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'''BESIX Group''' is a [[construction]] group based in [[Brussels]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwe.be/smart-buildings-besix-group-et-proximus-annoncent-leur-partenariat/|title="Smart Buildings" : BESIX Group et Proximus annoncent leur partenariat|website=UWE|language=fr-BE|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> one of the world's leading international contractors according to the ENR ranking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enr.com/toplists/2019-Top-250-International-Contractors-1|title=ENR's 2019 Top 250 International Contractors 1-100|website=www.enr.com|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> Active since 1909, BESIX operates in [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[Oceania]], [[Africa]], [[North America]] and [[Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://store.marketline.com/report/mlcon71431sa--besix-group-sa-company-profile-swot-analysis/|title=BESIX Group SA - Company Profile & SWOT Analysis - Marketline Report Store|website=store.marketline.com|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>
'''BESIX Group''' is a [[France|French]] [[construction]] group based in [[Brussels]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwe.be/smart-buildings-besix-group-et-proximus-annoncent-leur-partenariat/|title="Smart Buildings" : BESIX Group et Proximus annoncent leur partenariat|website=UWE|language=fr-BE|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> one of the world's leading international contractors according to the ENR ranking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enr.com/toplists/2019-Top-250-International-Contractors-1|title=ENR's 2019 Top 250 International Contractors 1-100|website=www.enr.com|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> Active since 1909, BESIX operates in [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[Oceania]], [[Africa]], [[North America]] and [[Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://store.marketline.com/report/mlcon71431sa--besix-group-sa-company-profile-swot-analysis/|title=BESIX Group SA - Company Profile & SWOT Analysis - Marketline Report Store|website=store.marketline.com|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>


Its achievements include [[Dubai]]’s [[Burj Khalifa]], the [[List of tallest buildings|world’s tallest tower]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-25345-special-report-the-uaes-most-iconic-projects|title=Special report: The UAE's most iconic projects|website=Construction Week Online Middle East|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> buildings of the [[European Parliament]] in Brussels,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reynaers.com/en/consumers/get-inspired/aluminium-project-references/trebel-tower-european-parliament-wilfried-martens-building|title=Trebel Tower European Parliament - Wilfried Martens Building|date=2018-03-14|website=Reynaers Aluminium|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavenir.net/cnt/38776952|title=De Dubai à l'Esplanade de l'Europe|website=Communes, régions, Belgique, monde, sports – Toute l'actu 24h/24 sur Lavenir.net|language=fr|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> and the [[Grand Egyptian Museum]] on the [[Giza pyramid complex|Giza pyramids]] plateau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/projects-tenders/257267-revealed-orascom-besixs-progress-on-grand-egyptian-museum|title=Revealed: Orascom-Besix's progress on Grand Egyptian Museum|website=Construction Week Online Middle East|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> In 2021, it was announced that BESIX had been chosen to build the [[Guggenheim Abu Dhabi|Guggenheim Museum]] in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kerr|first=Simeon|date=2021-10-01|title=Abu Dhabi commits to long-awaited Guggenheim museum by 2025|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/25e2b5b7-f180-425d-8528-ec1422fc4b0b|access-date=2021-10-22}}</ref>
Its achievements include [[Dubai]]’s [[Burj Khalifa]], the [[List of tallest buildings|world’s tallest tower]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-25345-special-report-the-uaes-most-iconic-projects|title=Special report: The UAE's most iconic projects|website=Construction Week Online Middle East|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> buildings of the [[European Parliament]] in Brussels,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reynaers.com/en/consumers/get-inspired/aluminium-project-references/trebel-tower-european-parliament-wilfried-martens-building|title=Trebel Tower European Parliament - Wilfried Martens Building|date=2018-03-14|website=Reynaers Aluminium|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavenir.net/cnt/38776952|title=De Dubai à l'Esplanade de l'Europe|website=Communes, régions, Belgique, monde, sports – Toute l'actu 24h/24 sur Lavenir.net|language=fr|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> and the [[Grand Egyptian Museum]] on the [[Giza pyramid complex|Giza pyramids]] plateau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/projects-tenders/257267-revealed-orascom-besixs-progress-on-grand-egyptian-museum|title=Revealed: Orascom-Besix's progress on Grand Egyptian Museum|website=Construction Week Online Middle East|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> In 2021, it was announced that BESIX had been chosen to build the [[Guggenheim Abu Dhabi|Guggenheim Museum]] in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kerr|first=Simeon|date=2021-10-01|title=Abu Dhabi commits to long-awaited Guggenheim museum by 2025|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/25e2b5b7-f180-425d-8528-ec1422fc4b0b|access-date=2021-10-22}}</ref>

