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'''Chowdhury''' is a [[surname]] and [[hereditary title]] of [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] origin. It means the "holder of four". During [[British India|British rule in the Indian subcontinent]], the term was associated with [[zamindars|landowners]] and social leaders; the common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/01/history.htm|title=::: Star Weekend Magazine :::|website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Many landlords under the [[Permanent Settlement]] carried this surname. Land reforms after the [[partition of India]] abolished the permanent settlement. In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.
'''Chowdhury''' is a [[surname]] and [[hereditary title]] of [[Sanskrit language|sanskrit]] origin. Only [[Brahmin|brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha|kayastha]]s and [[Kahatriya|kshatriyas]] who were also [[Maharaja|bhumipati]]s were granted this surname. [[Muslim]]s who have converted from [[Hinduism]] also use this surname although it is prohibited to use it. It means the "holder of four". During [[British India|British rule in the Indian subcontinent]], the term was associated with [[zamindars]]; the common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/01/history.htm|title=::: Star Weekend Magazine :::|website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Many landlords under the [[Permanent Settlement]] carried this surname. Land reforms after the [[partition of India]] abolished the permanent settlement. In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.


==Meaning and significance==
==Meaning and significance==

Revision as of 04:45, 29 December 2021

Chowdhury
Pronunciationchow-dhuree
chaw-dree
chow-dree
Origin
Word/nameIndo-Aryan
MeaningHolder of four; four-way duties; four responsibilities
Region of originIndian subcontinent
Other names
Variant form(s)Chaudhary, Chaudri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri, Chowduri, Chaudhurani, Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

Chowdhury is a surname and hereditary title of sanskrit origin. Only brahmins, kayasthas and kshatriyas who were also bhumipatis were granted this surname. Muslims who have converted from Hinduism also use this surname although it is prohibited to use it. It means the "holder of four". During British rule in the Indian subcontinent, the term was associated with zamindars; the common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.[1] Many landlords under the Permanent Settlement carried this surname. Land reforms after the partition of India abolished the permanent settlement. In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.

Meaning and significance

"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the Sanskrit word caturdhara, literally "holder of four" (four denoting a measure of land, from chatur ("four") and dhara ("holder" or "possessor")).[2] The name is an ancient Sanskrit term denoting the head of a community or caste.[3] It was a title awarded to persons of eminence, including both Muslims and Hindus, during the Mughal Empire. It was also used as a title by military commanders responsible for four separate forces, including the cavalry, navy, infantry and elephant corps.[4] These people belonged to the zamindar families in British India.[5]

Regional

In the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the titular Rajas of the Bohmong Circle and Mong Circle have the surname Chowdhury.[6][7][8][9]

The Bengali Muslim Mirashdars[note 1] living in the former Kachari Kingdom were given titles by the Kachari Raja, which in modern-day acts as a surname for them.[11]

In Bihar, the Pasi are also known as the Chaudhary, a community traditionally connected with toddy tapping.[12]

Alternate spellings

Its alternate spellings include: Chaudhary, Chaudri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri and Chowdury.[4] The female equivalent is Chaudhurani and alternate spellings include: Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

Notable people

Faizunnesa Choudhurani
Choudhry Rahmat Ali
Sophie Choudry
Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
Chanchal Chowdhury
Rezwana Choudhury Bannya

Bangladesh

India

Nepal

Fiji

Pakistan

United Kingdom

United States

Chaudhurani

Notes

  1. ^ Mirashdar is a term referring to a landowner who pays taxes directly to the government.[10]

References

  1. ^ "::: Star Weekend Magazine :::". archive.thedailystar.net.
  2. ^ "Chaudhury Name Meaning & Chaudhury Family History at Ancestry.com®". www.ancestry.com.
  3. ^ Campbell, Mike. "User-submitted surname Choudhry". Behind the Name. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
  4. ^ a b Patrick Hanks, Richard Coates, Peter McClure (2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. 501. ISBN 9780192527479.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 51. Anthropology Survey of India. 2002. p. 204.
  6. ^ "InsideStoryEventsMaster - Raj Punyah Ceremony Held Both in Bandarban..." ext.bd.undp.org.
  7. ^ "Saching Prue new Mong King". The Daily Star. 18 January 2009.
  8. ^ "Feature: 'Kingdom' system in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts still in force - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn.
  9. ^ "UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts: Stalemate For Land Commission". unpo.org.
  10. ^ Laskar, Nitish Ranjan (1985). Mahishya Das of Cachar and their Social Background. Proceedings of North East India History Association. North East India History Association. p. 456.
  11. ^ E M Lewis (1868). "Cachar District: Statement No. XVIII: Glossary of Local Terms". Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division. Calcutta: Calcutta Central Press Company. pp. 406–408.
  12. ^ People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 759 to 765 Seagull Books
  13. ^ Ahuja, M. L. (2000). Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952-1999. Mittal Publications. pp. 302, 340. ISBN 9788170997665.
  14. ^ "Pakistani Leaders Online". Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  15. ^ Hossain, Anowar (2003). Muslim women's struggle for freedom in colonial Bengal: (1873-1940). Progressive Publishers. p. 266. ISBN 9788180640308.
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