus Appius Junius Silanus |
| Children | Messalina Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix Marcus Junius Silanus[1] |
| Parents |
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| Roman imperial dynasties | ||
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| Julio-Claudian dynasty | ||
| Chronology | ||
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27 BC – AD 14 |
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AD 14–37 |
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AD 37–41 |
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AD 41–54 |
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AD 54–68 |
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Domitia Lepida (c. 5 BC – AD 54) was a Roman aristocrat, related to the imperial family. She was mother of Valeria Messalina, wife of the Emperor Claudius. Lepida was a beautiful and influential figure.[2] Like her sister, she was also very wealthy. She had holdings in Calabria and owned the praedia Lepidiana.[3]
Biography
Lepida was married three times. Her first husband was her cousin, Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus.[4][5] Lepida married Barbatus probably around AD 15, suggesting that she was born in approximately 4 BC. It was standard for princesses in the imperial family to marry before their 18th birthday.[6] They had a daughter, Valeria Messalina (c. AD 17/20-48), who became Empress and third wife to the Emperor Claudius. Barbatus most likely died around AD 20 or 21, shortly after Messalina was born. It is extremely unlikely that Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus was their son, since Lepida's son by her second husband reached the consulship earlier than Messalla. Lepida's second husband was Faustus Cornelius Sulla Lucullus,[7] consul suffectus in AD 31, a descendant of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Their son, Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix was born c. AD 22 and married Claudia Antonia, the daughter of Claudius through his second marriage to Aelia Paetina.[8][9] Faustus Cornelius Sulla died in 62.
At the beginning of the reign of her son-in-law, Claudius, Lepida, now a widow, married Appius Junius Silanus, (cos. AD 28). In the following year (AD 42), Silanus was put to death by Claudius, allegedly because he had plotted to assassinate Claudius, but the rumor circulated that Messalina had framed him after he resisted her advances.
Lepida was the maternal grandmother to Messalina's children Claudia Octavia (step-sister and first wife of Nero) and Britannicus. In AD 48, Messalina was executed on the orders of Claudius, due to Messalina's mock marriage with her lover Gaius Silius which swiftly evolved into a failed coup d'état. During Messalina's heyday, Lepida argued with Messalina and they became estranged (this likely followed Appius Silanus' execution). In Messalina's last hour in the Gardens of Lucullus, Lepida was at her side and encouraged her to end her own life.[10] After Messalina was stabbed with a dagger by an officer, her body was given up to Lepida.
Lepida's former sister-in-law, Agrippina the Younger, became Claudius' new wife in AD 49. Out of jealousy, Agrippina arranged the execution of Lepida sometime before the poisoning of Claudius, after which Nero became the new emperor. Agrippina charged Lepida with attempting to take her life by magic, disturbing Roman peace, and failing to control her Calabrian slave-gangs. Agrippina thought that Lepida would use her 'kind' influence on Nero to turn him against his mother.
Cultural depictions
She was played by Moira Redmond in the 1976 BBC TV series I, Claudius.
See also
References
Citations
- ^ Ginsburg, "Nero's Consular Policy", American Journal of Ancient History 6 (1981), p. 52
- ^ Tacitus, Annals, 12.64.
- ^ Raepsaet-Charlier M.-Th., Prosopographie des femmes de l'ordre sénatorial (Ier-IIe siècles), 2 vol., Louvain, 1987, 285 ff [286].
- ^ E. Klebs, H. Dessau, P. Von Rohden (ed.), Prosopographia Imperii Romani, 3 vol., Berlin, 1897-1898. (PIR1) V 88.
- ^ Suetonius, Vita Claudii, 26.29.
- ^ Barrett, Anthony A., Agrippina: Sex, Power and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996; p. 287 n. 154. See also Gaius Stern, "Women, Children, and Senators on the Ara Pacis Augustae, Chapter 6 (Berk. Diss. 2006).
- ^ PIR2 C 1459.
- ^ PIR2 C 1464.
- ^ Dio 60.30.6a.
- ^ Tacitus, Annals 11.37.
Bibliography
- Levick, Barbara, Claudius. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990