Cartaya: Difference between revisions
→Modern era: edited for flow |
→Modern era: edit for flow |
||
| Line 356: | Line 356: | ||
|location = Cartaya |
|location = Cartaya |
||
|page = 69 |
|page = 69 |
||
}}</ref> Although the local [[shipyard]]s were building [[caravel]]s as early as the 15th century, this industry never really grew to national importance. This was partly because of the perceived poor quality of the local wood, which led ships from the [[Gulf of Cádiz]] to be banned from sailing to the Americas. Cartaya never became as important to Spain's maritime empire as some nearby towns, such as [[Palos de la Frontera]] or [[Moguer]]. Nonetheless, local sailors took part in the famous voyages of [[Christopher Columbus]]. Records |
}}</ref> Although the local [[shipyard]]s were building [[caravel]]s as early as the 15th century, this industry never really grew to national importance. This was partly because of the perceived poor quality of the local wood, which led ships from the [[Gulf of Cádiz]] to be banned from sailing to the Americas. Cartaya never became as important to Spain's maritime empire as some nearby towns, such as [[Palos de la Frontera]] or [[Moguer]]. Nonetheless, local sailors took part in the famous voyages of [[Christopher Columbus]]. Records list the names Talafar, Vizcaino and Alonso Rodríguez on board the [[Christopher Columbus#First voyage|first voyage of Columbus]].<ref name="fair88">{{cite book |
||
|last = Pérez Pereles |
|last = Pérez Pereles |
||
|first = Diego |
|first = Diego |
||
Revision as of 17:04, 9 January 2022
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (July 2021) |
Cartaya | |
|---|---|
Municipality & Town | |
| Cartaya, España | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): | |
  Cartaya Location in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 37°17′N 7°09′W / 37.283°N 7.150°W | |
| Country |  Spain |
| Autonomous Community |  Andalusia |
| Province |  Huelva |
| Comarca | Costa Occidental de Huelva |
| Judicial district | Ayamonte |
| Municipality | Cartaya |
| Mancomunidad | Manc. Beturia |
| Foundation | 15th century |
| Boroughs |
|
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council |
| • Body | City Council of Cartaya |
| • Mayor | Juan Miguel Polo Plana (ICAR) |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,264 km2 (874 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 26 m (85 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
• Total | 19,433 |
| • Density | 8.6/km2 (22/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | cartayero (m), cartayera (f) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 21450 |
| Website | http://www.ayto-cartaya.es/ |
Cartaya is a Spanish locality and municipality in the Province of Huelva (autonomous community of Andalusia). In 2010 it had 18,415 inhabitants. Its surface area is 226.4 km2 and has a density of 81.34 people per km2.
The present town of Cartaya was founded in the 15th Century by the Marquis of Gibraleón, D. Pedro de Zúñiga. Its name comes from the Phoenician word "Carteia", meaning city, which implies that the site had been settled much earlier. Traces have been found dating from the late Roman Empire - when it was an important communications hub between East and West - and there is evidence of farmsteads from the early medieval period.
The municipality's economy is mainly based on the primary sector. However, more recent development has been encouraged in the service sector focused on the leisure and tourism. The per capita income is high in comparison to the neighboring municipalities. The settlements of El Rompido and Nuevo Portil, along with the numerous developments that emerged in recent decades, have contributed to significant population growth.
Among the area's noteworthy attractions are: the former Convent of the Blessed Trinity; the Parish Church; the Hermitage of Santa María de Consolación; the Castle of the Zuñiga; and 4 kilometers of beaches (El Rompido, San Miguel Beach, Nuevo Portil beach and the westernmost part of El Portil).
Toponym
The toponym Cartaya seems to be of Phoenician origin: Qart or Carteia, meaning The City.[2] In the Andalusian period, it was referred to by the name qarqaya, phonetically very similar to the present. Cartaya should not be confused with Libertinorum Carteia in San Roque.
Symbols
- Shield
The municipal blazon is:
Of gules, the golden castle of vert abjured sustained natural mount, and this sustained of silver and azure waves. On both sides of the castle, two mace-bearers.
It was approved by decree of 21 July 1972 and published in the BOE on 24 August that year.[3]
- Flag
The municipal flag was adopted at the plenary municipal meeting of 10 August 1998[3] and it has the following description:
Red with six bands in the low, three white and three blue. Centered and superimposed local arms.
Physical geography
Situation
Cartaya is located 26 km west of Huelva and 112 km from Seville.
