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From 2000 onwards, 2-step as a genre experienced a decline in popularity,<ref name="PMG">{{cite book |title=Popular Music Genres: An Introduction |year=2004 |isbn=0-7486-1745-0 |author=Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy. |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> but the more experimental releases in the genre from artists such as [[Horsepower Productions]], [[Zed Bias]], [[Wookie (musician)|Wookie]] and Steve Gurley<ref name="wire279">{{cite journal |url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/current/index.php |journal=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |issue=279 |title=The Primer: Dubstep |access-date=18 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006115701/http://www.thewire.co.uk/current/index.php |archive-date=6 October 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Hyperdub1">{{cite web | author= Eshun, Kodwo | title= Wookie: Civilization and its Discos - Part 1 | work= [[Hyperdub]] 2Step Garage archive (2000–2005) | url= http://www.hyperdub.com | orig-year= 2000 | date= 3 January 2007 | access-date= 19 October 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081004042510/http://www.hyperdub.com/ | archive-date= 4 October 2008 | url-status= live }}<br />''An archived copy of this article may be found [http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=109&Itemid=37 here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210060527/http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=109&Itemid=37 |date=10 February 2009 }}</ref> stripped away much of the [[contemporary R&B|R&B]] influence of the genre. This style took on a number of names including "dark 2-step", "new dark swing",<ref name="Clark1">{{cite web | author= Clark, Martin | title= The Month In: Grime/Dubstep | work= [[Pitchfork Media]] | url= http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6308-the-month-in-grime-dubstep/ | date= 12 April 2006 | access-date= 11 December 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090319010746/http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6308-the-month-in-grime-dubstep/ | archive-date= 19 March 2009 | url-status= live }}</ref> and the more general term, "dark garage". This style became a major influence on later styles of UK garage influenced music, such as [[grime (music)|grime]], as well as becoming a direct precursor to [[dubstep]], which took the emphasis on bass and the instrumental nature of later 2-step compositions to their logical conclusion.<ref name="wire279" /><ref name="Clark3">{{cite web | author= Clark, Martin | title= The Month In: Grime/Dubstep | work= [[Pitchfork Media]] | url= http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6664-grime-dubstep/ | date= 8 August 2007 | access-date= 16 October 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090318161740/http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6664-grime-dubstep/ | archive-date= 18 March 2009 | url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="teleg">{{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=14 October 2006 |last=de Wilde |first=Gervase |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/10/14/bmdubstep14.xml |title=Put a bit of dub in your step: a new form of dance music from Croydon is ready to conquer the world |access-date=18 October 2008 <!--DASHBot--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315223224/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2006%2F10%2F14%2Fbmdubstep14.xml |archive-date=15 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="plasticman">{{cite web |title=Interview: Plasticman |work=Riddim.ca |url=http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=39 |author=Pearsall |date=18 June 2005 |access-date=18 October 2008 <!--DASHBot--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108044536/http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=39 |archive-date=8 January 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006, this latter, more experimental style experienced a resurgence in interest, due to the release of the ''Roots of Dubstep'' compilation on [[Tempa]], and producers wishing to revisit the roots of the dubstep sound.<ref name="Clark2" /> |
From 2000 onwards, 2-step as a genre experienced a decline in popularity,<ref name="PMG">{{cite book |title=Popular Music Genres: An Introduction |year=2004 |isbn=0-7486-1745-0 |author=Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy. |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> but the more experimental releases in the genre from artists such as [[Horsepower Productions]], [[Zed Bias]], [[Wookie (musician)|Wookie]] and Steve Gurley<ref name="wire279">{{cite journal |url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/current/index.php |journal=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |issue=279 |title=The Primer: Dubstep |access-date=18 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006115701/http://www.thewire.co.uk/current/index.php |archive-date=6 October 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Hyperdub1">{{cite web | author= Eshun, Kodwo | title= Wookie: Civilization and its Discos - Part 1 | work= [[Hyperdub]] 2Step Garage archive (2000–2005) | url= http://www.hyperdub.com | orig-year= 2000 | date= 3 January 2007 | access-date= 19 October 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081004042510/http://www.hyperdub.com/ | archive-date= 4 October 2008 | url-status= live }}<br />''An archived copy of this article may be found [http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=109&Itemid=37 here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210060527/http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=109&Itemid=37 |date=10 February 2009 }}</ref> stripped away much of the [[contemporary R&B|R&B]] influence of the genre. This style took on a number of names including "dark 2-step", "new dark swing",<ref name="Clark1">{{cite web | author= Clark, Martin | title= The Month In: Grime/Dubstep | work= [[Pitchfork Media]] | url= http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6308-the-month-in-grime-dubstep/ | date= 12 April 2006 | access-date= 11 December 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090319010746/http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6308-the-month-in-grime-dubstep/ | archive-date= 19 March 2009 | url-status= live }}</ref> and the more general term, "dark garage". This style became a major influence on later styles of UK garage influenced music, such as [[grime (music)|grime]], as well as becoming a direct precursor to [[dubstep]], which took the emphasis on bass and the instrumental nature of later 2-step compositions to their logical conclusion.<ref name="wire279" /><ref name="Clark3">{{cite web | author= Clark, Martin | title= The Month In: Grime/Dubstep | work= [[Pitchfork Media]] | url= http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6664-grime-dubstep/ | date= 8 August 2007 | access-date= 16 October 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090318161740/http://pitchfork.com/features/grime-dubstep/6664-grime-dubstep/ | archive-date= 18 March 2009 | url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="teleg">{{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=14 October 2006 |last=de Wilde |first=Gervase |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/10/14/bmdubstep14.xml |title=Put a bit of dub in your step: a new form of dance music from Croydon is ready to conquer the world |access-date=18 October 2008 <!--DASHBot--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315223224/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2006%2F10%2F14%2Fbmdubstep14.xml |archive-date=15 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="plasticman">{{cite web |title=Interview: Plasticman |work=Riddim.ca |url=http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=39 |author=Pearsall |date=18 June 2005 |access-date=18 October 2008 <!--DASHBot--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108044536/http://www.riddim.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=39 |archive-date=8 January 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006, this latter, more experimental style experienced a resurgence in interest, due to the release of the ''Roots of Dubstep'' compilation on [[Tempa]], and producers wishing to revisit the roots of the dubstep sound.<ref name="Clark2" /> |
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Canadian singer [[The Weeknd]]'s 2016 song "[[Rockin' (song)|Rockin']]" makes use of 2-step sounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2016/nov/30/album-review-weeknd-sonic-space-starboy/|title=Album review: The Weeknd explores sonic space on 'Starboy'|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925065129/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2016/nov/30/album-review-weeknd-sonic-space-starboy/|archive-date=25 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
Canadian singer [[The Weeknd]]'s 2016 song "[[Rockin' (song)|Rockin']]" makes use of 2-step sounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2016/nov/30/album-review-weeknd-sonic-space-starboy/|title=Album review: The Weeknd explores sonic space on 'Starboy'|date=30 November 2016|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925065129/https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/music/2016/nov/30/album-review-weeknd-sonic-space-starboy/|archive-date=25 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 13:36, 1 December 2021
| 2-step garage | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Mid-1990s, London, England |
| Typical instruments | |
| Derivative forms | |
| Fusion genres | |
| Techstep | |
2-step garage, or simply 2-step, is a genre of electronic music and a subgenre of UK garage.[1] One of the primary characteristics of the 2-step sound – the term being coined to describe "a general rubric for all kinds of jittery, irregular rhythms that don't conform to garage's traditional four-on-the-floor pulse"[1] – is that the rhythm lacks the kick drum pattern found in many other styles of electronic music with a regular four-on-the-floor beat.[citation needed]
Characteristics
A typical 2-step drum pattern features syncopated kick drums that skips a beat, with shuffled rhythm or the use of triplets applied to other elements of the percussion, that in particular, results in a sound distinctly different than those present in other house or techno music. Although two kicks to a bar are perceived as having less energy than the four on the floor pattern, the listener's interest is maintained with off-beat snare placements with accents in the drumlines, scattered rimshots in addition to woodblocks, syncopated basslines, and the percussive use of other instruments such as pads or strings.[citation needed]
Instrumentation usually includes keyboards, synthesizers, and drum machines. Other instruments are added to expand the musical palette, like acoustic recordings, which is likely sampled.[citation needed] The primarily synth basslines used in 2-step are similar to those in the style's progenitors such as UK garage, drum and bass, and jungle. In the other hand, influences from funk and soul can also be heard. Vocals in 2-step garage are usually female, and similar to the style prevalent in house music or contemporary R&B.[2][3] Some 2-step producers also process and cut up elements of a cappella vocals and use it as an element of the track. Much like other genres derived from UK garage, MCs are often featured, particularly in a live context, with a vocal style reminiscent of old school jungle.[1]
