MAL Hungarian Aluminium: Difference between revisions
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[[File:MAL Hungarian Aluminium 1.JPG|thumb|right|300px]] |
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'''MAL Hungarian Aluminium''' ({{lang-hu|MAL Magyar Alumínium Termelő és Kereskedelmi Zrt.}}) was a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] company that was specializing in the production of [[aluminium]] and related products. It was established in 1995 |
'''MAL Hungarian Aluminium''' ({{lang-hu|MAL Magyar Alumínium Termelő és Kereskedelmi Zrt.}}) was a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] company that was specializing in the production of [[aluminium]] and related products. It was established in 1995 during the [[privatization]] of the Hungarian aluminium industry. |
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MAL's initial assets were the [[Bakony]] [[bauxite]] mine, an [[alumina]] factory in [[Ajka]] and an aluminium smelter in Inota (municipality of [[Várpalota]]), all of them in [[Veszprém County]] northwestern Hungary.<ref name="Hist">{{citation | title = History | url = http://english.mal.hu/engine.aspx?page=bemutatkozunk | publisher = MAL Hungarian Aluminium | accessdate = 9 October 2010}}.</ref> The company set up subsidiaries in [[Germany]] and [[Romania]], and acquired majority holdings in the SILKEM, producing [[zeolite]]s and ground alumina in [[Kidričevo]], [[Slovenia]], and Rudnici Boksita Jajce, which operates a high-grade bauxite mine near [[Jajce]], central [[Bosnia]].<ref name="Hist"/> The smelting facilities at Inota were converted into a recycling operation in 2006, and sold off as INOTAL Aluminium Processing Zrt. in 2007.<ref name="Hist"/> |
MAL's initial assets were the [[Bakony]] [[bauxite]] mine, an [[alumina]] factory in [[Ajka]] and an aluminium smelter in Inota (municipality of [[Várpalota]]), all of them in [[Veszprém County]] northwestern Hungary.<ref name="Hist">{{citation | title = History | url = http://english.mal.hu/engine.aspx?page=bemutatkozunk | publisher = MAL Hungarian Aluminium | accessdate = 9 October 2010}}.</ref> The company set up subsidiaries in [[Germany]] and [[Romania]], and acquired majority holdings in the SILKEM, producing [[zeolite]]s and ground alumina in [[Kidričevo]], [[Slovenia]], and Rudnici Boksita Jajce, which operates a high-grade bauxite mine near [[Jajce]], central [[Bosnia]].<ref name="Hist"/> The smelting facilities at Inota were converted into a recycling operation in 2006, and sold off as INOTAL Aluminium Processing Zrt. in 2007.<ref name="Hist"/> |
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On 13 October 2010, the government [[Nationalization|nationalized]] the company, the bill making this possible having been passed by the Parliament one day earlier.<ref>[http://www.actmedia.eu/2010/10/13/top+story/company+producing+catastrophe+nationalized+in+hungary+%09/30037 Company producing catastrophe nationalized in Hungary], actmeadia</ref> |
On 13 October 2010, the government [[Nationalization|nationalized]] the company, the bill making this possible having been passed by the Parliament one day earlier.<ref>[http://www.actmedia.eu/2010/10/13/top+story/company+producing+catastrophe+nationalized+in+hungary+%09/30037 Company producing catastrophe nationalized in Hungary], actmeadia</ref> |
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In 2013 the company went under liquidation. The production facilities were all sold to IC Profil Ltd., so no production |
In 2013 the company went under liquidation. The production facilities were all sold to IC Profil Ltd. in 2015, so no production was undertaken by the company after that time. However, the company still owned the sludge storage facility (not in active use anymore due to the recent change in technology), and various buildings in its Ajka site. The company has completed the liquidation process in the late 2010s (exact year unknown), and in 2020 most of the activities of the successor companies moved from the Ajka site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ajkaiszo.hu/napokon-belul-a-mal-zrt-is-a-multe-lesz/|title = Napokon belül a Mal ZRT. Is a múlté lesz|date = July 2020}}</ref> |
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As of October 2021, the website of MAL is shut down. |
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The company has completed the liquidation process in the late 2010s (exact year unknown), and has now finished all activities on its main site in Ajka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ajkaiszo.hu/napokon-belul-a-mal-zrt-is-a-multe-lesz/|title = Napokon belül a Mal ZRT. Is a múlté lesz|date = July 2020}}</ref> Some activities will still be carried out under the same management but under a different corporate (and brand) name, and possibly at a different site. As of August 2021, Silkem Hungary carries on with producing a subset of the earlier products (specialty alumina and hydrates), and its website still lists the previous Ajka site as the production site. As of October 2021, the website of MAL is now shut down. |
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As of December 2021, Silkem Hungary produces a subset of the earlier MAL products (specialty alumina and hydrates), and its website still lists the Ajka site as the production site. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Ajka alumina plant accident]] |
*[[Ajka alumina plant accident]] |
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Revision as of 02:20, 10 December 2021
MAL Hungarian Aluminium (Template:Lang-hu) was a Hungarian company that was specializing in the production of aluminium and related products. It was established in 1995 during the privatization of the Hungarian aluminium industry.
MAL's initial assets were the Bakony bauxite mine, an alumina factory in Ajka and an aluminium smelter in Inota (municipality of Várpalota), all of them in Veszprém County northwestern Hungary.[1] The company set up subsidiaries in Germany and Romania, and acquired majority holdings in the SILKEM, producing zeolites and ground alumina in Kidričevo, Slovenia, and Rudnici Boksita Jajce, which operates a high-grade bauxite mine near Jajce, central Bosnia.[1] The smelting facilities at Inota were converted into a recycling operation in 2006, and sold off as INOTAL Aluminium Processing Zrt. in 2007.[1]
On 4 October 2010, a retaining dam failed on one of the red mud ponds at the company's Ajka alumina factory, spilling 600,000–700,000 cubic metres of highly alkaline and corrosive (caustic) red mud arising as a residual product from the treatment of bauxite with sodium hydroxide. At least ten people died, and about 150 people were injured, in the nearby settlements of Kolontár and Devecser.[2][3]
On 13 October 2010, the government nationalized the company, the bill making this possible having been passed by the Parliament one day earlier.[4]
In 2013 the company went under liquidation. The production facilities were all sold to IC Profil Ltd. in 2015, so no production was undertaken by the company after that time. However, the company still owned the sludge storage facility (not in active use anymore due to the recent change in technology), and various buildings in its Ajka site. The company has completed the liquidation process in the late 2010s (exact year unknown), and in 2020 most of the activities of the successor companies moved from the Ajka site.[5] As of October 2021, the website of MAL is shut down.
As of December 2021, Silkem Hungary produces a subset of the earlier MAL products (specialty alumina and hydrates), and its website still lists the Ajka site as the production site.
See also
References
- ^ a b c History, MAL Hungarian Aluminium, retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ "Toxic sludge fails to damage Danube", The Guardian, 8 October 2010.
- ^ Hungary fears second toxic wave, BBC News, 9 October 2010.
- ^ Company producing catastrophe nationalized in Hungary, actmeadia
- ^ "Napokon belül a Mal ZRT. Is a múlté lesz". July 2020.