- Location
The municipality of Cartaya is located in the southwest of the province of Huelva. It lies on the estuary of the Piedra river, which forms the southern and eastern edge of the territory. The main settlement of Cartaya is situated upstream on the east bank of the Piedra. The smaller settlements of El Rompido is further upstream, on the estuary itself, while El Portil – which partially belongs to Punta Umbría – is right at the river-mouth, on the Atlantic coast.
The municipality covers an area of 226.4 km2[4] with an average altitude of 26 masl.[4]
- Bordering populations
The nearest town is Lepe, five miles to the west on the other side of the river Piedra. To the northeast is Gibraleón and to the south-east is Punta Umbría, which separated from the municipality of Cartaya in the 1960s.
| Northwest: Sanlúcar de Guadiana and Villanueva de los Castillejos | North: Villanueva de los Castillejos | Northeast: Gibraleón |
| West: Lepe | 
|
East: Gibraleón, Aljaraque and Huelva |
| Southwest Lepe | South: Atlantic Ocean | Southeast: Punta Umbría |
Orography
The urban core is near the eastern bank of the river Piedra. Positioned at the river mouth in the village of El Rompido. Radically is the most interior zone of pine groves and small elevations that make it more abrupt. The relief of the region can be categorized into three main types. The fluvial-coastal zone includes the floodplain of the river down to and including the Atlantic coastline and San Miguel Beach. The wooded zone is made up of pine groves and low hills. The remaining part of the region is made up of fields.
The soil is composed of gravel and conglomerates of detritic coverages, glacis and erosion of hillsides. Most of the orography was formed in the Quaternary Period, although the higher ground shows outcrops of Paleozoic shale.
One of the most distinctive features of the landscape is the long peninsula known as the "Arrow of Nueva Umbría". Possession of this narrow strip of land is a source of dispute between the municipalities of Lepe and Cartaya.[5][6] Another local landmark is the Lagoon of El Portil[7].
- Geodesic red
| Municipal area | Geodesic point | Altitude | Number | MTN leaf | Coordeinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cartaya | Miramundo[9] | 170,158 | 98093 | 980 | 37°17′N 7°09′W / 37.283°N 7.150°W |
Climatology
The region has a Mediterranean climate. The winters are very mild, with temperatures rarely dropping below 10 °C; the summers are warm, generally reaching highs of over 30 °C in July and August. Precipitation is not very abundant.
The table below shows the average temperature and rainfall by month for the year 2007:
| Climate data for Cartaya | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21 (70) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31 (88) |
28.1 (82.6) |
25 (77) |
21 (70) |
17.1 (62.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6 (43) |
8.5 (47.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12 (54) |
15.5 (59.9) |
21 (70) |
22.7 (72.9) |
20 (68) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
13.3 (56.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
64 (2.5) |
16 (0.6) |
33 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
4 (0.2) |
2 (0.1) |
4 (0.2) |
55 (2.2) |
48 (1.9) |
52 (2.0) |
21 (0.8) |
373 (14.7) |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN)[10] | |||||||||||||
Hydrology
The principal river is the Piedra, which forms the boundary between the municipalities of Cartaya and Lepe. The river's source is in the municipality of El Almendro, although many tributary streams rise in the municipality of Villanueva de los Castillejos. At one time, the river mouth was by the village of El Rompido, whose name derives from the ocean waves breaking against the river sediment. However, the sediments deposited by the river have built up over time in an easterly direction, giving rise to features such as the "Arrow of Nueva Umbria" and the Lagoon of El Portil.
The water supply of Cartaya municipality comes from the Chanza Reservoir, situated in another municipality.
Ecology
- Flora
There are 12,000 hectares of forest in the area; mostly pine, juniper, new plantations of eucalyptus trees and some smaller areas of evergreen oaks and cork oaks. Along with the marshland areas of the "Marshes of the River Piedra" and the "Arrow of Nueva Umbria",[11] these make up the most important srea of semi-virgin land on the Andalusian coast.[11]
The "Arrow of Nueva Umbria" is an unusual habitat, formed by the effects of winds and tides on the river sediments. It contains three main ecosystems: dune, retama, and marsh. Due to the conditions, very few plants can thrive there. Typical flora includes sea holly, beach grass, white retama, mastic, and other salt-tolerant vegetation.
-
Pine in Aguas del Pino, San Miguel beach. -
Arrow of Nueva Umbria. -
Sea holly.
History
Prehistory
There is little prehistoric archaeological evidence in the area. Around the mouth of the Piedra, small pieces of Lower Paleolithic stone tools have been found: mostly early acheulean deposits (edges, some bifaces and beaks)[12] or Mousterian deposits from the Middle Paleolithic.[12] There seems to have been no connection between the populations living by the Piedra, the Odiel and the Tinto. The first historical evidence of settlement in Cartaya dates to the Phoenician period.
