Marking Guerrillas: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military unit |
{{Infobox military unit |
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| unit_name = Marking Guerrillas |
| unit_name = Marking Guerrillas |
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| dates = |
| dates = 1943–1945 |
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| country = {{flagicon|Philippines|1936}} [[Philippines]] |
| country = {{flagicon|Philippines|1936}} [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|Philippines]] |
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| allegiance = {{flagicon|Philippines|1936}} [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]]<br/>{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[History_of_the_United_States_(1918–1945)|United States]] |
| allegiance = {{flagicon|Philippines|1936}} [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]]<br/>{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[History_of_the_United_States_(1918–1945)|United States]] |
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| role = [[Resistance movement]] |
| role = [[Resistance movement]] |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Yay-panlilio-and-marcos-marking-100-dpi_orig.jpg|left|thumb|258x258px|Marcos V. Agustin and Valeria Panlilio, 1945]] |
[[File:Yay-panlilio-and-marcos-marking-100-dpi_orig.jpg|left|thumb|258x258px|Marcos V. Agustin and Valeria Panlilio, 1945]] |
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The force was first organized by Colonel Marcos Villa "Marking" Agustin of the [[Philippine Scouts]], along with intelligence agent Valeria "Yay" Panlilio, and was initially part of a larger guerilla army known as the Fil-American Irregular Troops (FAIT), which was organized under [[U.S. Army]] Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Straughn.<ref name=":0" /> In contrast to other Filipino guerrilla units such as the [[Hunters ROTC]], the Marking Guerrillas consisted primarily of older soldiers and civilians.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Author|first=Guest|date=2018-06-24|title=Resistance Warriors of the Philippines|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/guest-bloggers/philippines-resistance.html|access-date=2022-01-05|website=WAR HISTORY ONLINE|language=en}}</ref> After Straughn's capture and subsequent execution by the Japanese in August 1943, the Marking Guerrillas became an independent force, operating primarily in the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountains of [[Luzon]] {{cvt|50|km|mile}} southeast of the city of [[Manila]]. During this time, the guerrillas printed their own [[Banknote|banknotes]] to fund the anti-Japanese resistance and be used as currency for local Filipino communities that had |
The force was first organized by Colonel Marcos Villa "Marking" Agustin of the [[Philippine Scouts]], along with intelligence agent Valeria "Yay" Panlilio, and was initially part of a larger guerilla army known as the Fil-American Irregular Troops (FAIT), which was organized under [[U.S. Army]] Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Straughn.<ref name=":0" /> In contrast to other Filipino guerrilla units such as the [[Hunters ROTC]], the Marking Guerrillas consisted primarily of older soldiers and civilians.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Author|first=Guest|date=2018-06-24|title=Resistance Warriors of the Philippines|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/guest-bloggers/philippines-resistance.html|access-date=2022-01-05|website=WAR HISTORY ONLINE|language=en}}</ref> After Straughn's capture and subsequent execution by the Japanese in August 1943, the Marking Guerrillas became an independent force, operating primarily in the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountains of [[Luzon]] {{cvt|50|km|mile}} southeast of the city of [[Manila]]. During this time, the guerrillas printed their own [[Banknote|banknotes]] to fund the anti-Japanese resistance and be used as currency for local Filipino communities that they had freed from Japanese control.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The Marking Guerrillas participated in the [[Battle of Manila (1945)|Battle of Manila]], and were responsible for the capture of former Philippine |
The Marking Guerrillas participated in the [[Battle of Manila (1945)|Battle of Manila]], and were responsible for the capture of former Philippine president [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], whose home they raided on February 8, 1945. According to Aguinaldo, the guerrillas stole many of his belongings during the raid, including jewelry, articles of clothing, documents, and tens of thousands worth of [[Philippine peso|peso]]s and [[Japanese yen|yen]], and had also assaulted his niece.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=ARA|first=SATOSHI|date=2015|title=Emilio Aguinaldo under American and Japanese Rule Submission for Independence?|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24672333|journal=Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints|volume=63|issue=2|pages=161–192|issn=2244-1093}}</ref> |
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During the later phases of the [[Philippines campaign (1944–1945)|Philippines campaign]], the Marking Guerrillas assisted the U.S. [[43rd Infantry Division (United States)|43rd Infantry Division]] and [[Fifth Air Force]] in the capture of the [[Ipo Dam]] from Japanese forces on May 19, 1945.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Panlilio|first=Yay|url=http://archive.org/details/crucibleautobiog00panl|title=The crucible : an autobiography by Colonel Yay, Filipina American guerrilla|date=2010|publisher=New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Press|others=Library Genesis|isbn=978-0-8135-4681-0}}</ref> |
During the later phases of the [[Philippines campaign (1944–1945)|Philippines campaign]], the Marking Guerrillas assisted the U.S. [[43rd Infantry Division (United States)|43rd Infantry Division]] and [[Fifth Air Force]] in the capture of the [[Ipo Dam]] from Japanese forces on May 19, 1945.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Panlilio|first=Yay|url=http://archive.org/details/crucibleautobiog00panl|title=The crucible : an autobiography by Colonel Yay, Filipina American guerrilla|date=2010|publisher=New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Press|others=Library Genesis|isbn=978-0-8135-4681-0}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 23:44, 14 January 2022
| Marking Guerrillas | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1943–1945 |
| Country |  Philippines |
| Allegiance | Commonwealth of the Philippines United States |
| Role | Resistance movement |
| Engagements | Battle of Manila Battle of the Ipo Dam |
The Marking Guerrillas were a Filipino guerrilla army that took part in the anti-Japanese resistance during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II.
History
The force was first organized by Colonel Marcos Villa "Marking" Agustin of the Philippine Scouts, along with intelligence agent Valeria "Yay" Panlilio, and was initially part of a larger guerilla army known as the Fil-American Irregular Troops (FAIT), which was organized under U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Straughn.[1] In contrast to other Filipino guerrilla units such as the Hunters ROTC, the Marking Guerrillas consisted primarily of older soldiers and civilians.[2] After Straughn's capture and subsequent execution by the Japanese in August 1943, the Marking Guerrillas became an independent force, operating primarily in the Sierra Madre mountains of Luzon 50 km (31 miles) southeast of the city of Manila. During this time, the guerrillas printed their own banknotes to fund the anti-Japanese resistance and be used as currency for local Filipino communities that they had freed from Japanese control.[1]
The Marking Guerrillas participated in the Battle of Manila, and were responsible for the capture of former Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo, whose home they raided on February 8, 1945. According to Aguinaldo, the guerrillas stole many of his belongings during the raid, including jewelry, articles of clothing, documents, and tens of thousands worth of pesos and yen, and had also assaulted his niece.[3]
During the later phases of the Philippines campaign, the Marking Guerrillas assisted the U.S. 43rd Infantry Division and Fifth Air Force in the capture of the Ipo Dam from Japanese forces on May 19, 1945.[1]
The Marking Guerrillas disbanded shortly after the surrender of Japan that ended the war. Panlilio would later write of the experiences of her and her husband in leading the army in her 1949 autobiography, The Crucible.
References
- ^ a b c Panlilio, Yay (2010). The crucible : an autobiography by Colonel Yay, Filipina American guerrilla. Library Genesis. New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4681-0.
- ^ Author, Guest (2018-06-24). "Resistance Warriors of the Philippines". WAR HISTORY ONLINE. Retrieved 2022-01-05.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ ARA, SATOSHI (2015). "Emilio Aguinaldo under American and Japanese Rule Submission for Independence?". Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints. 63 (2): 161–192. ISSN 2244-1093.