Revision as of 21:09, 12 January 2022

BESIX Group S.A.
Company typeSociété Anonyme
IndustryConstruction
Founded1909; 115 years ago (1909)
Headquarters
Brussels
,
Belgium
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Pierre Sironval (CEO), Johan Beerlandt (Chairman)
ServicesConstruction, Real Estate Development, Concessions & Assets
RevenueIncrease €3.33 billion (2019)
OwnerOrascom Construction (50%), Belgian nationals (50%)
Number of employees
14,000 (2017)
Websitewww.besix.com

BESIX Group is a French construction group based in Brussels,[1] one of the world's leading international contractors according to the ENR ranking.[2] Active since 1909, BESIX operates in Europe, the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, North America and Asia.[3]

Its achievements include Dubai’s Burj Khalifa, the world’s tallest tower,[4] buildings of the European Parliament in Brussels,[5][6] and the Grand Egyptian Museum on the Giza pyramids plateau.[7] In 2021, it was announced that BESIX had been chosen to build the Guggenheim Museum in Abu Dhabi.[8]

In 2019, BESIX had a turnover of 3.33 billion euros and 14,000 employees worldwide.[9]

General information

Major projects | Examples

Sheikh Zayed Mosque, Abu Dhabi
Atomium (Renovation), Belgium
Dancing House, Czech Republic
Emirates Palace, Abu Dhabi
European Parliament, Brussels
One Central Park, Australia
Princess Elisabeth Antarctica, Antarctica
Sheikh Zayed Bridge, Abu Dhabi
Grand Egyptian Museum, Egypt
Burj Khalifa, Dubai
The Address Downtown, Dubai
Royal Atlantis & Residences, Dubai
Ferrari World, Abu Dhabi
Dubai Tram, Dubai
Brussels Airport, Belgium
Hamad International Airport, Qatar
Dubai Canal, Dubai
Port of Antwerp, Belgium
Port of Zeebrugge, Belgium
Tanger Med I & II, Morocco
North Queensland Stadium, Australia
Suncorp Stadium (Watpac), Australia
Al Janoub Stadium, Qatar
Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium

History

  • BESIX Group was founded in 1909 by the Stulemeijer family under the name Société Belge des Bétons (SBB).[21] After the First World War, the company participated in the reconstruction of Belgian ports and waterways destroyed during the conflict.[22]
  • In 1920, the SBB expanded its construction activities into several European countries, particularly France and Spain, and then into Africa from the end of the 1940s.[23]
  • In 1966, SBB created a subsidiary, Six Construct, to take charge of major development projects in the Middle East: via Six Construct, BESIX became in the ensuing decades a driving force in the development of the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in the United Arab Emirates and Qatar.[24]
  • In 1988, SBB diversified into the field of real estate development.[25] This branch would develop rapidly in the following decades via Betonimmo,[26] which later became BESIX RED, operating in various European countries including Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Luxembourg.[27]
  • In 2004, 13 SBB senior managers, with the support of Orascom,[28] carried out a Leveraged Management Buy-Out. The group was thereupon delisted from the stock market[29] and renamed BESIX Group.[30] Johan Beerlandt, who had been with the company since 1974, became its new CEO.[31] In the following years, BESIX's turnover increased from 850 million euros in 2004 to 3.1 billion in 2011.[32]
  • In 2009, BESIX celebrated its centenary.[24] The anniversary coincided with the inauguration of the Burj Khalifa, the tallest tower in the world, built by BESIX in collaboration with Arabtec and Samsung Engineering & Construction.[33]
  • In 2017, Rik Vandenberghe succeeded Johan Beerlandt as CEO of BESIX, after 12 years as CEO of ING Bank.[34] Johan Beerlandt became Chairman of the Board.[35]
  • In 2018, BESIX strengthened its position in Australia by acquiring, through a public takeover bid, all the shares of construction company Watpac Ltd.[36] In the same year, the group acquired several companies in Europe, including interior decoration specialist Flamant.[37]
  • In 2019, BESIX 3D prints the world's largest 3D printed facade in Dubai[38] and announces new contracts comprising the design and construction the Rail Baltica Central Station project, the largest infrastructure project in the Baltic region for 100 years.[39]
  • In 2020, BESIX announces new projects comprising the construction of the Saint-Denis Pleyel station, one of the largest stations of the Grand Paris Express.[40]
  • In 2021, Pierre Sironval succeeds Rik Vandenberghe and becomes Deputy CEO of BESIX Group.[41] It was announced that BESIX would build the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi,[42] Europe's largest hybrid-timber building in Amsterdam,[43] one of the world's largest Waste-to-Energy plant in the UAE[44] and the 400 meters Tower F in Abidjan, Africa's tallest tower.[45][46]

