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Husayni was born to the prominent and influential [[al-Husayni]] family of [[Jerusalem]], son of [[Musa al-Husayni]]. He lost his mother after a year and a half of his birth. Afterward his grandmother took care of him and his seven other siblings, three girls, four boys. Foud a farmer, Rafiq an Engineer, Sami a Teacher and Farid an accountant.
Husayni was born to the prominent and influential [[al-Husayni]] family of [[Jerusalem]], son of [[Musa al-Husayni]]. He lost his mother after a year and a half of his birth. Afterward his grandmother took care of him and his seven other siblings, three girls, four boys. Foud a farmer, Rafiq an Engineer, Sami a Teacher and Farid an accountant.


His father, [[Musa al-Husayni]]. He held some high positions in the [[Ottoman State]]. He worked in Yemen, [[Iraq]], [[Najd]] and [[Constantinople]] (Later Istanbul) in addition to Palestine. Because of his great services to the Ottoman state, the government granted him the title (Pasha). He was mayor of Jerusalem (1918–1920), then was dismissed as mayor by the British authorities and became head of the nationalist Executive Committee of the [[Palestine Arab Congress]] from 1922 until 1934. Musa was the first to raise his voice in the face of the British Mandate, and the first to call the people of Palestine to protest, demonstrate, and declare discontent and anger against the [[Balfour Declaration]]. He participated in many demonstrations, the last of which was the large demonstration in Jaffa on 27th October 1933, in which he was severely beaten with batons by the English soldiers, after which he remained bedridden for days, until he died in 1934.
His father, [[Musa al-Husayni]], held some high positions in the [[Ottoman State]], working in Yemen, [[Iraq]], [[Najd]] and [[Constantinople]] (Later Istanbul) in addition to Palestine. Because of his great services to the Ottoman state, the government granted him the title (Pasha). He was mayor of Jerusalem (1918–1920), then was dismissed as mayor by the British authorities and became head of the nationalist Executive Committee of the [[Palestine Arab Congress]] from 1922 until 1934. Musa was the first to raise his voice in the face of the British Mandate, and the first to call the people of Palestine to protest, demonstrate, and declare discontent and anger against the [[Balfour Declaration]]. He participated in many demonstrations, the last of which was the large demonstration in Jaffa on 27th October 1933, in which he was severely beaten with batons by the English soldiers, after which he remained bedridden for days, until he died in 1934.


Abd al-Qadir completed his secondary education in Jerusalem with distinction and then joined the College of Arts and Sciences at the [[American University of Beirut]], but did not continue his studies there. He the joined and graduated in chemistry at the [[American University in Cairo]] and organized the [[Congress of Educated Muslims]].
Abd al-Qadir completed his secondary education in Jerusalem with distinction and then joined the College of Arts and Sciences at the [[American University of Beirut]], but did not continue his studies there. He the joined and graduated in chemistry at the [[American University in Cairo]] and organized the [[Congress of Educated Muslims]].

Revision as of 02:55, 23 December 2021

Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
عبد القادر الحسيني
Portrait
Birth nameAbd al-Qadir al-Husayni
Born1907 (1907)
Jerusalem,  Ottoman Empire
Died8 April 1948(1948-04-08) (aged 40–41)
Al-Qastal,  Mandatory Palestine
AllegiancePalestine's Arab irregular forces
Service / branchArmy of the Holy War
Years of service1936–1948
Battles / wars1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine
1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
RelationsMusa al-Husayni (father)
Faisal Husseini (son)

Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni (Template:Lang-ar), also spelled Abd al-Qader al-Husseini (1907 – 8 April 1948) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and fighter who in late 1933 founded the secret militant group known as the Organization for Holy Struggle (Munathamat al-Jihad al-Muqaddas),[1][2] which he and Hasan Salama commanded as the Army of the Holy War (Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas) during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt and during the 1948 war.