Romanization
Although Cartaya and the nearby coast (where there are many discoveries of shipwrecks) were probably settled by the Phoenicians, the area developed significantly under the Romans. Within the Roman Empire, this area formed part of the Beturia Celtic orTurdula region in the senatorial province of Hispania Baetica.[13] Cartaya found itself close to the Roman road linking the cities of Praesidio and Ad Rubras[14]. This was an area dedicated to the pottery industry - especially the manufacture of amphorae - which may have been destined for the settlement of Punta Umbría or Onuba Aesturia.[15]
In the later Roman period, the Visigoths arrived in Iberia. However - in common with most of the Huelva region - Cartaya shows little significant evidence of their presence.
Middle Ages
During the time of Al-Andalus, these lands were known as Cashtm. At first, Cashtm was part of the Cora of Labla, belonging to Għarb al-Andalus. After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1012, it joined to the Taifa of Huelva. When the Taifa of Huelva also disappeared, it joined to the Taifa of Seville in 1052.
In 1262, Alfonso X the Wise captured the cities of Niebla and Huelva and the region came once again under Christian rule.[16] The province of Huelva became an important frontier territory - part of the "Banda Gallega" which was formed to prevent the eastward expansion of Portugal. By 1269, the border between Cartaya and Lepe had been fixed as the river Piedra. From topographical maps it appears that the Piedra, at that time, met the sea at the present-day site of El Rompido.
Otrosí mandamos a Maestre Fernán García [...] que partiesen los términos entre Gibraleón e Ayamonte e ellos partieronlos e pisieron los moxones de esta guisa. Como caye el río de las Piedras en la Mar e va derechamente arriba e sacude a la Alcaria de Mertola e de esta Alcaria a Moxon cubierto hasta Guadiana.
— Según copia de D. Corpas González, 1917.[17]
Modern era
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the territory of Cartaya came under the rule of the house of Zuñiga. Against the opposition of Alfonso de Guzmán, lord of Ayamonte and Lepe, Don Pedro de Zuñiga y Manrique de Lara won the right to establish a ferry across the river Piedra. In doing so, he founded the town of Cartaya to defend the crossing against attacks by Berber and Norman pirates.[18] Seven years later, he gave the town greater permanence by ordering the construction of a castle and a church. The original church was built in the Mudéjar style; it was later replaced by the present parish chuch of San Pedro. The imposing castle still stands on the western edge of the town. The house of Zuñiga consolidated its power in lower Andalusia through Don Pedro's descendant, Álvaro de Zúñiga. His eldest son acquired the neighboring territories of Lepe and La Redondela as a dowry when he married the daughter of Juan Alfonso de Guzmán III of Ayamonte.[18]
Cartaya's port of La Ribera soon became important. By 1509, ships from Cartaya were fishing in Cape Spartel and Cape Bojador to supply fish for Seville. Transport ships were travelling as far afield as Flanders to engage in cabotage and commerce, including the wine and grain trades.[19] Although the local shipyards were building caravels as early as the 15th century, this industry never really grew to national importance. This was partly because of the perceived poor quality of the local wood, which led ships from the Gulf of Cádiz to be banned from sailing to the Americas. Cartaya never became as important to Spain's maritime empire as some nearby towns, such as Palos de la Frontera or Moguer. Nonetheless, local sailors took part in the famous voyages of Christopher Columbus. Records list the names Talafar, Vizcaino and Alonso Rodríguez on board the first voyage of Columbus.[20]. The same three appear to have returned on the Second Columbian expedition, where they are named as Rodrigo Calafar (aboard the caravel La Niña), Alonso Rodríguez (sailing on the San Juan), and Juan Vizcaíno (on the Cardera).[21]
During this period, the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy founded a convent in the area, as it had in other places nearby. Despite this, the local population seems to have declined. Some villages, such as San Miguel de Arca de Buey (close to present-day El Rompido) disappeared altogether. One cause may have been the plague epidemic of 1602.[22]
In later centuries - especially the 18th century - population began to rise again, and Cartaya expanded greatly in size. This was despite the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which must have caused widespread damage to local buildings (including the convent).
Contemporary era
Between 1804 and 1808, it belonged to the Sanlúcar de Barrameda's maritime Province and the kingdom of Seville up to the new administrative division of 1833,[23] it ended being included in the new province of Huelva.