Influences from hip hop[2] and drum and bass, particularly the techstep[1] subgenre have also been noted by critics. The fact that the scene had a significantly different atmosphere to those that surrounded precursors with less aggression at live events was also noted by some critics.[citation needed]
History
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2008) |
Early years
2-step rose to prominence[when?] as a genre on jungle and garage-based pirate radio stations in London as an evolution of, and perhaps reaction to developments in contemporary genres such as speed garage, with early 2-step shows often airing at "mellow moments in the weekend" such as Saturday morning or Sunday afternoon. DJs would mix UK garage productions with those of American house and US garage producers such as Masters at Work and Todd Edwards, pitching up the imports to around 130bpm to aid beatmatching. DJs favoured the instrumental (or 'dub') versions of these tracks, because it was possible to play these versions faster without the vocal element of the track sounding odd. Soon, UK producers began to emulate the sound of these pitched-up, imported records in their own tracks.[1]
Growing popularity
As the popularity of the sound spread, nights dedicated to it began to crop up, especially in London and Southampton. Label owner and dubstep musician Steve Goodman commented on the Hyperdub website on the debut of Forward>>, a highly influential nightclub in 2-step and later derivatives of the "UK hardcore continuum" – a phrase coined by Goodman to sum up the constant evolution in the hardcore/jungle/garage sound,[4] and later adopted by other writers documenting the scene, such as Martin Clark.[5] Arguably one of the earliest examples of a 2-step track is the 1997 Kelly G remix of "Never Gonna Let You Go" by Tina Moore, which was a No. 7 hit on the UK Singles Chart. Other notable 2-step hits released in 1997 include "Destiny" by Dem 2 and "The Theme" by the Dreem Teem.
1999–2000: Mainstream success
In 1999 and 2000, 2-step reached the peak of the genre's commercial success. Some critics noted that party organizers favoured 2-step events over nights themed around jungle, drum and bass or other musical precursors because the 2-step nights invited a larger female attendance, and a less aggressive crowd.[citation needed] Much like drum and bass before it, 2-step started to garner crossover appeal, with a collaboration between 2-step producers Artful Dodger and R&B vocalist Craig David reaching #2 in the UK Singles Chart in late 1999 with the song "Re-Rewind".
2000–present: Decline
From 2000 onwards, 2-step as a genre experienced a decline in popularity,[6] but the more experimental releases in the genre from artists such as Horsepower Productions, Zed Bias, Wookie and Steve Gurley[7][8] stripped away much of the R&B influence of the genre. This style took on a number of names including "dark 2-step", "new dark swing",[9] and the more general term, "dark garage". This style became a major influence on later styles of UK garage influenced music, such as grime, as well as becoming a direct precursor to dubstep, which took the emphasis on bass and the instrumental nature of later 2-step compositions to their logical conclusion.[7][10][11][12] In 2006, this latter, more experimental style experienced a resurgence in interest, due to the release of the Roots of Dubstep compilation on Tempa, and producers wishing to revisit the roots of the dubstep sound.[5]
Canadian singer The Weeknd's 2016 song "Rockin'" makes use of 2-step sounds.[13]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Reynolds, Simon. "Adult hardcore". The Wire (182). Archived from the original on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
A transcription of this article is available here Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine as a PDF file. - ^ a b Tony Verderosa ; edited by Rick Mattingly. (2002). The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-634-01788-8.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Graham St. John, ed. (2004). Rave Culture and Religion. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-31449-6.
- ^ Goodman, Steve (3 January 2007) [2000]. "Hardcore Garage: We bring you the future, the future." Hyperdub 2Step Garage archive (2000–2005). Archived from the original on 3 November 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
An archived copy of this article may be found here Archived 11 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine - ^ a b Clark, Martin (23 August 2006). "The Month In: Grime/Dubstep". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
- ^ Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy. (2004). Popular Music Genres: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1745-0.
- ^ a b "The Primer: Dubstep". The Wire (279). Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ Eshun, Kodwo (3 January 2007) [2000]. "Wookie: Civilization and its Discos - Part 1". Hyperdub 2Step Garage archive (2000–2005). Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
An archived copy of this article may be found here Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Clark, Martin (12 April 2006). "The Month In: Grime/Dubstep". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
- ^ Clark, Martin (8 August 2007). "The Month In: Grime/Dubstep". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ de Wilde, Gervase (14 October 2006). "Put a bit of dub in your step: a new form of dance music from Croydon is ready to conquer the world". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ Pearsall (18 June 2005). "Interview: Plasticman". Riddim.ca. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ "Album review: The Weeknd explores sonic space on 'Starboy'". 30 November 2016. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.