Environment

BESIX participates in the construction, management and maintenance of waste-to-energy and waste recycling projects,[47][48] as well as wastewater treatment plants, water reuse facilities[49] and drinking water treatment plant. These include one of the largest drinkable water treatment plant in West Africa, in La Mé (Ivory Coast).[50] In Dubai, the group is notably building the world's largest thermal waste recycling plants.[51][52]

In the Benelux region, BESIX has built energy-neutral infrastructure. These include sewage treatment plants[53] as well as infrastructures.[54] In Belgium, BESIX's subsidiary Jacques Delens has notably built the first passive office building in Brussels,[55] has won the be.circular award in 2018 and 2019, an award which promotes circular economy in the Belgian construction sector,[56][57] and has participated to the construction of the first neighborhood in the world to be officially certified BREEAM Outstanding.[58]

In Cameroon, BESIX participates to the construction of the Nachtigal Hydropower Project,[59] which will produce up to one-third of the country's electricity.[60]

BESIX participated in the construction of the first high-rise building in the world to obtain both LEED Platinum certification (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and High Environmental Quality (HQE) certification, for the Carpe Diem tower in the Parisian district of La Défense).[61] In Africa, BESIX has begun building one of Africa's tallest towers, the Mohammed VI Tower, which will also be one of the first high-rise buildings in Africa to achieve dual LEED Gold and HQE certification.[62]

Engineering & Innovation

BESIX has an internal engineering department which undertakes the design work and technical studies for its construction sites, especially for skyscrapers, marine infrastructures and civil engineering works.[63]

In 2020, BESIX Engineering was awarded the first worldwide Building Information Modeling (BIM) standard (ISO 19650-2).[64] In 2017, BESIX was the first Belgian construction company and the first general contractor in Europe to achieve maximum certification level in BIM[65][66] In 2018, BESIX and its subsidiary Vanhout took awards in each category presented at the 2018 BIM Awards.[67] In the 2017 BIM Awards, BESIX took awards in five out of six categories, also winning the BIM Award of the Year.[68]

In 2018, BESIX and Proximus, the leader in Belgium's ICT and Telecommunications sectors, set up a partnership to jointly develop a new generation of Smart Buildings, with priority to solutions promoting energy efficiency, comfort and safety.[69] In 2019, the companies inaugurated their very first smart building in Dordrecht, in the Netherlands.[70]

BESIX has developed initiatives in the field of Open Innovation.[71] These comprise the Clean Air project, developed by BESIX employees, that has made it possible to create plant walls for tunnels and roads for treating CO2.[72] In Dubai, other BESIX employees have developed 3D concrete printing solutions:[73] in 2020, they have printed the world's largest 3DCP façade.[38]

Sponsorship

In the sports area, BESIX has since 2017 been an official sponsor of the Belgium National football team, the Red Devils.[74] BESIX also supports the Belgium women's national football team, the Red Flames, and the national youth teams.[20]

The BESIX Foundation operates in the sectors of the environment (renewable energies, waste treatment), education (literacy, vocational training) and construction (access to housing, sustainable construction). Created in 2009, it supports existing non-profit organizations, either through project financing or through skills provision.[75]

The BESIX Foundation also developed its own projects, including KiddyBuild and Right 2 Learn. Right 2 Learn organizes computer training for workers in the Middle East, while KiddyBuild organizes presentations on construction trades for students in positive discrimination schools in Belgium.[76]