In the last third of the century, the village of El Rompido arises. Though previously, other small settlements had existed in the river mouth of the Piedra, during these years it began to work an almadraba on "the other side" of the river. As terrestrial communications with Cartaya had to be made from the left bank of the river, families were settled in the current core. These families were usually formed by men of foreign origin, many of them were coming from neighboring Portugal, with women from Cartaya. Portuguese surnames as Almeida or Brito are still common in the zone.[24]
20th century and 21st century
In 1963, there was segregation of the core of Punta Umbría. In the face of the demands of this due to its remoteness to the core and its tourism and economic growth,[25] the City Council had launched a dossier requesting to the Council of Ministers the revocation of the Decree of 15 January 1959 that its segregation of the core was accorded counterfoil. Finally, the negotiations were unsuccessful and Punta Umbría became a new locality of the province with a border scarcely to eight kilometers from El Rompido 26 April 1963. Thereafter, it proposed El Portil as a space for its tourist dynamization. In 1968, it approved a revitalization plan[26] that resulted in unsuccessful propitiated scarcely a slight development of the zone.
With the arrival of democracy and the promulgation of the Spanish Constitution of 1978, Cartaya, as a whole the state, obtained new competitions and it experimented with an important development placing between one of the localities most populated in the province of Huelva at present.
Population and urban arrangement
Population cores
Composed by Cartaya's provincial core, the village of El Rompido (and its bordering urbanizations of Urberosa and Los Pinos) and the urbanization of Nuevo Portil. In addition, it exists a great number of buildings in spread.
| Population cores | Inhabitants | Coordenades | Distance (km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cartaya | 18,415 | 37°16′59″N 7°09′17″W / 37.28306°N 7.15472°W | 0 |
| El Rompido | 1,629 | 37°13′04″N 7°07′20″W / 37.21778°N 7.12222°W | 8 |
| Nuevo Portil | 1,139 | 37°12′52″N 7°03′17″W / 37.21444°N 7.05472°W | 11 |
Demography
| Population pyramid 2009[27] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The population is of 18,415 people in 2010, composed of 9,508 men and 8,907 women. The growth in recent years has been significant, doubling the actual population that existed at the end of the 1980s. In the 1960s, it decreased significantly the census because, in 1963, it became free the village of Punta Umbría from Cartaya.[28]
| Statistical exploitation of the Register. Historical series. Cartaya[29] |
|---|
 |
| Graph elaborated by: Wikipedia based on data from INE-2009 |
- Population pyramid
The analysis of the population pyramid shows the following:
- The 20-year-old minor population is 23% of the total population.
- The population understood between 20–40 years is 37%
- The population understood between 40–60 years is 26%
- The 60-year-old major population is 14%
This population structure is typical in modern demographic regime, with an evolution towards an aging population and a decrease of the annual birth rate.
- Immigrants
The foreign population registered in 2009 adds 3,197 inhabitants, that it represents a percentage of 17% of census, very superior to the national and regional average, being the most numerous nationalities the Moroccan (876 inhabitants), the Romanians (1003) and the Ecuadorian (120).[30]
Urbanism
Politics and Public Administration
Local Administration
The political administration of the municipality is realized through a City Council democratically management whose members are elected every four years by universal suffrage. The electoral census is composed by all the residents registered in Cartaya over 18 years and natives of Spain and of other countries members of the European Union.
According to the Law of the General Electoral Regime,[31] which establishes the number of councilors elected on the basis of the population of the municipality, Cartaya's Municipal Corporation is composed of 17 councilors. In the last Municipal Elections celebrated in 2007, Juan Antonio Millán Jaldón was re-elected mayor, being the constitution of the City Council the following one:
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economy
- Business activity and employment
In 2008, there were in the municipality, a total of 1,105 companies, of which 990 had a workforce of less than 5 workers, 91 companies had a workforce between 6 and 19 workers and, only, 24 companies had a staff of more than 20 workers.[33] With the current economic crisis that is occurring in Spain, it is possible that the data corresponding to the present (2010) are considerably lower than that digits because there are many companies which are ceasing their activities.[34]
Cartaya also belongs to the Mancomunidad of Municipalities Beturia for what this one as the region in which integration takes place several initiatives to promote economic development.[35] One of these was the creation of the School of Business of Cartaya (ULOPA) that is responsible for local economic dynamization.[36]
References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ "Description of Municipal Fund". City council of Cartaya. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ a b Huelva County Council. Municipal Heraldry of Cartaya. Archived 22 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Cartaya tab (Huelva)". Multi-territorial Information System of Andalusia (SIMA / IEA). 29 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ "Millán calls to order to the Mayor lepero". Archived from the original on 8 July 2011.