Family and early nationalist career

Abd al-Qadir's wedding, 1934

Husayni was born to the prominent and influential al-Husayni family of Jerusalem, son of Musa al-Husayni. He lost his mother after a year and a half of his birth. Afterward his grandmother took care of him and his seven other siblings, three girls, four boys. Foud a farmer, Rafiq an Engineer, Sami a Teacher and Farid an accountant.

His father, Musa al-Husayni, held some high positions in the Ottoman State, working in Yemen, Iraq, Najd and Constantinople (Later Istanbul) in addition to Palestine. Because of his great services to the Ottoman state, the government granted him the title (Pasha). He was mayor of Jerusalem (1918–1920), then was dismissed as mayor by the British authorities and became head of the nationalist Executive Committee of the Palestine Arab Congress from 1922 until 1934. Musa was the first to raise his voice in the face of the British Mandate, and the first to call the people of Palestine to protest, demonstrate, and declare discontent and anger against the Balfour Declaration. He participated in many demonstrations, the last of which was the large demonstration in Jaffa on 27th October 1933, in which he was severely beaten with batons by the English soldiers, after which he remained bedridden for days, until he died in 1934.

Abd al-Qadir completed his secondary education in Jerusalem with distinction and then joined the College of Arts and Sciences at the American University of Beirut, but did not continue his studies there. He the joined and graduated in chemistry at the American University in Cairo and organized the Congress of Educated Muslims.

Initially, he took a post in the settlement department of the British Mandate government but eventually moved to the Hebron area during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine to lead the struggle against the British. A member of the Palestine Arab Party, he served as its secretary-general and became editor-in-chief of the party's paper Al-Liwa'[3] and other newspapers, including Al-Jami'a Al-Islamiyya.

Abd al-Qadir married in 1934 and fathered Faisal al-Husayni (17 July 1940 – 31 May 2001), the founder and leader of Arab Studies Society, head of Fatah organization in the West Bank and Palestinian Authority Minister for Jerusalem Affairs.

Battle of al-Qastal

In 1938, Husayni was exiled and in 1939 fled to Iraq where he took part in the Rashid Ali al-Gaylani coup. He moved to Egypt in 1946, but secretly returned to Palestine to lead the Army of the Holy War in January 1948. Husayni was killed while personally reconnoitring an area of Qastal Hill shrouded by fog, in the early hours of 8 April 1948.[4] His forces later captured al-Qastal from the Haganah, which had occupied the village at the start of Operation Nachshon six days earlier with a force of about 100 men.[5] They retreated to the Jewish settlement of Motza.[6] Palmach troops recaptured the village on the night of 8–9 April, losing 18 men in the attack;[7] most of the houses were blown up and the hill became a command post.[8][9] Huseyni's death was a factor in the loss of morale among his forces.[10]

  • Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his troops prior to the January 1948 attack on Kfar Etzion. Photograph taken by a Palmach spy
    Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his troops prior to the January 1948 attack on Kfar Etzion. Photograph taken by a Palmach spy
  • Palestine irregulars under Qader al-Husseini about to attack al-Qastal 7-8 April 1948
    Palestine irregulars under Qader al-Husseini about to attack al-Qastal 7-8 April 1948
  • Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his officers on the day he was killed
    Abdul Qader al-Husseini with his officers on the day he was killed
  • Mourners at Huseyni's funeral gather near Sheikh Jarrah
    Mourners at Huseyni's funeral gather near Sheikh Jarrah

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Swedenburg, 1999, p. 150
  2. ^ Sayigh, 2000, p. 35
  3. ^ Levenberg, 1993, p. 6.
  4. ^ Morris, 2008, p.123.
  5. ^ Morris, 2003, p. 234.
  6. ^ Dana Adams Schmidt, "Arabs Win Kastel But Chief is Slain", The New York Times, 9 April 1948, p. 8 (A brief biography and account of the battle).
  7. ^ "דף הבית". Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  8. ^ Benveniśtî, 2002, p.111.
  9. ^ Morris, 2003, p. 235.
  10. ^ Time, "War for Jerusalem Road"

References

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