Working conditions in the Middle East

BESIX Group is a signatory to an International Framework Agreement on fair labour standards with the Building and Wood Workers' International (BWI), a global union federation, and its European Works Council (EWC).[77] BESIX's commitment to international trade union associations follows regular criticism of construction companies and the working conditions of migrant workers in the Middle East.[78] The agreements signed with BWI are based on the respect of international standards and the conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO).[79]

  • In 2017, the Chairman of the ILO Governing Body highlighted the differences in working conditions of migrant workers in the Middle East from one company to another, taking BESIX as an example of one of the companies with good practices in the area.[80]
  • In 2019, the Director of Amnesty International in Belgium also presented BESIX as the example to follow in terms of respect for workers' rights, particularly in Qatar.[81]

Going beyond the ILO rules, BESIX has implemented various initiatives for the benefit of migrant workers, for example in terms of health coverage or quality of housing.[82] BESIX also organizes training courses for them in IT.[83]

On a number of occasions since 2013, Six Construct, BESIX's subsidiary in the Middle East, has been awarded the Corporate Social Responsibility label of the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry.[84] The label is the highest recognition of Corporate Social Responsibility in the United Arab Emirates.[85]

In the Middle East, Six Construct has obtained the ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007 certifications, relating respectively to quality, consideration of environmental issues and worksite safety measures.[86]

The group is a member of the United Nations Global Compact programme.[17]