- ^ City Council of Cartaya. "Documentation about Arrow of Nueva Umbría". Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ Counselling of Environment. Andalusian Autonomous Government. "Lagoon of El Portil" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ National Geographic Institute (Spain). "Data and geodesic services". ign.es. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ^ National Geographic Institute (Spain) (4 December 2010). "Miramundo" (PDF). geodesia.ign.es. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ^ "Weather Information for Cartaya". Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ^ a b Counselling of Environment. Andalusian Autonomous Government. "Paraje Natural Marismas del Río Piedras y Flecha del Rompido". Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ a b García Rincón, José María (1986). Article "Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic in Huelva". Spanish: Artículo "Paleolítico y epipaleolítico en Huelva". Huelva: Ediciones Tartessos SL. pp. 30–34. ISBN 84-7663-002-6.
- ^ "Beturia Celtic". Archived from the original on 9 March 2004. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
- ^ The latter is identified well with Tharsis or Cabezas Rubias, both to Cartaya's North-East.
- ^ "The Roman presence in the province of Huelva" (PDF). Linares Toro, José Ángel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ "Niebla, 3000 years of history". castillodeniebla.com. Archived from the original on 5 December 2000. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ Article "Some considerations on Cartaya's coast". In spanish: Artículo "Algunas consideraciones sobre la costa de Cartaya". In Fair Magazine. Cartaya 1990. Cartaya: Excellency City Council of Cartaya. 1990. pp. 170–171.
- ^ a b González Gómez, Antonio (1987). Huelva in the Middle Ages, a frontier enclave. In spanish: Huelva en la Edad Media, un enclave fronterizo. Cádiz: Editorial Tartessos S.L. pp. 71–72. ISBN 84-7663-003-4.
- ^ Article "The Port of La Ribera". In spanish: Artículo "El Puerto de La Ribera". In Fair Magazin. "Cartaya 1997". Cartaya: Excellency City Council of Cartaya. 1997. p. 69.
- ^ Pérez Pereles, Diego (1988). Fair Magazin 1988. Article "The lost port". In spanish: Artículo "El puerto perdido". Cartaya: City Council of Cartaya. p. 68.
- ^ González Gómez, Antonio (1987). Huelva in Middle Ages, a frontier enclave. In spanish: Huelva en la Edad Media, un enclave fronterizo. Cádiz: Editorial Tartessos S.L. pp. 141–142. ISBN 84-7663-003-4.
- ^ "Cartaya epidemics in the Ancien Regime. In spanish: Epidemias en la Cartaya del Antiguo Régimen" (PDF). Asociación Cultural Carteia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ Pastrana Álvarez, Santiago. ""The 19th century and the liberal revolution". In spanish: "El siglo XIX y la revolución liberal". Geografía esencial". Archived from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ Article: "El Rompido, that unknown place". In spanish: Artículo "El Rompido, ese lugar desconocido". "Cartaya 1990". Cartaya: Excellency City Council of Cartaya. 1990. p. 162.
- ^ Punta Umbría exceeded 800 inhabitants then, the increase of population, twenty years later, especially having turned into the second residence of the capital was spectacular.
- ^ BOE number 182 of 30 July that announces to contest the execution of plan of tourism promotion "El Portil"
- ^ "Review of the Municipal Register 2009. Data for municipalities. Population for sex, municipalities and age (five year groups). Cartaya". Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Spain. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "Historia de Punta Umbría". ayto-puntaumbria.es. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "Explotación estadística del Padrón. Series históricas. Cartaya". Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) Spain. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ "Population by sex, municipalities and nationality (principal nationalities). Cartaya (2009)". ine.es. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "Organic Law 5/1985 Article 169". noticias jurídicas.com. Retrieved 20 April 2009.
- ^ "Municipal Elections Results May 2007". Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
- ^ "Commercial establishments. 2008. Cartaya". Statistics Institute of Andalusia. Multi-territorial Information System of Andalusia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
- ^ "Over 200,000 businesses closed by the crisis in 2009". andaluciainformacion.es. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
- ^ "Webs of Cities Council". Mancomunidad Beturia. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ "Cartaya's City Council, directory". Cartaya's City Council. Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
External links
- CartayaWeb.com – Cartaya Tourist and business Website. Many Videos and pictures (English)
- CartayaWeb.com – Cartaya Tourist and business Website. Many Videos and pictures.
- Cartaya Online Newspaper
- Comercial Direcctory of Cartaya
- Map of Cartaya:
- Recreativo football club in Cartaya
- Cartaya – Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
- Cartaya newspaper library (coming up)
37°17′N 7°09′W / 37.283°N 7.150°W
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