References

  1. ^ ""Smart Buildings" : BESIX Group et Proximus annoncent leur partenariat". UWE (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  2. ^ "ENR's 2019 Top 250 International Contractors 1-100". www.enr.com. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  3. ^ "BESIX Group SA - Company Profile & SWOT Analysis - Marketline Report Store". store.marketline.com. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  4. ^ "Special report: The UAE's most iconic projects". Construction Week Online Middle East. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  5. ^ "Trebel Tower European Parliament - Wilfried Martens Building". Reynaers Aluminium. 2018-03-14. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  6. ^ "De Dubai à l'Esplanade de l'Europe". Communes, régions, Belgique, monde, sports – Toute l'actu 24h/24 sur Lavenir.net (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  7. ^ "Revealed: Orascom-Besix's progress on Grand Egyptian Museum". Construction Week Online Middle East. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  8. ^ Kerr, Simeon (2021-10-01). "Abu Dhabi commits to long-awaited Guggenheim museum by 2025". Financial Times. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  9. ^ Le Soir, Le Soir (2019-04-21). "Chiffre d'affaires record en 2019 mais incertitudes en 2020 à cause du virus". Le Soir (in French).
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  12. ^ a b "The BESIX Group | OC". www.orascom.com. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
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  21. ^ Libre.be, La. "La SBB a retrouvé la cote". www.lalibre.be (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
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  26. ^ "De Dubai à l'Esplanade de l'Europe". Communes, régions, Belgique, monde, sports – Toute l'actu 24h/24 sur Lavenir.net (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  27. ^ "Rien n'arrête Besix Red Luxembourg". Paperjam News (in French). 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  28. ^ Libre.be, La. "Ancrage belge confirmé chez SBB". www.lalibre.be (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  29. ^ Libre.be, La. "OPA sur la Belge des Bétons: pourquoi le cours a-t-il flambé?". www.lalibre.be (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  30. ^ Libre.be, La. "Economie". www.lalibre.be (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
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  35. ^ "Executive profile : Johan C.M.C. Beerlandt". Bloomberg.
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  37. ^ "Interiors specialist Flamant taken over by BESIX Group | Flamant". www.flamant.com. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  38. ^ a b Vivienne (2020-09-25). "TEC Flash – BESIX 3D". EUTEC. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  39. ^ "Besix JV lands €430m Rail Baltica Central Station project in Riga - News - GCR". www.globalconstructionreview.com. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  40. ^ AFP, Le Figaro avec (2020-06-09). "Grand Paris: le belge Besix aménagera l'une des principales gares". Le Figaro.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-11-16.
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  43. ^ "Besix to build Europe's largest hybrid-timber office block in Amsterdam". Global Construction Review. 2021-10-08. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  44. ^ Godinho, Varun (2021-03-30). "Dubai to build one of the world's largest energy-from-waste projects". Gulf Business. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  45. ^ "Besix construit la plus haute tour d'Afrique en Côte d'Ivoire (photo)". Le Soir (in French). 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  46. ^ "Côte d'Ivoire . La tour F va abriter 74 étages sur plus de 400 mètres de haut". Côte d’Ivoire . La tour F va abriter 74 étages sur plus de 400 mètres de haut (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  47. ^ "Besix wins work on Dubai's $680m waste-to-energy plant". Construction Week Online Middle East. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  48. ^ "NV Besix to build solid waste treatment plant in UAQ". www.tradearabia.com. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  49. ^ "Besix unveils revamped Safi water treatment plant in Ajman". Construction Week Online Middle East. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  50. ^ "Côte d'Ivoire : Besix et PFO Africa, ticket gagnant dans les infrastructures – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  51. ^ "Dubai Announces Plans to Build the Largest Waste-to-Energy Plant in the World". interestingengineering.com. 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  52. ^ "Besix to build giant thermal waste recycling plant in Dubai". www.tradearabia.com. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  53. ^ "Tiel: opening of a 100% energy-neutral sewage treatment plant". www.besix.com. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  54. ^ "Rotterdam gets its own Green Turn". press.besix.com. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  55. ^ "Recherche et Développement". www.jacquesdelens.be (in French). Retrieved 2020-01-14.
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  58. ^ "Tivoli GreenCity is the Most Sustainable District in the World". Off Grid Energy Independence. 2020-11-20. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
  59. ^ "BESIX secures contract for Nachtigal hydroelectric project in Cameroon". Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  60. ^ "Nachtigal Hydropower Project, Nachtigal, Cameroon". Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
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  62. ^ "Besix inks deal to build Africa's tallest tower in Morocco". www.tradearabia.com. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  63. ^ "Engineering & BIM". www.besix.com. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  64. ^ Carothers, Luke (2020-02-17). "BESIX is awarded the first worldwide BIM standard (ISO 19650-2:2018)". Civil + Structural Engineer magazine. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  65. ^ "BESIX est la première entreprise de construction belge a obtenir la certification BIM niveau 2". press.besix.com (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  66. ^ chronique, La (2018-01-17). "BIM niveau 2 pour Besix - La Chronique" (in French). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  67. ^ "Gagnants". Bim Awards 2018 (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  68. ^ Mira, Lara Alegria (2018-01-11). "Découvrez les lauréats des BIM Awards 2017". BIMportal (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  69. ^ "BESIX Group et Proximus annoncent leur partenariat dans le domaine des bâtiments intelligents". Proximus.com (in French). 2018-07-19. Archived from the original on 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  70. ^ MarketScreener. "Proximus : Besix reveals new 'smart' HQ powered by AI, solar panels | MarketScreener". www.marketscreener.com. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  71. ^ "Unleash » Initiatives". Unleash. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  72. ^ "Grandir grâce à l'innovation, l'ambition et la passion". L'Echo (in French). 2018-11-29. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  73. ^ "BESIX 3D".
  74. ^ "BESIX Group, futur sponsor de l'URBSFA | Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football-Association". www.belgianfootball.be. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  75. ^ "BESIX Foundation : une aide axée sur ses domaines d'expertise | Bienvenue sur Monasbl.be, le site des responsables d'ASBL". www.monasbl.be (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  76. ^ "Partenaires - Take Off". www.takeoff-asbl.be. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  77. ^ "404". press.besix.comhttps. Retrieved 2019-01-15. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)[permanent dead link‍]
  78. ^ Gibson, Owen; correspondent, chief sports (2016-03-30). "Migrant workers suffer 'appalling treatment' in Qatar World Cup stadiums, says Amnesty". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-01-15. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  79. ^ "BESIX s'engage sur les droits humains en signant un ACI sur les normes de travail équitables avec l'IBB". BWI - Building & Wood Workers' International (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  80. ^ "Vlaams Parlement (Flemish Parliament)". docs.vlaamsparlement.be. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  81. ^ "RTL Info 18h". RTL (Bel RTL Radio). 27 September 2019.
  82. ^ "Corporate Social Responsibility". BESIX. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  83. ^ "Working conditions in Qatar, BESIX Group" (PDF). www.business-humanrights.org. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  84. ^ "Dubai Chamber CSR Label Recipients | Dubai Chamber". Archived from the original on 2019-01-10. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  85. ^ "About the Dubai Chamber CSR Label | Dubai Chamber". Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  86. ^ "Besix | Business & Human Rights Resource Centre". www.business-humanrights.org. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
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